Spring work in the field and vegetable garden. Features of spring sowing of some vegetable crops

Spring has come. The first warm ones Sun rays give us joy and awaken us from hibernation first spring flowers, the buds on the trees begin to swell. It’s time to get out of our apartments and go to the dacha, put everything in order so that it will delight us with its colorful flowers and fruits.

What to do at your summer cottage in March?

When we arrive at the dacha, the first thing we do is clean the area, since old leaves could have remained from the fall, and dust and debris have accumulated over the winter.

Inspect your buildings, maybe they require some repairs. It's time to do some spring cleaning country house. Decide what needs to be painted and whitewashed. Buy the necessary products and put your dacha in order.

Also worry about inventory. Look, maybe something is broken, you need to fix it or buy new tools for the garden. When checking, please note that every dacha must have the following tools: shovel, rake, buckets, hoes, pruning shears, axe.

Also, when arriving at the dacha, keep in mind that you will need things for work. What clothes you will wear is up to you, but spring period it must be warm, since the warmth outside is deceptive. Make sure that things cover your back, because when you bend over, your back may be exposed, and this will lead to illness.

Also buy yourself gloves for working on the site, preferably several pairs. Please note that shoes should be warm and comfortable. Bring it to the dacha rubber boots, you will need them for work at the dacha in the spring, as well as in the summer after heavy rain.

Also, be sure to bring personal hygiene products: soap to wash your hands and be sure to take hand cream, since the skin of your hands quickly becomes chapped when working at your dacha and requires increased care.

Decide where and what you will plant. Prepare the area for planting. Maybe somewhere you need to dig up the ground or break up large pieces of earth.

Before planting seedlings, the seeds need to be treated. To do this, sort out the seeds, that is, choose the largest and healthiest ones. Warm them up on a heater for several hours. Add 1 tbsp to a glass of water. spoon of salt and put the seeds there, the bad seeds will float to the top, remove them. Next, place the seeds in cheesecloth on a sprouting plate. The seeds also need to be hardened by placing them in the refrigerator for several hours. Your seeds are now ready to plant. You plant them in a greenhouse or greenhouse, or in wooden boxes You collect soil in advance, dry it, and sow seeds there. Then place the boxes in a warm room on the window so that they receive sunlight.

Also in March, using the same principle, you can already prepare annual flowers, such as asters, petunia, marigolds, for their future planting in open ground. The soil must first be fertilized. It is better to fertilize it in March, when the ground is still frozen.

If you grow dahlias, begonias, and gladioli on your site, then in March it’s time to take them out to a warm, bright place, check all the roots, sort out the damaged ones, and plant them in prepared soil in boxes for germination and future replanting. open ground.

In March, you must have time to sow seeds, repair and remove outbuildings, repair equipment, prepare and fertilize the land.

Classes for April

The earth has already warmed up a little by the rays of the sun, but not yet enough to begin planting work. But by mid-April, you can already begin to set up greenhouses or greenhouses for sowing seeds and planting seedlings from boxes.

If you grow vegetables, then make a greenhouse. It must stand for several days under a closed film so that the earth warms up in it. Next, you can plant the seeds for seedlings.

In April, you need to tidy up the trees and shrubs, since they have not yet awakened from winter, and you will not harm them. Look through all your yard trees and shrubs. Trim dry branches, cut through the crown with pruners, and remove branches growing inside the crown. Also, in order to neutralize your trees from insects, you need to treat the trunks with special preparations.

April good month for planting trees. If you decide to update your garden, April is the month when you can plant them, and shrubs are also planted.

Along with this, in April, strawberries and raspberries are prepared for the summer season. All strawberries need to be checked, excess tendrils removed, and thinned out. Remove dry stems from the raspberry garden and thin out if the raspberries are growing thickly.

Dacha work action plan for May

Check the currants to ensure they are free of mites. Buds that have mites are different from other buds - larger size. Collect them and burn them; under no circumstances throw such buds onto the land or into compost. When the currants begin to bloom, make sure there are no dirty pink flowers. If you find such inflorescences, be sure to dig up and burn the bush, as this disease quickly spreads through the plants and all bushes will die completely.

Seedlings in greenhouses and greenhouses also require inspection; if upon inspection you see that the leaves are curled down, or strongly convex spaces on the leaves, this means that there are spider mites on the seedlings. Please note that aphids may appear on peppers. If the seedlings are damaged, treat them with biological preparations against mites and aphids.

In May you also need to feed the seedlings if the seedlings have lethargic look and its leaves turn yellow - feed it by special means.

In mid-May you can start planting seedlings on the ground. Before planting, prepare the place and holes for seedlings, pour water into it. Since in summer moisture quickly erodes and leaves the soil, in order to water the plants less often and the moisture remains longer, you need to mulch the soil. To do this, use high peat, or you can lay it with dry grass, or even newspaper. Keep in mind that tomatoes will like this coating, as they grow better (if moisture goes deeper, their root system improves). Eggplants and peppers do not like this technology; they need daily watering, but moderate, since they grow better when the soil surface is moist.

It's also time to plant in the ground. annual plants: parsley and dill. Be sure to water the seedlings before planting so as not to disturb the root system.

It is best to plant potatoes at the moment when the bird cherry blossoms. Before planting, potatoes need to be prepared two weeks in advance: sorted and placed in a warm place for germination. When planting, keep in mind that the ground should already be 12-15 degrees. Do not plant potatoes deep, about half a spade deep. When planting, you can immediately fertilize the potatoes by placing them in the hole. wood ash, or straw, which will provide warmth and fertilizer to the potatoes throughout the spring.

This is how you need to treat trees and shrubs against pests. Spraying against pests should be done at the beginning of flowering and repeated after two weeks.

May is also a good month for tree grafting. If you planned to graft trees, do it in May. When grafting, make sure that the moon is not growing, as the trees come under the influence of the moon. When the moon grows, the sap in the trees is more in the branches; when the moon decreases, the sap comes to the root system.

Ants are also the main pest of gardens and vegetable gardens. If you find ants on the bushes, place a rag soaked in kerosene next to the bush, this smell will drive the ants away from the bush. How to remove an anthill? You can treat it with special anti-ant agents, preferably those that are added to ant food. Since the ant shares its food with all the ants, it will not only die itself, but also its fellows.

Let's talk about working in the garden

1. Feed the plants. Even if the soil is good and fertile, be sure to feed the trees and shrubs. Fertilizer consists of a mixture of growth nutrients: potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus promotes the growth of the root system and shoots, nitrogen is responsible for the richness of greenery, potassium is important for the formation of flowers and fruits. When fertilizing plants, it is better to use a complex content of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. They are sold in gardening stores and are usually distributed in granules. Scatter this fertilizer near the plants during the period when there is still snow or when it melts, thanks to this it will flow smoothly into the ground. nutritional elements.


2. Weed removal. Don't forget that many weeds grow faster than cultivated plants. Be sure to water the area, but be careful if you have perennial plants that have not yet sprouted. Better weed do it with your hands to pull out the weeds by the roots so they don’t grow back. If you have a place where there is no perennial plants, then you can treat it with weed killers.


3. Mulch the soil. When planting plants, mulch the soil. Can be used for mulching different types mulching: from old leaves or straw. The main thing is that the layer should be thick, about ten centimeters, so that it is not blown away by rain and wind. Mulching will help the soil retain moisture better and create cool conditions for plant roots in the summer.


4. Check the soil for empty seats. In spring, you can immediately see in which places the plants died after winter. It is possible to decide what can be planted in empty spaces. Or make compositions of annual flowers in combination with perennial flowers.


5. You also need to clear paths and paths of leaves and moss remaining from last year. It is advisable to wash the paths with water from a hose or a wire brush.


6. Check the flowerpots; they may have been slightly damaged over the winter. Seal the cracks with external putty. Next, you need to replace the soil in the flowerpots with new one. If a perennial plant overwintered there, you need to pull it out and dry the roots a little, since after winter a lot of water forms in the flowerpot.


7. If there is a pond or swimming pool on the territory of your dacha, be sure to clean it and check the serviceability of the water supply and drainage equipment, and especially the filters.

Long before the arrival of spring, summer residents are thinking about how to plan their activities for this difficult time. After all, even before the end of frost and before the onset of persistent warmth, you need to do a lot of things in the garden and in the vegetable garden, prepare the soil for growing crops and the plants for the new life cycle. And in order for this process to be successful, you need to schedule all your upcoming classes in advance, adjusted for the time of year and the type of tasks that can be accomplished. So, the topic of our conversation today will be spring work in the garden and vegetable garden; let’s look at the calendar of spring work in the garden and vegetable garden.

Spring work in the garden and garden

Spring work in the garden

Spring is characterized by a constant alternation of frosts and thaws. And such temperature fluctuations are very dangerous for plants. After all, the melted snow is again covered with a crust of ice, which is why the root system and lawn grasses Sufficient air supply stops. This is fraught with growth disturbances and even death of many plants. That is why the resulting ice crust must be broken as it forms.

It is also a good idea to remove snow from the treetops. After all, March snow picks up moisture during the thaw, which increases its weight by an order of magnitude and can lead to broken branches.

In spring, rodents become especially active, having become hungry after a long and cold winter. That is why it is worth periodically trampling snow near tree trunks, this will prevent damage to the bark.

With the beginning of spring, coniferous trees that are located in open areas garden plot, may be subject to sunburn. If you tied the bark of conifers with twine before severe frosts, wrap them in burlap or some other covering material that protects from ultraviolet radiation. You can also use protective screens– they will create a shadow. Such shelters must be removed after the snow has cleared.

Too sharp an increase in air temperature in the spring before the ground thaws can also harm coniferous trees. After all, at this stage the needles begin to actively release oxygen, while the roots cannot provide the plants with enough moisture. Conifers suffer from dehydration. To preserve plants, it is advisable to water them with warm water immediately after the snow melts.

Bright spring sun Can also harm fruit trees. If you did not whiten the trees in the fall and did not renew the whitewash in February, you should wrap the trunks higher with light-colored paper or newspapers. Such dressings must be removed from the beginning of April. And after the snow melts and the temperature rises (up to +5C or more), renew the whitewash. It is advisable to carry out this manipulation before the leaves bloom.

After warm days arrive, but the snow has not yet completely melted, you can begin pruning the trees in the garden. Of course, you need to cope with such an activity before the sap flow begins. Carry out pruning in the morning, but remember that you cannot thin out a very thick crown at once. This activity should take you two to three years. Otherwise, the trees will be greatly weakened due to numerous wounds. Start working with large branches.

While there is still a lot of snow on the site, store it in different containers. This will come in handy when planting in greenhouses or garden beds.

After the snow melts, start mulching tree trunk circles trees, as well as shrubs and perennial crops. Create beauty around! Worth using fresh compost, sawdust, bark, wood chips, straw, rotted leaves or covering fabric.

In addition, immediately after the snow melts, young seedlings should be planted. Planting should be done while such plants are at rest; there should be no buds on them.

As soon as sap flow begins, graft the trees with previously prepared cuttings for grafting.

Be sure to clean containers, flowerpots, and flower pots. Restore their integrity and treat with herbicides.

Towards the end of March (depending on the weather) you should begin to ventilate roses covered for the winter and others heat-loving plants(rhododendrons, hydrangeas, etc.). It is best to ventilate them in sunny weather, when the temperature rises above zero. Such measures will provide the plants with access to oxygen, prevent the accumulation of condensation, and accustom the plants to warmth.

Be sure to take care of draining melt water from the lowlands of the garden, if necessary. After all, there is practically no oxygen in such water, and due to its stagnation, the roots different trees may suffocate.

If the snow melts particularly actively in areas, beds with plants planted before winter may be exposed (perennial plants may also be damaged). To prevent them from freezing, it is quite possible to sprinkle the beds with peat crumbs or cover them with film.

After the layer of snow thins or completely melts, release the daffodils and lilies from the shelter. They will cope well with light frosts.

After the average daily temperature reaches five degrees above zero, it is worth carrying out the first spraying of the trees in the garden against pests and various ailments. Before the buds bloom, you should start treating the trees with insecticides. Such activities will help cope with eggs overwintering on the bark. apple sucker, scale insects, various aphids, fruit mites, leaf rollers and caterpillars apple moth.

In April, you should definitely treat the bushes, as well as. The bushes need to be equipped with supports as needed, and the raspberries need to be tied up.

In March or April it is necessary to start fertilizing the soil. The most commonly used are potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. They can be purchased in the form of granules (Nitroammofoska or Azofoska), combined with water, or simply scattered over the soil along with melting snow.

Spring work in the garden

You need to prepare for work in the garden from February. It is in this month that you should start preparing the seeds. Sort them out and leave them warm. Soon you will need to start planting seedlings.

In the southern territories, already in the month of February, you need to start freeing up space on the site for planting various cold-resistant crops, represented by parsley, dill, onions, radishes and peas. You can easily clear the snow yourself small area garden intended for such crops, so the soil will thaw and warm up much faster.

In the last month of winter, it is worth starting to build a greenhouse. Of course, it’s too early to sow the seeds of tomatoes and peppers; you can only start sowing early cabbage. In any case, the greenhouse should be prepared in advance, so the soil underneath will have time to warm up.

It is also worthwhile to start planting seedlings; another two months should pass before they are planted in the soil.

With the arrival of spring comes the busiest time to work in the garden. As the snow melts, it is necessary to thoroughly clean up - remove winter debris from the beds. It is extremely important to get rid of insects and larvae on the ground. The banal removal of all living things in the beds will help you reduce the number of pests by an order of magnitude. If you find that weeds have hatched in your area, remove them from the moist soil.

In the spring it is also necessary to start applying organic fertilizers. Even before the start spring planting it is necessary to saturate the soil with a sufficient amount nutrients. For this purpose, it is necessary to use ready-made compost; you can also stock up on purchased peat or rotted manure (humus).

If the soil in your garden is heavy, you need to add coarse sand and/or fine gravel. This measure will help moisture stay in the soil for a long time, and nutrients on the surface of the beds.

An important event loosening the soil in the beds is also considered. According to experts, constantly digging up the soil in the garden does not bring any benefit; such a measure significantly disrupts the structure of the earth and leads to the fact that nutrients go deep into the soil. At the same time, loosening to a shallow depth (about ten centimeters) will be a wonderful way to prepare the soil for upcoming planting work. After all, loose soil is porous and granular, thanks to which plant roots feel great, actively gain strength and grow.

In the spring, you also need to start inspecting your lawns after winter. All last year's grass should be removed with a rake, and potholes should be filled with earth, mixed with sand (in equal proportions). The entire surface of lawns must be sprinkled with fine sand, and it is also important to level the surface. Fresh seeds should be planted on any bald spots. lawn mixture.

After the snow melts and warm days set in, you should start sowing cold-resistant plants, including onions, parsley, and dill. Towards the end of March you can also sow beets. In the south, radishes are already being planted at this time. But such areas must be covered with a dark film, so that weak shoots will not freeze, and the soil will be able to warm up under the sun.

Closer to April, it is worth getting potato tubers out of the basement; they should have time to sprout.

Create a rough diagram of the beds for planting. If your site is uneven, you need to arrange the rows so that they extend across the slope. In order to get perfectly even beds, stretch the string on the pegs or draw grooves with a special marker. It should be noted that in swampy areas it is necessary to make the beds higher, and in dry areas – lower.

Towards the end of April it is necessary to start planting mid-season varieties cabbage, as well as tarragon and onions for sets and turnips. Just at this time, crops are planted, represented by anise, peas, common beans, mustard, parsnips, radishes, table turnips, coriander, chicory root, asparagus, spinach, etc.

In April, it is necessary to care for the growing seedlings. And in greenhouses, as well as in greenhouses, you can plant tomatoes and cucumbers. Closer to May, it is worth planting prepared tubers in the ground. early potatoes.

In the last month of spring, you should start mass planting the remaining seeds, as well as seedlings. The seedlings must first be hardened off, the boxes must be removed from warm window sills and placed temporarily on a glassed-in balcony. The period of exposure to cool air should be gradually increased.

Gardeners who planted cold-resistant plants in March can begin harvesting the first harvests of radishes and herbs (dill, parsley and onions).
In May, it is necessary to start planting cabbage seedlings in open ground; you should also sow radishes to obtain a second harvest and plant mid-late varieties of potatoes.
In the south, it is recommended to plant grown tomato seedlings in open ground at the beginning of May; as for central Russia, it is better not to rush with this process. Cover the seedlings with film until the middle of the month. Don't forget to provide support for tall varieties of tomatoes, plant them near the fence or prepare special pegs and stretch the wire.

By May, you should also start thinning out the carrots and beets that have already sprouted. And closer to the middle or the end of the month, it is advisable to plant seedlings of sweet peppers and eggplants.

It is worth noting that by the end of May, drought may begin in many areas. In such conditions, planted plants will need regular watering. Install an irrigation system on your site, for example, drip irrigation.

Don't get carried away mineral fertilizer plants, it is much better to underfeed them or overfeed them. So, if you added fertilizers when digging your garden, you don’t need to feed the crops additionally when planting seedlings.

Here is a calendar of spring work in the garden and garden, such work on the ground. Spring time requires a lot of effort from gardeners and gardeners. But if you plan this period correctly, the results will definitely please you.

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A garden plot needs care almost all year round: spring is the time to emerge from hibernation and prepare the land and plants for a new harvest year. Summer is the time to care for plants. Autumn is the time to harvest and prepare the land and garden for the harsh winter. Only in winter does an avid summer resident get a break, and even at this time personal plot needs some supervision.

Spring is the time for nature to awaken after the cold, to prepare the land and garden for a new harvest. But in spring the weather is so capricious and unpredictable that before starting work in the garden and on the ground, you should navigate the first spring month not by dates, but by weather conditions.

March

In March, snow and frost most often hinder the start of home garden work. But even at this time, you can find something to do that will help improve the appearance of the site, help the trees and shrubs, and prepare the land.

Garden care in March

If the first month of spring is rich in snow, you should try to protect fruit plants from damage by shaking snow from the crowns. Due to alternating frosts and thaws, the snow becomes heavy and sticky, which can break off fragile tree branches.

Spring is a difficult time for hares and small rodents, so it is advisable to check the integrity of the bark of young fruit-bearing trees. If there is a lot of snow near the trunks, it is advisable to clear it so that animals do not get to the branches.

Caring for coniferous trees

In spring the sun is quite bright and the sun's rays can damage the crowns coniferous trees, especially if there is snow on the ground that reflects the light. If young trees are located on open areas, then it is advisable to shelter their branches from scorching ultraviolet radiation. Crowns tied with twine can be covered with burlap or old bedspreads. For small trees, you can build special shields. When the snow melts, the protection can be removed.

Fruit tree care

If tree trunks are not whitewashed in autumn or winter, this must be done in early spring. Alternatively, you can wrap the trunks with light paper. This will protect the bark from sunburn. Whitewashing will protect the plant bark from pests that will definitely appear with the onset of warm weather.

Before the snow melts, you should start pruning the branches of fruit trees. This will help not only remove excess shoots, but also correctly form the height and shape of the crown.

Worth knowing!!! The crown needs to be formed every few years. Annual pruning of branches can weaken the tree and lead to reduced yield.

Video - How to properly trim the crowns of fruit trees

When the air temperature rises above 5-6 degrees, you should spray the branches of fruit trees special insecticides against pests and diseases. It is important to do this before the first leaves appear.

If a lot of snow accumulated in the garden over the winter and it began to actively melt in March, you should not allow water to stagnate on the ground. Using small ditches dug in the ground, it is necessary to ensure the outflow of water from the site. Otherwise, tree roots in a flooded area cannot “breathe.”

IN sunny days you can begin to open the shoots of roses and other heat-loving flowers to prevent condensation from accumulating under the film and “harden” the plants.

Towards the end of March, daffodil and lily bulbs can be freed from covering materials. These flowers are not afraid of night frosts.

The liberation of the land and garden from snow cover should be marked by a thorough cleaning. You should remove old leaves and broken branches from the ground, sweep garden paths, clean them of moss. You can also inspect garden furniture, repair or paint benches.

Garden work in March means sowing tomato and pepper seeds for seedlings. Seedlings are grown in special containers at home, on windowsills.

Video - How to properly grow tomato seedlings at home

April

This month, much attention is paid to preparing the land for planting, and April is the most labor-intensive and eventful month for summer residents.

Work on the ground

April is the time to work with the earth. But before you start digging up your garden, you should know some farming tricks.

What crops are sown in April

If you plan to plant potatoes, then in early April you should sort out the tubers for planting, placing them in a well-ventilated and illuminated place for vernalization. Potatoes should not be exposed to direct sunlight.

If winter garlic and onions were sown for the winter, you should remove the mulched layer, loosen and fertilize the soil with the crops.

In April, it is necessary to prepare the greenhouses for new plantings. In addition to digging and fertilizing, the soil should be disinfected. For these purposes, 3% is used Bordeaux mixture. It is also recommended to wash the glass or plastic in the greenhouse to improve the light transmission of the material.

April work in the garden

At the beginning of the month, you need to fertilize the root system of fruit trees and shrubs.

In April, after the snow has melted, you need to remove all the bindings from the trees, remove the protective spruce branches and sun shields.

If the soil is too wet, you should not trample near the roots of trees, this will worsen their nutrition and oxygen saturation.

In the middle of the month, you can begin to renew the garden by planting seedlings of trees or shrubs in holes prepared in advance and fertilized with organic matter and ash. Seedlings must be tied up.

You need to carefully inspect all trees and shrubs to make sure that no pests have appeared on the bark or branches. Also, for preventive purposes, it is necessary to treat plant trunks with a solution of copper sulfate.

As the weather warms up, you can start working on strawberries. The mulch should be removed, loosened and fertilized the soil around the shoots.

May

Work in the garden

May is a month of unstable weather: warm during the day and freezing at night. It is the night frosts in May that can destroy the entire crop if measures are not taken. Also in May, all plants and crops are planted in beds and greenhouses, so the month is very busy for summer residents and gardeners.

In the last month of spring, you need to try to finally form the beds. Cabbage is planted in open ground, sorrel, onions, carrots are sown, aromatic herbs and spices.

All carrot and beet seedlings should be thinned out and fed. It is recommended to water the sprouts after 3-4 days. Weeding should be done carefully, as the sprouts vegetable crops They are still very weak and easy to damage.

Onion crops are thinned out and fed with a mixture of mullein, potassium salt and phosphate fertilizers. It is best to combine fertilizing with watering. To ensure that the plants receive enough oxygen, you need to periodically loosen the soil near the rows of bulbs.

Don't forget about garlic. The beds with this crop need to be watered frequently and thoroughly, otherwise, without water, the garlic begins to shrink. In mid-May, you need to carefully remove the shoots, otherwise these sprouts will take on most of the nutrients.

In mid-May, you can plant seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants in a greenhouse or open ground, under a film.

Folk calendar for sowing plants in open ground

Potatoes are planted in May. Early varieties It is customary to sow at the beginning of the month, late ones - in the middle or at the end of May.

It is important to know!!! Fragile and tender sprouts garden crops need increased feeding and watering. Especially do not forget about those plants that are planted in greenhouses. You should also spray the seedlings with pest control agents in a timely manner.

May work in the garden

If a lawn is planted on the site, then in May you should start cutting the grass. While the ground is wet, you shouldn’t trample on the lawn a lot, otherwise “bald spots” will appear on it. During the mowing process, it is important to remove any emerging weeds.

During the flowering period of fruit trees, gardeners should be wary of night frosts, because flowers damaged by frost do not produce ovaries. To preserve the harvest, you can try to protect the trees from the effects of cold. For these purposes, smoke bombs or small portable barbecues are used, in which the fire should be maintained all night.

After the buds appear fruit trees, care must be taken to ensure that pests do not destroy future harvest. To prevent and destroy apple blossom beetles, mites, moths, aphids, and apple worms, you need to prepare next mixture: 60 grams of karbofos, 80 grams of copper oxychloride and 40 grams of chlorophos are diluted into 20 liters of water. These substances can be purchased in specialized stores. The resulting mixture is sprayed onto the crowns and branches of all existing trees and shrubs in the garden. If primary processing did not help, you can repeat the procedure before the flowering of fruit-bearing trees and shrubs begins.

With the appearance of the first leaves on the trees, you can see which branches were damaged by winter frosts. Dead branches need to be cut off; it is recommended to cover the cut areas with regular oil paint.

At the beginning of May, you need to work with the garden raspberries. Shoots that bend to the ground for the winter need to be straightened and tied to a trellis or fence. It is recommended to cut off damaged branches at the root; other shoots should be cut at the first formed bud. Raspberries need to be fed; organic fertilizers are suitable for this purpose. Fertilizing can be combined with watering.

It is important to inspect all the gooseberry and blackcurrant bushes on the site. During the period of flowering and formation of ovaries, these crops are a real treat for ants. To preserve the harvest, you should soak a piece of cloth in kerosene and place it at the roots of the bushes. You should not pour kerosene into the ground, as this can have a detrimental effect on the plants.

It is important to know!!! If the blackcurrant shows signs of terry growth during the flowering period, the bush should be uprooted immediately, otherwise there is a risk of infecting all the plants in the garden. Terry disease caused by aphids and kidney mite, is not cured.

In order for your garden and vegetable garden to delight you with a rich harvest, you need to pay attention to the planted plants every day throughout the entire gardening period.

With the onset of spring, nature wakes up and the time to work in summer cottages and in the garden begins.

With the arrival of spring, nature comes to life

March is the first month of spring and in some regions it may still be frosty for planting to begin. But you can now start cleaning garden area and vegetable garden.

Preparing for the season in March

Spring work in the garden begins with cleaning. It is necessary to remove the entire area from autumn debris and accumulated winter period litter - branches, leaves, grass residues, etc. It is worth taking this event responsibly, since uncollected windfall and other winter debris spoils the impression of appearance site, in piles of such garbage a favorable environment is created for various pests. During the process of clearing the land, remove all weeds remaining from the fall. Now they are easily pulled out along with the root system.

We clean up leaves and grass if we haven’t done it in the fall.

Then you should carefully examine garden buildings and determine the need for repairs. Not prevent spring-cleaning garden house– something needs painting, something needs whitewashing. In other words, both the garden area and the house itself must be put in order.

Inspect the tools: clean, lubricate, sharpen

Conduct an audit garden tools. Some of them probably need sharpening or repair, and some inventory items can already be completely replaced. Pay attention to clothes designed for work in the garden. There is no specific set, it all depends on the local climatic conditions region. Make sure you have clothes that you can work in in hot weather, in rain, and in windy, cool weather. Don't forget about shoes and gloves.

Work directly on the ground

Spring gardening should begin with planning what will be planted and where. Please note that the planting sites for some garden crops must be periodically alternated. Decide on sunny sides gardens and those that are in the shade almost all day. Trim trees and shrubs surrounding the area.

We prune trees and shrubs if we haven’t done it in the fall.

Plants should be fertilized. This must be done even if the soil is fertile. You need to fertilize the soil with a mixture of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. They influence the growth of roots and shoots and are responsible for the formation of good inflorescences and fruits. Such fertilizers can be applied while there is snow on the ground. When it finally melts, nutrients will enter the soil along with moisture.

It is important to properly prepare the designated areas of the field for planting seeds. If necessary, dig up the earth, crush large pieces into small earthen clods, etc.

Dig up the ground if you didn’t do it in the fall and mark out the beds, don’t forget about crop rotation

Assess the quality of the land. In the case when it is heavy, you need to add fine gravel and coarse sand to the soil to increase airiness. In such soil, water will not accumulate near the root system and will not cause its rotting process. And, conversely, if the soil is too crumbly, it is necessary to add some clay-containing soil to it to retain nutrients and moisture.

Fertilize the soil with fertilizers better in autumn before plowing. In spring, apply 1/3 of the recommended dose

When loosening the soil, remember that you don’t need to dig it up often, because... useful material at the same time they go deep into the soil. When digging, the soil structure itself suffers. If loosening is required, it should be done to a depth of no more than 10 cm.

Working with seeds

Before planting seeds, they must be prepared for this. The seeds of each plant are prepared differently, but there are general rules. It is necessary to sort through them and select large ones, without signs of damage or disease, physical damage. In order to separate bad seeds from good ones, you need to heat them on the stove for 2-3 hours. Then in a glass with a solution of 1 tbsp. Drop the heated seeds with a spoon of salt and water. Poor quality ones will float and can be thrown away.

Rejecting seeds before planting

The rest must be placed in cheesecloth before germination. Don't forget about hardening the seeds. To do this, they need to be placed in the refrigerator for several hours. After the seeds germinate, they can be planted in pre-prepared boxes, a greenhouse or greenhouse. The main condition that must be observed in this case is to get onto future shoots as much as possible. more sunlight.

Using the same principle, seeds of annual flowers are prepared for future planting in open land. By the way, the area of ​​the field intended for planting flowers also needs to be prepared - apply fertilizer, preferably in the first month of spring, before the ground has completely thawed. The same rule is true for other areas of the garden intended for growing vegetable and garden crops.

Things to do in April

This month, spring work in the garden becomes more intense. If roses or grapes were covered in the fall, the coverings can now be removed. If the area of ​​the field has not yet warmed up and it is too early to carry out planting work, it is time to start setting up greenhouses or greenhouse structures. Before planting seeds, make sure that the greenhouse in the garden stands on the ground with a closed film for some time. This is necessary to warm the soil in the greenhouse.

In April we install greenhouses and greenhouses, plant seedlings

It is also worth paying attention to fruit and berry plantings. It is necessary to trim dry branches, thin out young shoots, and eliminate those branches that grow inside the crown. In order to prevent damage to trees by pests, it is necessary to treat the stem parts with special preparations. Second month of spring - optimal time for planting new trees and shrubs.

April is the time to plant trees and shrubs

At the same time, strawberries and raspberries are prepared. Dried stems of raspberries are cut out and, if necessary, thinned out. In the strawberry bed, excess tendrils are trimmed and thinning is also carried out.

Garden work in May

May days are the most troublesome and time-consuming days in the garden. And in the same month, numerous pests appear and come to life. That is why it is worth checking the fruit and berry plantings. Inspect the currants for mites. Carefully examine the buds - their large size indicates that they may contain a tick. They must be collected and burned; they cannot simply be thrown away. When the currants bloom, make sure that there are no inflorescences of a dirty pink hue. If they are found, you need to dig up such a bush and burn it.

Active planting of beds begins in May

Inspect seedlings in greenhouses and greenhouses. A sign of her defeat spider mite are the leaflets curling down or the presence of convex spaces on them. If an infestation by mites or aphids is detected, it is necessary to treat with biological products against these pests.

We remove old strawberry leaves and thin out all the remaining berries, if you didn’t do this in the fall, or just dig up the ground

If the seedlings are lethargic, with leaves beginning to turn yellow, then you should feed them. In May, depending on weather conditions and the degree of soil warming, seedlings need to be planted. Why first prepare the place - make a hole, pour water into it. It is best to pre-mulch the soil using peat or dry grass. Pay attention to the thickness of the mulching layer; it should be at least 10 cm to prevent it from being blown away by the wind or washed away by rain. Mulching the soil is done to retain moisture and create a comfortable, cool atmosphere in hot weather. This technology does not apply to eggplant and pepper seedlings.

We remove the first weeds

Remove any emerging weeds. When weeding an area with perennial plants, be careful. In order to remove weeds along with the roots, it is best to weed with your hands. Those areas that do not have perennial plants can be treated with special weed control agents.

Planting potatoes

The most favorable time for planting potatoes - the bird cherry flowering period. The soil temperature should be around +12 0 C +15 0 C. Potatoes need to be prepared for planting. Remove tubers that have not sprouted, are rotten or have any other defects. Place the selected potatoes in a warm place to increase the intensity of germination. The potato planting depth should be half the length of a standard shovel. When planting potatoes, you can immediately add fertilizer to the soil - ash or straw.

Preparing trees and shrubs: protecting them from pests

Fruit and berry trees and shrubs should also be treated. Spraying against pests should be carried out at the beginning of the flowering period, then sprayed again after 14 days.

We graft trees

If you were planning to graft trees, now is the time to do it. There is only one limitation - you cannot vaccinate during the waxing phase of the moon. This is due to the fact that during this period most of the sap is in the branches of trees, and during the waning moon - in the root system.

Work in the garden does not end there, of course, but if you do all the basic types of work, you can be sure that in the fall you will be able to harvest good harvest.

Spring is the period of nature's rebirth from winter hibernation. Everyone is looking forward to her arrival, the appearance of the first emerald greenery on the sun-warmed earth, trees and bushes, the fresh aromas of foliage and the first flowers. For summer residents, this is also the need to prepare their land plots to planting, so it is wrong to say that there is less work in the garden in spring than in autumn. Now you can see this for yourself.

Stages of spring gardening

This article is a small approximate instruction for the step-by-step implementation of spring events that guarantee favorable conditions plant life of the garden. Adapt it to specific situation in your region, and you will be able to exploit your land most efficiently.

Attention!
The start date for spring work depends on climate zone, in which it is located country cottage area with an eye to weather current season.

March

Work in the garden in early spring, this is the time when the snow begins to melt.

At this stage, the main tasks of the gardener are:

• Try to slow down the flow of melt water from a sloped area as much as possible.. To do this, it is necessary to arrange windrows and furrows located along the slopes along the entire height.
• In low-lying areas opposite, we clean existing drainage ditches and organize new ones.
• It is better to free young trees from snow that has dusted their crowns, since when melting, the resulting crust can harm them.
• Crusts of snow under are loosened using a fork or sprinkled with peat, which speeds up the melting.

For your information!
Many people mistakenly believe that slowing down the melting of snow crust under trees improves the situation.
Not at all, this can only do harm, since the tree crowns, heated by the sun, wake up and require moisture and nutrition from the root system.
But this is difficult, since the ground is still frozen.

In March, you need to make sure how well the trees overwintered. This can be checked in areas that appear visually damaged by making a shallow longitudinal incision. If no blackness is found at the cut site, its shade is close to light green, then everything is in order, wintering was successful.

At the very beginning of spring there is a danger for trees to get sunburn on the trunks and at the base of the branches. This phenomenon is possible due to the sharp difference between day and night temperatures at this time; whitewashing the trunks and forks of branches will help to avoid such damage.

March ends with pest control by spraying with a solution of copper sulfate.

April

Basic gardening work In the spring this month the following should be done to bud swelling:

• Dry, inanimate branches are pruned on all sides. The bark around the kidneys is removed.

• Cleaning of the soil surface in the garden continues. All excess is raked from the dried earth and burned.
• Next, cleansing and treatment work is carried out:
  • If trees or bushes in the garden were previously susceptible to aphids, mites, psyllids or copperheads, they are sprayed with nitrophen just before the buds swell.
  • If there are gnawed areas, hollows and wounds on the trunks and branches of plants, they must first be cleared, then disinfected and covered with petrolatum (garden pitch).
  • Detected egg-laying ringed silkworms are removed along with the branches.

After the completion of preventive pest control measures, it is time to feed the plants:

• To stimulate active growth and development of shoots on pome trees, 1/2 of the annual norm of nitrogen-containing fertilizers is applied in April.
• After fertilizing the soil under the trees at the end of April with organic, phosphorus and potassium-containing fertilizers, it is dug up.
  Estimated fertilizer consumption per 1 m2 of soil:
  • 1/2 cup superphosphate.
  • 1/2 cup of potassium sulfate or 1/5 cup of potassium chloride (can be replaced with 2-3 cups of wood ash).
  • One bucket of organic fertilizers (when using peat or humus, you don’t have to dig up the soil and leave them on the surface as mulch).

• • Young and fruiting bushes in last days April is also fertilized nitrogen fertilizers with loosening the soil underneath to retain moisture and apply fertilizing.

Attention!
Remember that fertilization of mature trees is carried out locally in the area of ​​​​the vertical projection of the plant crown onto the ground with a spades of no more than 50-100 cm.

At the end of April, you can start planting gooseberry and blackcurrant seedlings. In areas prepared in the fall for shrubs, plants are planted, followed by watering and mulching the soil under them. Shrubs planted in the fall are heavily pruned, leaving 2 to 4 well-developed buds on the shoots.

During the same period, they take care of the fruit-bearing trees and plant young raspberry bushes:

• pure grade, healthy seedlings placed in beaten, even grooves with the base of the stem immersed by 2-3 cm. Areas for raspberry seedlings must be properly prepared in the fall and generously fertilized.
• The soil around the plants is watered and mulched with peat.
• Then the bushes are trimmed, leaving a height of 40 cm.
• Overwintered raspberry shoots are lifted, untied and cut back to the first living bud untouched by frost.
• Damaged, diseased, poorly developed, as well as excess shoots should be removed, viable shoots should be tied to a trellis.

May

Perhaps the most important period for every gardener who grows and cares for plants with his own hands is rightfully considered May.

The price of correctly holding May events is the success of the entire summer season as a whole.

• Before flowering begins, all trees must be watered in the amount of two buckets multiplied by the age of the plant.
• If the foliage on the trees is paler than usual, you should additional feeding nitrogen.
• The end of May is suitable for breeding berry crops layering. To do this, the strongest one-year-old branch is bent and pinned into a groove sprinkled with soil.

We continue to care for the garden, not forgetting about gardening chores, taking into account the principles of crop rotation. The health of all plants, their proper development and a good harvest.

Conclusion

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in preparation plot of land no, for the summer season, all the actions that need to be taken do not require any financial or physical costs. But no matter how simple it all may seem, it is necessary to carry out the above actions, if, of course, you want to reap a good harvest and enjoy the fruits of your work in winter.

In the video presented in this article you will find Additional information on this topic.