Spring field work in the field. Fruit tree care

It is imperative to check and prepare for the coming season.

It is also necessary to carry out a number of activities, including cleaning, pruning, removing shelters, prevention, preparation for grafting and planting. As a rule, in the southern regions you can begin to carry out such work as early as March. IN middle lane our country and northern regions The dates are pushed back by a couple of weeks.

Gardening in spring

It is necessary to begin the first spring work in the garden with the onset of the first warm days and after the bulk of the snow cover has disappeared.

Cleaning the garden after winter

Cleaning consists of removing all plant debris, as well as inspecting the soil and garden plantings at the dacha. Exactly early spring– the period of appearance of the first weeds. Roots that are not yet sufficiently strong can be easily removed from wet soil. spring soil. The first warm days of spring provoke active growth growths not only on the soil, but also on the surface garden paths, which should be thoroughly rinsed using a strong stream of water from a normal garden hose.

It should be remembered, that any spring activities related to water should be carried out only at above-zero temperatures, which will prevent the formation of ice. All planting containers, as well as flowerpots, flowerpots and flower pots, intended for growing plants in the coming season, also need revision, high-quality cleaning, and, if necessary, restoration of integrity.

Work in the garden in early spring (video)

Pruning fruit trees and shrubs

In the spring, in most cases, sanitary cleaning is carried out, as well as removing all old and unnecessary shoots and branches:

annual raspberry shoots need to be crowned by cutting off the top five buds, which allows stimulating the formation of new basal shoots. All frozen, weakened shoots must be removed;
Currant bushes are thinned out in the spring. On black currants, branches older than seven years are removed. On red and white currant bushes, you need to cut out branches older than ten years. You also need to cut off the excess root shoots and weakened shoots. All frozen tops are trimmed;
starting from the age of three, it is necessary to thin out the gooseberry bushes, as well as remove old branches and excess growth, which improves the illumination of the fruits and increases the yield;

do spring pruning Bush cherry varieties must be very carefully removed, removing thickening and old branches, taking into account fruiting on last year's peripheral branches. It is best to perform shortening in the summer, after fruiting;
The annual spring formation of fruit plantings allows maintaining the habit and improves insolation of the above-ground part. Any molding must be done with determination of the direction of growth processes of skeletal branches;
It is best to grow plums in a trunk, since bush-like forms thicken faster and become less fruitful. Formation begins almost immediately after planting the seedlings on permanent place, which will allow you to create a productive crown by four to five years.

The crown of fruit trees can be formed in a tiered-sparse, horizontal or saucer-shaped, as well as vertical or palmette version.

Rules and terms for removing winter shelters

One of the primary tasks in the spring is the correct and timely removal of all protection from frost in the winter. Covering materials or special structures must be inspected, thoroughly cleaned and washed.

After the winter shelters have dried, they can be stored until the autumn cold. WITH garden area necessarily old and trimmed in the process spring formation branches, fallen leaves and withered grass, as well as any other debris of plant and non-vegetable origin.

March at the dacha: protecting plants from sunburn in early spring

In the first ten days of March, the illumination increases, so during the daytime the stem part and branches of garden plantings can warm up significantly, so during night frosts the heated wood dies off. To areas with sunburn darkening, peeling and cracking are observed.

Whitewashing the trunk and branches of skeletal branches can effectively reduce the heating of the bark. It is best to whiten garden plantings in the fall or in the last ten days of February, choosing a dry and sunny day for this purpose. Before you begin processing, you need to inspect the plants and, if necessary, carry out preventive or therapeutic measures. Whitewashing can be done with acrylic water-dispersion paint"VD-AK 0508" or "Dekoprof" products. It is also allowed to tie the stem part with white parchment.

How to treat trees in spring (video)

How and how to treat trees against pests in spring

Treatment times vary depending on the type of plant and the composition of the solutions used for spraying:

prevention of fungal diseases, damage by mosses and lichens before bud break, copper sulfate, diluted at the rate of 100-150 g per bucket of water;
spraying grapevine and soil around until the buds open bacterial cancer, spotted necrosis and anthracnose iron sulfate at the rate of 200 g per bucket of water;
mandatory treatment of garden plantings before flowering against California scale insects, copperheads, mites, weevils and flower beetles with Iskra-M, Fufanon, Iskra-double effect, Karbofos, Aliot or Biotlin;
treatment of currants with “Commander”, “Bison”, “Tanrek”, “Iskra Zolotoy” or “Inta-Vir” on the blossoming buds and first leaves;
treatment of gooseberries with “Topaz” or “Skor” before flowering.

You should also spray peach, apricot and cherry with “Horus”, “Kuprolux”, “Abiga-Peak” or “Ordan” after flowering to protect against maniliosis, curl and klyasterosporiosis.

Grafting and planting trees

As a rule, by the first ten days of May, planting is already completed. fruit and berry trees and shrubs, and the time comes for grafting. It is best to carry out this activity when the buds on the selected rootstocks swell and begin to open slightly. Spring vaccination can be performed in several ways:

Copulation;
Butt;
Split;
Saddle;
In the side cut.

Regardless of the method used, a prerequisite for obtaining a good result is the use quality instrument and a special grafting tape.

What to do in the garden in spring

In spring it's time for the main preparatory activities in the garden and in greenhouses. During this period, you need to pay attention to winter crops, perennial crops, as well as prepare ridges in open ground and in greenhouses for planting and sowing work.

Main events

The garden is cleared of debris and plant debris. It is also necessary to remove all shelters that covered winter crops and the least cold-resistant garden crops during the winter.

As soon as the greenhouse soil warms up, you need to dig it up with one shovel. At the same time, it is necessary to apply basic fertilizers:

applied to cucumber beds for each square meter about 5–6 kg of high-quality humus, with the addition of 50 g of any complex fertilizer and a couple of glasses of wood ash;
on beds prepared for growing tomatoes, peppers and eggplants, the dose of humus will need to be halved;
in preparation " warm ridges» the top 15 cm of soil should be removed, then the biomass should be laid and covered with a layer of fertile soil.

During the same period, film garden structures should be prepared. The time for stretching the film cover over the greenhouses must be calculated in such a way that in the last ten days of April it is possible to sow the most cold-resistant and early-ripening plants. garden crops.

Important check the condition of the above-ground part of garden berry gardens and replace the old mulch layer. It is best to use organic matter as mulch, represented by:

sawdust;
compost;
tree bark and wood chips;
straw;
rotted leaves.

Good result allows the use of mulching covering fabric. In March or April, the garden soil is fertilized with complex universal fertilizers"Nitroammofoska" or "Azofoska".

When to start planting at the dacha

Sowing and planting cold-resistant garden crops must be done while the soil is still in a soft and plastic state.

During this period, the soil is already sufficiently warmed up and contains the optimal amount of moisture for the growth and development of crops. It is recommended to dig up the soil immediately before sowing or planting, which will not allow moisture to evaporate. If necessary, all dug up ridges must be covered before sowing in order to preserve moisture. plastic film

, which is fixed with stones.

How to prune berry bushes in spring (video) The harvest will depend on how correctly and timely the entire volume of spring work in gardens and vegetable gardens is carried out. That is why spring period

– the most important time for everyone involved in private gardening and vegetable growing.

Preface For most gardeners, spring gardening is routine. The dacha plot must be put in order - prepare the soil for planting, spray the trees and bushes. Special attention

It is necessary to pay attention to pruning before a large amount of sap begins to flow. Spring is not a time for rest!

Required tools and materials

Work in the garden in early spring - where to start? If based a long period there is no time for the snow to melt, but there is still work to be done do not tolerate delay, then we speed up the process - pour a thin layer of peat onto the snow. If time allows, we wait. The soil on which the snow has melted is well moistened. If you leave the snow cover near the trees, the process of gradual wetting is prolonged.. This way you can retain a significant amount of moisture for quite a long time.

As the snow melts, work in the garden in the spring can begin with cleaning up last year's leaves (if this was not done in the fall). It can be burned or composted. Then remove the insulating film from the grapes, ornamental plants, open the strawberries. We pay special attention to the soil of the site: if necessary, then we remove excess moisture and perform loosening.

After this, the top layer of soil should be mulched, that is, sprinkled with organic or inorganic material. The first is hay, nut shells, sawdust, humus, pine needles. The second is gravel, pebbles, and various covering materials. Mulching helps conserve water and loose soil, prevents soil erosion, reduces the number of weeds and promotes the formation of adventitious roots.

Spraying and whitewashing - don't forget about the trees

All work in the garden must be done before the buds begin to swell. First of all, this applies to pruning shrubs, fruit trees and grapes. Early pruning reduces Negative consequences, possible from shortening. It is also important to get rid of dry branches damaged by frost or disease and cut out excess growth.

If you decide to carry out, remove no more than a third of the branches in one year.

If autumn whitewashing trees for some reason was not produced, then this must be done. Whitewash, which contains chalk and lime, protects the tree well from flightless insect pests that overwinter in the bark or fallen leaves. It is imperative to do the first spraying of trees and grapes before the buds open - many insects lay their eggs in the buds or buds.

Spring work in the garden – March-May

At the end of April - beginning of March, all fruit trees must be opened and the soil must be dug up in a circle, only carefully so as not to damage their roots. This is done as if to destroy possible pests and infections, and to improve soil quality. Also during this period, it is advisable to dig up the soil throughout the entire area and add mineral fertilizers or ash. Then use a rake to level the ground. When the weather is warm and sunny, early crops can be planted.

Spring has come! And even though most summer residents still have snow on their personal plots, everyone knows: it's time to start moving spring work in the garden. We invite you to familiarize yourself with our spring garden planner. It will help beginning gardeners get lost in the new world of gardening. And experienced summer residents will quickly orient themselves in current gardening work. So let's get started:

Spring work in the garden

The first thing you should do is walk around the garden and look around: Are all trees and shrubs protected from the spring sun?. The right cover in the winter-spring period - the key to healthy bark, and therefore the tree as a whole. Spring protection especially important for fruit seedlings in the garden. Care consists of shading the trunk from strong changes in day and night temperatures. You can wrap the trunk with non-woven material or spruce branches. In mid-spring, when the snow melts and temperature changes smooth out, the shelter from the trees is gradually (over a couple of weeks) removed. By the way:

It's good if with south side at the trunk young tree A peg will be installed, so it will shade the seedling a little in the summer.
It is very undesirable to whitewash seedlings - this reduces the rate of growth and thickening of the bark, because whitewashing clogs the pores of the tree.
Spring work in the garden they suggest trimming shrubs and pruning fruit trees. Pruning work should be carried out before the sap begins to rise up the trunk and the buds swell.
Hide evergreen shrubs from the sun. WITH with the help of the lung shading nonwoven materials you can keep it juicy green foliage in shrubs such as evergreen rhododendrons, conifers, hollies, etc. The shelter can be removed after the frost ends.

Spring work in the garden

The very first and main job in the garden part of the dacha in the spring there will, of course, be a thorough cleaning winter debris from all beds and flower beds. Particular attention should be paid to insects and larvae in the beds. Remove all living things that you see on the ground, this way you will significantly reduce the number of subsequently multiplying pests.
We apply organic fertilizers. Spring is the time to work in the garden with a shovel and a wheelbarrow. Before you start spring planting, care should be taken to ensure that the soil has enough nutrients. Ready-made compost, purchased peat or rotted manure (beam) are great for this purpose.
If the soil is heavy , coarse sand and fine gravel should be added to add airiness to the soil and prevent stagnation of water at the roots. If the soil is too crumbly (sandy), among other things, it is advisable to add granular clay or clay soil– this will help retain moisture longer and nutrients on the surface of the beds.
We loosen the soil in the beds and flower beds. It has long been known that constantly digging up the soil in the garden is not useful - its structure is disrupted, and nutrients go deeper into the ground with digging. But loosening to a depth of 5-10 cm is a great way to prepare the soil for spring planting. Loose soil is porous and granular, in which plant roots feel great, quickly gaining strength and growth.
Inspect lawns after winter- another important spring work. All last year's grass is torn through with a rake; potholes in the lawn need to be filled with earth mixed with sand (50x50). It is useful to sprinkle the entire surface of the lawn with fine sand, level the surface, and plant fresh seeds of the lawn mixture on the resulting bald spots.
Removal winter shelters . True, it is better to do this gradually: first, just loosen the strapping, then, as daytime and night temperatures rise, it is better to replace the shelter with a more air- and light-permeable one (lutrasil, agrospan and other non-woven material).

But the plants should be finally “unpacked” only after the last frosty night. That's all the preparatory spring work in the garden, having completed which it will be time to move on to more pleasant things: planting vegetables and flowers, decorating and arranging your own country world. We wish you success in carrying out spring work in the garden!

With the arrival of spring, gardeners and gardeners in their summer cottages and other plots begin to hot period, you need to have time to complete all the work and prepare the ground for receiving good harvest fruits and vegetables. The owners’ hands are itching, because they are quite fed up with winter worries and cold, and they want to quickly go out into the garden and beds, determine the scope of work for themselves and begin to carry it out. The harvest will depend on properly carried out spring work in the garden (let’s not forget about summer chores either). Therefore, spring is a responsible time for gardeners and vegetable growers.

Work in the garden and vegetable garden in spring (March - April - May)

What kind of work needs to be done in the garden in the spring? Everything needs to be done better according to what was prepared in advance, taking into account personal experience, plan. All work in the garden and vegetable garden is carried out slowly, in compliance with agrotechnical techniques and in accordance with climatic conditions. This is the only way to be sure that the work will give a positive result. As soon as the sun warms up, the first thing you need to do is fruit trees.

Freeing fruit trees from the snow cap

At the beginning of March, the gardener's first priority is to free the branches of fruit trees from the ice crust that appears when the snow melts. All work should be carried out with a garden fork so as not to harm the young branches.

Experienced gardeners, after heavy snowfall, “powder” trees with peat or wood ash. In tree trunk circles you need to do the same, since the sun's rays will heat up faster dark snow, and it will begin to melt.

Is the "Snow Accumulation" technique so good?

Due to unstable spring weather and low night temperatures, many gardeners want to restrain the blossoming and flowering of trees so that frosts do not affect future harvest. They practice the "Snow Accumulation" technique. After heavy snowfall, gardeners pour snow under the trees and cover them with sawdust. They believe that accumulated snow will melt more slowly, delaying the awakening of plants. The growing season shifts slightly and flowering is not affected by spring frosts. Nose scientific point It is impossible to do this, because each plant has its own development cycle and interference with nature can destroy the trees.

Spring whitewashing of trees and shrubs

After the snow melts, it is necessary to whiten the trunks of trees and shrubs lime mortar. This procedure is carried out not for beauty, but to protect plants from pests and scorching sun rays. To prepare 10 liters of solution you need to take half a kilo of copper sulfate diluted in small quantity hot water, 2.5 kg of chalk or lime and casein glue - 100 g, and adding more water. Mix all components and apply to the trunks in 2 layers.

Pruning bushes and trees

Maintenance pruning is carried out on mature plants. Its purpose is to ensure growth, increase fruit production and maintain the crown.

Formative is pruning the crown of young plants in order to give it a beautiful and compact appearance, stimulate the formation of fruits and facilitate harvesting. Held until the beginning of May.

Regulatory pruning is carried out together with supporting pruning. It can control the load on the branches during heavy fruiting.

Anti-aging pruning is carried out on old trees. In this way, fruiting can be stimulated.

Restorative pruning is carried out on heavily branched trees, on those that have frozen over the winter or have been damaged by rodents and pests.

Grafting garden trees in spring

It happens that taste qualities the owner is not satisfied with the fruits. There is a way out: you can graft trees with new varieties. It is not necessary to buy a new plant.

Scion preparation

To graft a new variety, cuttings must be taken from young trees: stone fruit crops must be no older than 5 years, and pome crops must be no older than 7 years. The best time The best time to harvest cuttings (scion) is the beginning of winter, since annual growths need to mature and harden. For cuttings, take annual shoots. They carefully inspect and cut them into pieces of 40 - 60 cm and hide them in the snow. Also, cuttings can be prepared in early spring, but provided that the winter was not harsh and frosty.

At what time should vaccination be carried out?

April is the most the right time for grafting, since active sap flow begins in the rootstock. In order for the scion and rootstock to take root well, it is necessary to prevent the scion from entering an active state, so it must be stored in the refrigerator or under the snow until the very last moment. The scion must not be allowed to dry out. During storage, it should be in a bag or wrapped in damp material.

First of all, you need to graft cherries, cherries and plums (stone crops), and then pear and apple trees (pome crops), since the latter begin to flow sap later.

Common methods of vaccination:

into the cleft;
for the bark;
into the side cut.

First you need to trim the skeletal shoots, leaving a trunk length of 40 cm and graft with prepared varieties. The place where the scion and rootstock combine is wrapped with film, and the cutting is lubricated with varnish. This procedure will reduce evaporation by half and prevent the shoot from drying out. After 3 weeks, the film must be removed.

Re-vaccination

You cannot re-graft a plant in 1 year; the whole process must be extended over 3 years. During regrafting, most of the branches are cut off, so 3 years is the optimal period for establishing correspondence between the roots of the tree and its above-ground part. Re-vaccination should be done from top to bottom. At 1 year of age they are vaccinated top part, in the second - the middle one, and in the third - the lower one. For stone fruit trees This method of grafting, such as “split”, is an ineffective method. Survival rate of cuttings stone fruits- 60%, for pome fruits - 90%.

Feeding

Caring for trees and shrubs in spring time involves the application of fertilizers. You can feed it with organic matter or apply mineral fertilizers.

From organic fertilizers Chicken manure has proven itself well. It must be applied to the soil at tree trunk circle. Apple, plum, pear, quince, cherry, and peach trees are fed with chicken droppings. Organic matter is necessary for the growth and fruiting of apricots and cherries.

For your information!

Fresh chicken manure, not diluted with water, can destroy the roots, so it must be infused in water before use.

Preparing fertilizer

For 10 liters of water you will need 1 kg of dry litter.
The organic matter is placed in a bucket and 3 liters of water are added.
The diluted litter should ferment within 1 - 2 days.
Then you need to fill the bucket with water to the top, mix and feed the plants.

If there are no chickens on the farm and there is nowhere to get fresh droppings, you can buy it in dry form. It should be remembered that improper storage of droppings leads to the fact that it turns into ammonia, as evidenced by the acrid and pungent odor.

Trees can be fed with compost or manure. We apply only rotted manure, which, unlike chicken manure, is not diluted in water, but is immediately applied to the soil. You should feed manure not only coniferous trees: cypress, spruce, yew, pine, thuja, but also apple and pear trees.

Protection of plantings of fruit trees and shrubs from spring frosts

During the flowering period of trees and shrubs and during the setting of berries and fruits big damage bring lower night temperatures. It is very difficult to preserve the harvest, but protecting the garden from frost is the main task of the gardener.

Fruit and berry plants at a temperature of -4 degrees the buds that appear are shed. An air temperature of -1 degrees damages young, tender ovaries, and a temperature of -2 degrees is destructive for blossoming flowers.

If the garden is located on the shore of a large body of water, a drop in temperature will not harm it. But to him, located in an open area, in low places, need protection.

When planting a garden, you need to take into account that dry and loose soil cools faster than moist soil. Therefore, it is important to choose in advance a place for the future “residence” of trees and shrubs.

The technique of “fumigation (in other words: smoking) of trees.” Reliable way protection from low temperatures. To do this, you need to lay out heaps of garbage throughout the garden: old leaves, wet grass, tree branches, weeds. To prevent rapid combustion, piles of garbage are sprinkled with turf, garden soil, weeds or grass. Combustible material will smolder, emitting a lot of smoke. When the sun rises (after 1.5 hours), you can finish smoking.

Smoke bombs. You can buy them in specialized stores. The smoke spreading from smoke bombs envelops trees and shrubs in a layer of paraffin. Plants are protected, since paraffin does not allow low temperature damage swollen buds, flowers and ovaries. Smoke bombs are effective even at temperatures of -4 degrees.

Spraying trees with cold water abundant watering soil is also considered effective procedure protection from low temperatures.

Summer residents, who have extensive experience in garden care, place basins and other containers under trees and near bushes and fill them with water. The procedure is labor-intensive, but significant. Once you place the bowls with water, you don’t have to worry about the fruit trees and bushes being damaged.

Protecting your garden from pests

When plants awaken from winter sleep, pests intensify their activity. In early spring When there are no swollen buds, trees and shrubs can be treated with any pesticides.

Spraying is the most effective method for preventive work and for insect control.

If there wasn't a big insect infestation last year, spraying the trees will suffice Bordeaux mixture, urea or copper sulfate according to the instructions.

To prevent the development of diseases such as scab, cocomycosis, moniliosis, curliness, it is necessary to treat dormant buds with Bordeaux mixture (1 - 2%). Processing should only be carried out at temperatures above 0 degrees.

In case of massive damage to shrubs harmful insects It is recommended to treat with phytoverm or fufanol (20 and 10 ml of product per bucket of water, respectively). "Fitoverm" is a biopesticide that is destroyed within 5 days, fufanol lasts 10 days. During this time, young insects emerge from the larvae and continue to destroy the plantings, so it is necessary to treat the plants 3 times. The drugs are dangerous to human health, but they are not able to penetrate deep into the plants and destroy the pest. For example, to fight currant kidney mite gave positive results, it is necessary to “catch” the moment when pest individuals will move from old buds to young ones.

In the spring you can see cracks and wounds on the bark; they need to be treated with 3% copper sulfate and covered with varnish. To prevent fungal diseases, trees are sprayed with urea (5%).

If brownish-red spots with black tubercles appear on trees and shrubs, these are signs of cytosporosis disease. All damaged branches are stripped back to healthy tissue, thin and weak shoots are completely removed.

How to arrange hunting belts?

During bud break, the larvae of aphids, caterpillars of leaf rollers, moths, moths and apple sucker. During this period, the apple flower beetle crawls out of its hiding place.

At first they cannot fly, but in search of food they actively climb the bark of trees to young buds and foliage. This can be prevented by placing adhesive (catching) belts on the tree trunk. To make them they take thick paper or soft thin cardboard and generously grease with glue.

A belt made from loosened cotton wool and attached to wood works well at catching beetles. To protect the cotton wool from getting wet during bad weather, you can attach a film canopy on top of it. Catching belts made of cotton wool are installed on the upper and middle part trunk If the apple flower beetle has damaged the buds, you will see black dots on them that look like a needle prick.

Lawn care

When the air temperature rises above 5 degrees, grass begins to grow. In the spring, you need to clear the area of debris: old leaves, moss, tree branches. Mechanical cleaning of the lawn is carried out (or you are just planning to lay a lawn, here are articles about preparing the site for it and planting itself) using fan rake made of metal.

If the area has heavy soil, it can be improved by spreading sand over the surface of the lawn. With its help, unevenness will be filled. You do not need to pour pure sand, but along with humus or garden soil. For 2 parts sand you will need 1 part leaf humus or country soil. The embankment should be leveled using the back of the rake.

The main spring work of a gardener - vegetable grower

April is a hot month for summer residents. At this time, spring work in the garden is in full swing. It is necessary to prepare the soil for planting, apply complex fertilizer for planting perennial crops, prepare the greenhouse and plant the seedlings.

Preparing the soil for planting

To seeds of cold-resistant crops: cauliflower, carrots, broccoli, beets and lettuce were able to germinate, the soil should warm up to +8 degrees, and heat-loving crops such as pumpkins and cucumbers will need a temperature of +12 degrees.

Often winter does not want to give way to spring and the soil does not warm up for a long time. In this case, it should be warmed up artificially. It is necessary to calculate the sowing time and cover the beds with black plastic or garden material. This way, the soil will warm up faster and moisture will remain in the garden bed. After planting seedlings in warm soil, they will begin to grow faster.

Planting seedlings of flowers and vegetables

Young plants grown at room temperature, before planting in the ground on the garden bed, they must get used to more low temperatures, so they should be hardened in advance. When the temperature outside is above zero and there is no wind, the boxes with seedlings (read how to grow them correctly) should be taken out into the garden. Sunbathing will only benefit her. In the evening, the boxes are brought into the house, and if night frosts are not expected, they are left outside, but wrapped in film or spandbond.

When growing seedlings in a greenhouse, it is necessary to increase ventilation to harden the young plants. Seedlings should be prepared a couple of weeks before planting in open soil.

Before planting, we remove the seedlings from the abundantly spilled boxes with seedlings along with a lump of earth and plant them in prepared holes in the garden bed. You need to replant in the evening or on a cloudy day. During transplantation, part of the main root is removed and the plant is buried down to the first leaves. New plantings are watered thoroughly and the soil around the plants is compacted once again, being careful not to damage the young leaves.

Vegetable grower's calendar

Works in March

At the beginning of the month, you need to start preparing nutritious soil for seedlings, steam it and disinfect it. Soak the seeds (be sure to check them for germination) of eggplants, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and sow them for seedlings. Celery also requires planting.

It's time to reconsider the bulbs flowering plants, remove all diseased and dried out ones.

The second decade is suitable for picking and feeding cabbage seedlings.

beds with perennial plants you need to sprinkle it with ash or peat, and cover it with some kind of insulation. This technique will help the plants begin to grow faster.

The third ten days of the month are suitable for picking peppers and tomatoes. After transplanting, they should be fed.

You can prepare greenhouses for the season, repair them and treat them disinfectants, pin the raspberries bent to the ground for the winter.

Works in April

In the first ten days, you need to put the potatoes to sprout.

It's time to sow late varieties cabbage: cauliflower, white and red.

If carried out winter sowing vegetable seeds, now is the time to remove the covers and loosen the soil between the rows.

Do not forget!

Rhubarb and sorrel plantings are fed nitrogen fertilizer, diluting 3 tbsp in a bucket of water. l. urea and adding the resulting mixture between the rows. Compost should be spread around the rhubarb bush and covered with a bucket. The plant will become warmer and it will begin to grow faster, and the petioles will taste more tender.

Works in May

An unpredictable month, the likelihood of frost returning is quite high, so there is no need to rush into planting heat-loving crops in open ground, despite the warm daytime temperatures.

At the beginning of the first ten days of May, you can sow parsley, lettuce, nigella onions, dill, radishes, spring garlic, and carrots.

Tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and cucumbers can be planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse. You should inspect the perennials, spray the plantings against pests if necessary, feed the plants and mulch the soil around them.

The middle of the month is suitable for planting potatoes.

When all the work has been done, you should prepare the beds for cucumbers, pumpkins, beans, squash, basil and zucchini.

Features of spring sowing of some vegetable crops

To obtain high yield, it is necessary to prepare the seeds for planting, select quality ones, and throw away the “dummies”. Great care must be taken to ensure proper fit.

Radish

When sowing seeds, do not thicken the plantings. In order for the root crops to be juicy and large, the distance between plants/rows should be 5 cm and 15 cm. The crop is demanding of moisture, so it needs daily watering. With a lack of moisture, the radish becomes tough and the stem stretches.

Garlic

Planting beds need to be changed annually. Return them to previous place possible only after 4 years. If crop rotation is not adhered to, garlic is more susceptible to disease, yield decreases and shelf life is shortened.

cucumbers

It is preferable to grow through seedlings. The soil for sowing seeds should consist of peat, turf soil and sawdust, respectively 1:1:2.

The bed for planting cucumbers should be prepared in advance. The crop is heat-loving, so the basis of the bed should be fresh manure. Then you should pour fertile soil, make holes and transfer the plants, being careful not to damage the roots. Warmth comes from the manure, which will allow the root system to gain strength and the cucumbers will grow faster.

Vegetable crops require light, warmth and moisture, but the plants need to be watered only with warm water.

A common mistake made by vegetable growers is to thicken the plantings. The distance in the row between plants should be about half a meter, and 60 centimeters between rows.

It is better to sow fresh seeds, as last year’s seeds produce male flowers, which do not produce ovaries.

Watermelon

It is impossible to predict what kind of summer awaits us: hot or cold. But you can experiment with planting watermelons. You just need to grow them seedling method. Replant in a greenhouse or open ground. When the plant grows and produces lashes, they should be shortened, leaving one ovary on the plant. Thus, all the necessary substances will reach the growing fetus, and it will be possible to obtain sweet watermelon. One more nuance. The root system of the plant is very vulnerable, so you need to remove weeds carefully, trying not to damage it. Many vegetable growers advise not to pull out weeds with roots, but only to tear them off. It looks untidy, but the harvest is good.

Carrot

The culture loves good light, so the beds should be located in a bright place. The soil is loose, sandy loam. For root crops to grow, there must be enough space, so after the seeds germinate, you need to thin out the plantings, focusing on the distance between vegetables of 4 cm, between their rows - 15 cm. When they thicken, the root crops turn out ugly and small.

Salad

The culture is cold-resistant, so it is not afraid of night frosts. Sow the seeds in well-fertilized soil. When watering plants, you should not get it on the leaves; you need to add it to the roots. When sowing small seeds, they can be mixed with fine sand and buried 1 cm into the soil. There should be a distance of 8 cm between plants, and 15 cm between rows. Over time, the leaves become coarser and become unsuitable for food, so they need to be picked when they are tender. It is better to grow varieties of head lettuce using seedlings.

Beans and peas

Warm-loving crops should be planted in the garden in May. Tall varieties of peas will need a lot of space, so the distance between rows should be 0.5 m. Before planting legumes It is recommended to soak the seeds.

Spring work in the garden and vegetable garden requires patience and hard work from the summer resident. If all the work is done in a timely manner, you can provide yourself with a supply of vitamins and the joy of contemplating beauty for the whole year.

IN agriculture Caring for crops is an almost continuous process.

Winter crops require special care:

Stones that have been squeezed to the surface by frost are being removed from the fields;

loosening of a strong crust on the surface of the earth. This will provide the necessary air exchange for the seeds;

removal of stagnant water from fields. Excess moisture is detrimental to many crops; it leads to rotting of the root system and can significantly reduce crop yields;

cleaning vacant land areas from moss, shrubs, alluvial sand.

The growing season of winter crops begins in the first ten days of April; fertilizing must be carried out in the second ten days, ensuring a sufficient supply of nitrogen. It is necessary for correct formation spikelets (this process occurs very quickly). If there is a lack of nitrogen in the soil, the ear will remain an underdeveloped tubercle and die. The second feeding is carried out two to three weeks after the first, in small doses. It is at this time that an active accumulation of vegetative mass occurs and a threat to the proper formation of the ear again arises.

In order to ensure decent harvest spring crops, it is necessary to begin preparatory work:

first of all, replenishment of mineral and organic matter in the soil, fertilizing the soil with manure (amending previously imported and bringing in new);
carrying out measures aimed at preparing fields for sowing;
cleaning, sorting seeds for sowing;
soil sowing;
fields that were fallow are being taken up (they were not sown last season);
plowing in brought manure;
comprehensive measures aimed at exterminating pests: slugs, beet beetles and others.

Simultaneously with these works, others are carried out, familiar to every gardener and gardener:

fertile soils are developed and subsequently fertilized;
in greenhouses, greenhouses, open beds sowing seedlings;
disembark seed plants, tubers;
catch heaps are arranged (for the larvae of the cockchafer).

Before the start of sowing, it is necessary to repair agricultural equipment and conduct a technical inspection. This applies, first of all, to soil cultivation and sowing equipment. The speed and productivity of the planned work depends on how ready the equipment fleet is.

Along with winter and spring crops, other agricultural crops are sown: various varieties cabbage, beets, corn.

In the spring, fields are also sown with crops for further plowing: green manure. They are grown to further enrich the soil minerals, organic matter, nitrogen. Green manure plants improve the structure of the soil, have a sanitary effect on the soil, shade it, and attract beneficial insects(pollinators). Such plants include representatives of the legume, cruciferous, cereal, buckwheat, and Asteraceae families.

The volume of work in the fields in the spring is very large and varied, but the success of the entire enterprise depends on how competently and timely it is completed.