Cabbage can be grown in two ways - seedlings and non-seedlings. The first is aimed at obtaining an early harvest. Here are the dates when it is necessary to plant seeds of certain types of cabbage:

• white cabbage (hybrids, early varieties), red cabbage - from March 10 to 25;
• late and mid-season white cabbage - April 5–15
• kohlrabi - March 10–30;
• broccoli, cauliflower - March 15–25;
• Brussels sprouts - late March-early April;
• Savoy - from March 15 to April 10.

Preparing and sowing cabbage seeds

Pre-sowing treatment of cabbage seeds different types the same. First, pour the seeds of the selected variety into a triple layer of bandage or gauze. To disinfect them, you need to place them in hot water, the temperature of which is + 50 ° C, for 15 minutes, then in cold water for two minutes.

Next, the fabric with the seeds is placed on a saucer and kept for a day at room temperature, making sure that the gauze is wet all the time. Then the swollen seeds are put on the bottom shelf in the refrigerator so that they harden here for 24 hours.

After this, the seeds are dried until they flow and sown. The quality of the soil is very important. The land should not be “random” - from the street, from the garden. Since such soil contains pathogens of fungal diseases that are dangerous for seedlings. Purchase special soil for cabbage seedlings from a reputable store. You can bake it for 15 minutes in the oven at a temperature of + 200 ° C or 5 minutes in the microwave, turning it on at full power.

The cooled soil is poured into a clean seedling box, previously washed with laundry soap. Spill the soil with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, sow cabbage seeds at a distance of 2 x 2 cm from each other and sprinkle 1 cm of the same soil on top. After this, the box should be covered with a transparent film and put in a warm place.

Growing cabbage seedlings in a box

It is very important not to miss the emergence of seedlings. As soon as the first “loop” appears from the ground, immediately place the box on a windowsill or glazed balcony (if the temperature there does not drop below +10 °C).

It is important to prevent the seedlings from stretching so that the seedlings grow strong. This is facilitated by the optimal temperature and watering regime. As soon as the first shoots appear, place the box with them closer to the light, where the temperature in the room is +15+17 °C. If it is higher, the seedlings will begin to stretch out. Watering is needed very moderately, since excessive soil moisture at this stage of cultivation contributes not only to the elongation of seedlings, but also to infection with “blackleg”.

If you notice that the stem near the ground has become thin and black, the plant has fallen, which means it has contracted “black leg”. Pull it right up by the roots and remove it, and transplant healthy seedlings into another soil. You can try to save diseased plants. To do this, spray the stem and the ground around them with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, sprinkle the soil around the stem with ash and stop watering the seedlings altogether.

Cabbage pick

When the age of the seedlings reaches 20 days, transplant each into a separate container. Small seedling cups with a diameter of 5 and a height of 6 cm are suitable. Carefully, using a small spatula or coffee spoon, remove the plant along with a lump of earth, plant it in a cup half or 2/3 filled with moist soil, cover the stem with soil up to the cotyledon leaves. Place cabbage plants to take root on a windowsill that is not exposed to direct Sun rays and temperature +20 °C.

The seedlings will remain in such conditions for 3 days, during which time they will have time to take root. After that, place it where the temperature during the day is +13+14, and at night +10+12 °C.

Young cabbage plants are planted in open ground from April 25 to May 5 (depending on weather conditions). Cruciferous vegetables - turnips, radishes, cabbage, turnips, radishes, watercress, rutabaga - should not grow in this place for 3-4 years. To do this, dig up the bed, loosen it with a rake, and use a shovel to make holes at a distance:

• 30 x 40 cm for early and hybrid varieties cabbage, 50 x 60 for medium and 60 x 70 for late varieties red and white cabbage;
• 30 x 40 cm for kohlrabi;
• 60 x 70 cm for Brussels sprouts;
• 30 x 50 cm for broccoli;
• 40 x 60 cm for Savoy;
• 25 x 50 cm for cauliflower.

If the weather promises to be sunny in the following days, be sure to shade the plants. This can be done using newspapers, non-woven material or burdock leaves if they have grown by this time.

Water the seedlings carefully every evening using a watering can fitted with a spray tip. When the seedlings take root after 5–7 days, remove the coverings. They are left only if night frosts are expected.

After this, loosen the soil to a depth of 5 cm, make grooves to a depth of 1 cm, with a distance of 20 cm between them. Fill the grooves with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, sow the seeds prepared as described above.

Place low arcs over the crops and place a transparent film on them high density. If warm days come, open it slightly on one side. When the seedlings reach 20–30 days of age, plant them in a permanent place.

Combine loosening with hilling. Excellent results adds peat to a height of 5 cm. It will become an excellent mulching material, suppress the growth of weeds, help maintain moisture, while simultaneously providing nutrition to the plant.

In wet weather, slugs become the main pest of cabbage. They can be fought with chemical and folk remedies. If you choose the former, sprinkle the soil in your cabbage plantation with a special product designed to combat this pest. If you do not want to use chemicals on the site, dust the soil in these places with dry mustard or ground black pepper. You can collect slugs by hand and then destroy them.

Cabbage moth larvae can also cause damage to these plants. Therefore, gardeners try to plant seedlings in the early stages, when these insects have not yet emerged. Among folk remedies, we can recommend an infusion prepared from 10 g of white mustard powder, which is dissolved in 1 liter of water. The liquid is infused for 2 days, before spraying it is diluted with water in a ratio of 5:1. The stepsons of tomatoes will also help to cope with this scourge; they are laid out in rows.

Video on the topic - how to grow white cabbage:

Cauliflower growing experience:

​Similar articles​

To do this, wrap the seeds in a canvas and hold for 15 minutes in hot water, and then 1 minute in cold water. This will prevent diseases if they are on the seeds. If the soil is infected with clubroot, such treatment will not have an effect. To make the seeds grow better, after disinfection, place them in a nitrophoska solution (1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water) for 10-12 hours.​

​40 x 60 cm for Savoy;​

White cabbage: early varieties

The ripeness of cabbage is determined by eye. If the head of cabbage is large, dense and beautiful, then it needs to be removed. Agricultural technology for growing late varieties recommends harvesting in mid-autumn, but it all depends on weather conditions. If autumn is cold, early and rainy, then harvesting needs to be done earlier, and if Indian summer has arrived by mid-October, then you can let the cabbage grow further.​

​Table. Drip irrigation mode for white cabbage

1. ​Urea.​
2. ​After the cotyledon leaves appear, the plants are picked, that is, transplanted one at a time into small boxes or pots
3. ​Zinc​
4. ​glory. Heads of cabbage - up to 5 kg;​
5. ​About history​

​When growing vegetables, special attention must be paid to the appearance of pests on crops.​

​It is difficult to find vegetables more loved by domestic consumers than potatoes and cabbage. They are the basis of many traditional dishes of Russian cuisine. There are several types of cabbage, and all of them are available to our compatriots. Shopping centers offer big choice cabbage: white cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, Peking cabbage, etc. In addition, thanks to the developments of seed growers, today it is possible to grow almost every type of this vegetable on your own country plot.​

​If early cabbage seedlings are planted in the ground before mid-April, then there will be a harvest in June.​

​25 x 50 cm for cauliflower.​

​In order for the heads of cabbage to winter period stored better in the basement, you need to cut them off along with the stem and outer leaves.​

How to plant mid-season and late varieties?

​Helpful tips for proper care:​

​After applying fertilizers, the soil needs to be dug up. If necessary, apply a dose just before planting the seedlings. Agricultural technology must take into account soil preparation; cabbage cannot be planted in unsuitable soil, as this is a waste of time.​

The soil for cabbage should:

​Enzymes​

​Belarusian 455. Head weight - up to 3 kg;​

Pest Control Methods

Now there are hundreds of varieties of white cabbage

​If you notice that any bush has withered and tiny white worms have appeared on it, the plant must be pulled out and burned. Otherwise, cabbage fly larvae will soon infect other bushes. To prevent the proliferation of pests, you can dilute 3 matchbox ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water and spill the soil under the plants.​ ​There is a large number of varieties of cabbage. But the most popular are cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels, and Peking.​

​Do not wait until the seedlings become large and strong; it is better to focus on the weather. If there are rains and clouds ahead, then take advantage of this and plant even very small seedlings.​

​Put 2 handfuls of humus into each hole, one handful of sand and peat, 50 g of wood ash, you can add half a teaspoon of nitrophoska, mix everything and pour plenty of water into the holes. Dip the root of the plant directly into the water, sprinkle it with wet soil and then dry soil on top to prevent a soil crust from forming. If the seedlings have stretched out a little, plant them so that the first pair of true leaves is at soil level. If the weather promises to be sunny in the following days, be sure to shade the plants. This can be done using newspapers, non-woven material or burdock leaves if they have grown by this time. Every evening, carefully water the seedlings using a watering can with a spray tip. When the seedlings take root after 5-7 days, remove the coverings. They are left only if night frosts are expected.​

Cabbage in the basement can be placed in bulk, or it can be hung on a rope, legs up and head down.

Cauliflower: planting rules

The emerging weeds are pulled out with a hoe.

​In areas where there is excess moisture, ridges are made. The width of the ridges should be 100 cm, and the height - from 18 to 25 cm. When arranging the ridges, the soil should not be trampled down too much. In areas that are very dry or with normal air humidity, cabbage is planted on a flat surface.​

​Be well educated.​

​Amino acids​

​hope. The heads of cabbage are white when cut. Weight - about 3 kg

Cabbage is a very ancient crop. It has long been grown in Ancient Egypt. Used during the campaigns of Alexander the Great during the war. Even the mathematician philosopher Pythagoras was involved in the cultivation of white vegetables and spoke in his creations about the benefits and taste of this amazing plant. Agricultural cultivation technology begins unknown when, but the starting point can be taken as 326 BC. for ease of understanding how ancient this product is.​

Caring for cauliflower

​In June, crops may be attacked by white butterfly caterpillars. You can cope with them without chemicals. To do this, you will need to inspect the plants daily and collect butterfly larvae and eggs by hand. Of course, some part of the cabbage may be damaged, but a massive spread of the pest will be avoided.​

​Modern varieties produce abundant harvests not only in middle lane, but also in northern regions, the main thing is to know how to grow cabbage seeds correctly.​

During planting, place humus, 2 tablespoons of ash, a little chicken manure, and half a teaspoon of nitrophoska or superphosphate under each bush.

​If you want to use the seedless method, plant the seeds immediately in a permanent place. To do this, dig up the soil here in the fall. As soon as the snow melts, pour boiling water over it, cover it with film for two days so that the ground thaws. After this, loosen the ground 5 cm, make grooves to a depth of 1 cm, with a distance of 20 cm between them. Pour the depressions with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, sow the prepared , as described above, seeds. Place low arcs over the crops and place a high-density transparent film on them. If warm days come, open it slightly on one side. When the seedlings reach 20-30 days of age, plant them in a permanent place.​

​It is better to pull it out along with the roots if it is stored hanging on a rope. Remain at the root nutrients and water, which the head of cabbage will continue to feed on for a long time after cleaning. This will delay the time of its yellowing and spoilage, and the head of cabbage can be stored until spring.​

​Hilling up the plant prevents the appearance of weeds.​

​Planting seedlings is a very troublesome task, because different varieties are planted in different time. The main thing is not to make a mistake. Agricultural technology requires certain distances between seedlings, between rows and between ditches for irrigation. Seedlings planted too densely will have low yields.

VseoTeplicah.ru

We grow cabbage according to the rules of agricultural technology

​Contain maximum nutrients.​

1. ​Vitamins A, PP, B, C​
2. ​Mid-late varieties:​

At first there were from 3 to 10 varieties of white cabbage, and at the end of the 19th century there were more than 30. Now there are already hundreds of varieties of white cabbage. For such a product, a moderate climate is needed, just like ours. This vegetable has high transportability, cold resistance and productivity. Simple agricultural cultivation techniques with full comprehensive care are required.​

​If the leaves of the plants begin to become covered with yellowish spots and curl, your garden has been visited by cabbage aphids - the most difficult pest to control. Immediately spray the plants with tobacco infusion, solution laundry soap or special biological products. The soap solution is prepared as follows: add 400 g to 10 liters of water tobacco dust, infuse for 2 days, then add 100 g of grated or shaved soap.​

​Growing of this type of vegetable should begin with sowing seedlings. It is usually sown at the end of January or beginning of February. Before sowing, it is necessary to properly prepare the seeds. In this case, you should adhere to the following procedure:

​If you fill the holes normally during planting, you don’t have to fertilize them. But if the plants grow poorly, then they are necessary.​

Varieties of white cabbage

Cabbage loves abundant watering. Give her enough moisture. Water in the evening, if the weather is hot and dry, then do it once every 2-3 days. On cloudy days, you can water generously once every 5-6 days. Combine loosening with hilling. Adding peat to a height of 5 cm gives excellent results. It will become an excellent mulching material, suppress the growth of weeds, help maintain moisture, while simultaneously providing nutrition to the plant.​

1. ​Agricultural technology for growing white cabbage requires a certain investment of effort and money, but the result will be a decent supply of cabbage for the whole winter.​
2. ​If you add soil under the bush in the form of a hill, then the cabbage will develop adventitious roots.​
3. Early ripening varieties are placed at a distance of 50x50 cm between rows.
4. ​Be slightly acidic or neutral.​
5. ​According to ascorbic acid content cabbage is coming on par with citrus fruits.​

​Krasnodar. Very suitable for pickling;​

White cabbage is divided into types according to ripening time:

​Mid-season and late-season cabbage should be expected to ripen by mid-to-late autumn.​

• Before planting, cabbage seeds are selected at least 2 mm thick, washed, and soaked in warm water with potassium permanganate.
• ​You can fight caterpillars different methods. For example, cabbage is planted as follows: two rows of Amager, then one row of Slava and two rows of Belorusskaya. Be sure to sow dill on the ridge: the very first row before you start sowing cabbage - this will be your seed. Then sow more dill in the cabbage rows when planting the main crop. Sow the ridge when the heads of cabbage begin to set - this part of the dill can be dried for the winter. Thanks to the sowed dill, the cabbage seedlings will not be touched by the whiteweed.
• In hot, dry weather, cruciferous flea beetles damage seedlings. To preserve young plants, they are dusted with sifted wood ash. In wet weather, slugs become the main pest of cabbage. They can be fought with chemical and folk remedies. If you choose the former, sprinkle the soil in your cabbage plantation with a special product designed to combat this pest. If you do not want to use chemicals on the site, dust the soil in these places with dry mustard or ground black pepper. You can collect slugs by hand and then destroy them. Cabbage butterfly larvae can also cause damage to these plants. Therefore, gardeners try to plant seedlings in the early stages, when these insects have not yet emerged. Among folk remedies, we can recommend an infusion prepared from 10 g of white mustard powder, which is dissolved in 1 liter of water. The liquid is infused for 2 days, before spraying it is diluted with water in a ratio of 5:1. The stepsons of tomatoes will also help cope with this scourge; they are laid out in rows. Video on the topic - how to grow white cabbage: Experience in growing cauliflower:

Agricultural technology is a system of measures to increase productivity. For white cabbage it is extremely simple.​

• ​Agricultural cultivation technology requires bright lighting. If the greenhouse is dark, then you need to create bright artificial light. Darkness causes plants to become stretched and also vulnerable to disease.​
• ​Mid-season and late-ripening plants are placed at a distance of 60x70 cm between rows.​

​The ideal predecessor crops on the site where early varieties of white cabbage are going to be planted are:​

​Thanks to its coarse fibers, cabbage prevents the absorption of cholesterol into the intestines and thus lowers its level in the blood.​

• ​judge 146. Also suitable for pickling.​
• ​Early ripening. The ripening period for early ripening varieties is 55-60 days after planting the seedlings.​
• ​Scheme for planting cabbage in a garden bed.​

​The seeds need to be poured out of the bag and calibrated, that is, selected according to size. Those with a size of less than 2 mm are thrown away.​

• ​Put the wormwood sprigs on the heads when the butterflies begin to fly. You can sow wormwood along the path, in the yard near the house. The method is very effective: we have already observed more than once how butterflies rush over cabbage, but do not try to land, but fly away to look for other places to lay eggs.​
• ​Photos of white cabbage can be seen in our​

​Section: Garden and vegetable garden From the article, the reader will learn all the details of growing cabbage seedlings at home, and how to sow immediately in open ground. The article tells how to plant seedlings in a permanent place and care for them. Cabbage can be grown in two ways - seedlings and without seedlings. The first is aimed at obtaining an early harvest. Here is the time frame for planting seeds of certain types of cabbage:

• ​What you need to grow white cabbage:​
• ​Small-sized film shelters for cabbage: a - frameless (in section), b - tunnel, c - tent; 1 - film, 2 - earthen roller, 3 - frame tunnel arc, 4 - ridge beam, 5 - rafter supports
• ​Bow.​

Composition and beneficial properties of white cabbage

Cabbage has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. It helps remove fluid from the human body.​

1. ​Late varieties of white cabbage:​
2. ​Mid-early. The ripening period for mid-early varieties is 70-75 days after planting the seedlings.​
3. ​Not only white cabbage, but also cauliflower, occupies a worthy place in the garden beds of our compatriots. This is very healthy vegetable, which can diversify your daily diet. The high percentage of vitamins A, B, and C in cabbage makes it a leader in nutritional quality among vegetables. Today, many varieties of cauliflower are known that can produce high yields in cool climates. But one condition still remains: it is possible to grow cabbage of this type only when the average daily temperature reaches 15-18°C. Even the mildest frosts can destroy young plants. In addition, it is necessary Special attention pay attention to soil moisture, since when the vegetable seedlings become too dry, they stop growing.​
4. ​Seeds calibrated for cultivation are placed in a cotton bag or gauze and washed under warm running water.​

You can scare away caterpillars from early cabbage by planting leaf celery on one side, and tomatoes on the other, and at the same time put sprigs of wormwood.​

​photo gallery​

1. ​white cabbage (hybrids, early varieties), red cabbage - from March 10 to March 25;​
2. ​Greenhouse.​
3. ​Row distance:​
4. ​Cucumbers.​
5. ​The botanical name of the crop is white cabbage, it is a variety garden cabbage from the cruciferous family. One of the most common vegetables. No red borscht would be complete without cabbage.​
6. Amager 611. Designed for winter storage. The leaves acquire stiffness after 5 months;
7. Mid-season. The ripening period for mid-season varieties is 80-120 days after planting the seedlings.​
8. ​Cauliflower seedlings must be sown 48-56 days before transplanting them into the ground. In order for the seeds to grow correctly, they must be prepared. The seeds are first disinfected by heating them in water at a temperature of 50°C, then dipping them into cold boiled water for several minutes. Then the seeds are planted in containers in rows to a depth of about 1 cm. The distance between plants should be 2 cm, and between rows - from 3 to 5 cm. It is better to take soil for seedlings from the beds where the cabbage will be planted.​

​Then the seeds must be dipped in water heated to 50°C and left for 15-20 minutes.​

​Eggs and caterpillars can also be destroyed mechanically if the beds are small.​

​Seedlings.​

1. ​Early varieties - 25-30 cm.​
2. ​Tomatoes.​
3. ​White cabbage is usually grown using seedlings, but rarely using seeds. In order for the agricultural technology of growing white cabbage to be successful, you need:
4. ​Moscow late 15. Designed for long-term storage;​
5. ​Medium late. The ripening period for medium-late varieties is 105-110 days after planting the seedlings.​
6. Cabbage is harvested as the head of cabbage ripens.

​After time, the seeds must be removed and quickly washed cold water from the tap.​

1. It is very useful to add spicy herbs to the whiteweed if you plant them scattered around the garden bed. Coriander, salad mustard or cumin are suitable for this - they release essential oils. To early seedlings didn't attack cabbage fly, lightly water the plants with a solution of karbofos at the root (or other insecticides according to the instructions).​
2. ​It is impossible to imagine life without such useful and delicious vegetable like cabbage. It is used for preparing salads, borscht, and seasonings. It is eaten raw, stewed, boiled and fried.​
3. ​kohlrabi - March 10-30;​
4. ​Seeds.​
5. ​Medium - 40-50 cm.​

Agricultural technology for planting white cabbage

​Choose the right area for planting white cabbage.​

1. ​hybrids: Geneva F1, Krumont F1, Aros F1 and others.​
2. ​Late ripening. Ripening time late ripening varieties- 165-180 days after planting seedlings.​
3. After the true leaf appears, the seedlings need to be planted in pots. When the second leaf appears, it is necessary to fertilize. A solution is prepared for it from a mixture of 20 g of saltpeter, 15 g double superphosphate and 10 g of potassium chloride. The second feeding should be carried out 7-10 days after the first.

A solution of potassium permanganate is prepared in a proportion of 1 g per 1 liter of water. The seeds are placed in it for 20 minutes, then removed, washed and dried again.

1. ​The first time should be watered when the seedlings take root, the second time - after 8-10 days. The operation can be combined with feeding.​
2. Philosophers, poets, and scientists have paid attention to cabbage since ancient times. According to legend, the origin of cabbage is as follows: the supreme Roman deity Jupiter made an attempt to clarify the meaning of the sayings of the oracles, which were contradictory. His forehead was covered with sweat from the tension. They fell to the ground, and cabbage grew in this place.​
3. ​broccoli, colored - March 15-25;​
4. ​Fertilizers.​

​Late - 50-70 cm.​

1. ​The ideal predecessor crops in the area where late varieties of white cabbage are going to be planted are:​
2. ​Prepare the soil for planting.​
3. White cabbage has beneficial and even medicinal properties. As you know, its leaves are used in folk medicine for:
4. Picking cabbage seedlings; 1 - correct, 2,3,4 - incorrect (2 - the root is bent, 3 - the root is not in contact with the soil, 4 - the seedling is shallowly peaked)​

​Cabbage is transplanted into open ground, depending on the weather, 40-50 days after seed germination. Typically, bushes are planted in 2 rows with a distance between rows of 60 cm, and between plants of 30-40 cm. Fertilizers in the amount of 60-100 g of wood ash and the same amount of humus are poured into each hole.

Agricultural technology for planting seedlings in the ground

Already dried seeds are ready for planting. They can be sown in pre-prepared containers of any shape and size. Since cabbage has a fairly extensive root system, it is desirable that the depth of the containers be at least 25-30 cm. The seeds are placed in the soil at a distance of 5-10 cm from each other and to a depth of about 2 cm. Then the containers are covered with film and placed in a warm place. bright place.​

​When the cabbage grows well and moisture begins to accumulate under its leaves, slugs will crawl in from all over the garden. To prevent them from eating into the cabbage and ruining its appearance, try to keep the cabbage clean. Place cardboard or roofing felt between the plants. Slugs will gather there, and you can easily collect them there.​

1. Cabbage is a member of the cruciferous family and has many types. These are white, red, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, Beijing sprouts, broccoli.​
2. ​Brussels - at the end of March-beginning of April;
3. ​Irrigation system (water, watering cans).​
4. ​Time for planting seedlings in the ground:​

​Cucumbers.​

​Properly plant seedlings in compliance with the planting geometry.​

Throat treatment. To do this, apply the leaf to the neck and wrap it with a warm scarf overnight.

1. ​Early varieties of white cabbage are intended for use in summer period. They are ripe, juicy and crumbly. Such heads of cabbage are not subject to long-term storage. Mid-ripening varieties are used fresh in the fall, mid-late and late varieties are intended for consumption in winter and are ideal for pickling. Late varieties are considered the most valuable.​
2. ​Unlike white cabbage, cauliflower has a very poorly developed root system, so you need to make sure that the soil under it does not dry out. In hot weather without rain, plants need to be watered daily and regularly mulched with a layer of humus 6-7 cm thick.​

​If the cabbage seeds are of high quality, seedlings will appear within 3-4 days. When this happens, the covering film must be removed. Twice a day it is necessary to turn the containers with seedlings so that they do not stretch. After the first true leaf appears, the seedlings are pricked. For this, disposable cups are used, preferably peat ones. Transplanted seedlings are placed in a shaded place for 2-3 days, which facilitates faster rooting.​

​Since ancient times, potatoes have been planted with cabbage. Then she grew up lush, healthy, like in the picture, and at the same time no one really looked after her.​

1. ​The best predecessors for white cabbage will be cucumber, peas, onions, tomatoes, on well-irrigated lands - perennial herbs. Cabbage will grow well after corn, eggplant, and pepper. Cabbage is a fairly cold-resistant crop. Its seeds are able to germinate at a temperature of +3-4°C. Plants grow at 5°C; the optimal temperature is 15-17°C. A temperature above 25-30°C, oddly enough, can delay the growth and development of seedlings, prolong the period of head formation, increase the number of plants that do not form it, and at a temperature of 35°C it may not form at all.​
2. ​Savoy - from March 15 to April 10.​
3. ​Lamps.​

​Middle and early varieties for consumption in August - from 20.04 to 10.05.​

1. ​Beans.​
2. ​Provide adequate care for plants.​
3. ​For treatment of the head. The sheet is applied to the head and also wrapped.

​Early ripening varieties that are grown in our country.​

​If cabbage is left to grow, it will bloom and produce seeds.​

Caring for white cabbage

Cabbage shoots appear on the 3-4th day.

1. ​Potato tops secrete a special substance that repels whiteweed and many other pests. Therefore, proximity to potatoes favors cabbage. Goes very well early potatoes and late cabbage. You will dig up the potatoes near it early, and the cabbage will continue to grow and become ripe until late autumn.​
2. ​Young seedlings can withstand short-term frosts (up to - 4-5°C), and adults can withstand frosts up to minus 8°C, but frozen heads will not be preserved well.​
3. ​Pre-sowing treatment of cabbage seeds of different types is the same. First, pour the seeds of the selected variety into a triple layer of bandage or gauze. To disinfect them, you need to place them in hot water, the temperature of which is + 50 ° C, for 15 minutes, then in cold water for two minutes. Next, the fabric with the seeds is placed on a saucer, kept for a day at room temperature, making sure that the gauze was wet all the time. Then the swollen seeds are put on the bottom shelf in the refrigerator so that they are hardened here for 24 hours. After this, the seeds are dried until they flow and sown. The quality of the soil is very important. The land should not be “random” - from the street, from the garden. Since such soil contains pathogens of fungal diseases that are dangerous for seedlings. Purchase special soil for cabbage seedlings from a reputable store. You can calcine it for 15 minutes in the oven at a temperature of + 200 ° C or 5 minutes in the microwave, turning it on at full power. The cooled soil is poured into a clean seedling box, previously washed with laundry soap. Sprinkle the soil with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, sow cabbage seeds at a distance of 2 x 2 cm from each other and sprinkle 1 cm of the same soil on top. After this, the box should be covered with a transparent film and put in a warm place.

​Hoes, hoes, shovels, rakes, pitchforks, scissors.​

​Late varieties - from 10.05 to 20.05.​

1. ​Root vegetables.​
2. ​Properly water the seedlings.​
3. ​For the treatment of bruises and sprains. The sheet is applied, ground and wrapped overnight.
4. ​June ultra-early white cabbage. The heads of cabbage ripen 90-110 days after the shoots appear. Weight - about 1.5 kg;​

An important feature of growing this vegetable is the need to shelter the head of cabbage from sunlight. This is done as follows: 3 or 4 leaves located around the head of cabbage are broken and they cover the head. If this is not done, the head of cabbage may turn yellow and crumble.​

1. ​When the temperature outside reaches a positive mark and the threat of frost has passed, the seedlings can be taken out Fresh air for hardening. It is displayed in a greenhouse or under a film cover. After 7 days, young sprouts can be transplanted into the ground. To grow early varieties of cabbage by the beginning of June, seedlings should be planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse. In this case, the distance between the bushes must be at least 40 cm, and the depth of the holes must be sufficient to accommodate the entire root system of the bushes.​
2. Good neighbors for cabbage are beans, beans, beets or peas. Beneficial insects living on peas and their “brothers” will settle in the cabbage bed after harvesting them. And then the aphids will be in trouble.
3. Cabbage loves light, especially long days (it can develop well with a 17-18 hour day).
4. ​It is very important not to miss the emergence of seedlings. As soon as the first “loop” appears from the ground, immediately place the box on a windowsill or glazed balcony (if the temperature there does not drop below +10 ° C). It is important to prevent the seedlings from stretching out so that the seedlings grow strong. This is facilitated by the optimal temperature and watering regime. As soon as the first shoots appear, place the box with them closer to the light, where the temperature in the room is +15+17 °C. If it is higher, the seedlings will begin to stretch out. Watering is needed very moderate, since excessive soil moisture at this stage of cultivation contributes not only to the stretching of seedlings, but also to infection with “black leg.” If you notice that the stem near the ground has become thin and black, the plant has fallen, which means it is sick “ black leg." Pull it right up by the roots and remove it, and transplant healthy seedlings into another soil. You can try to save diseased plants. To do this, spray the stem and the ground around them with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, sprinkle the soil around the stem with ash and stop watering the seedlings altogether.​
5. Watering should be sufficient. The soil should not be allowed to dry out. This will cause the roots of the plant to begin to dry out.​
6. ​Medium varieties for consumption in autumn - from 20.05 to 30.05.​
7. ​Potatoes.​

​Use fertilizers, minerals, organic matter.​

Cabbage contains a lot of fiber, so it helps ladies with curvy figures get rid of excess weight. To do this you need to go on a cabbage diet. You can consume an unlimited amount of cabbage per day and drink a lot of water, 2 liters per day. You should exclude all forbidden foods from your diet: fatty, salty, smoked foods, as well as bread products and sweets.​

​Gribovsky 147. Heads of cabbage weighing 1.5 kg. Ripen in July;

​Cauliflower is harvested as it ripens, when the head reaches its maximum ripeness. Delayed harvesting may result in the head becoming less dense and even. When collecting heads of cabbage from early varieties, you can leave the stem with the lower leaves on the bed. After some time, new shoots will appear from the sinuses. All shoots with the exception of one, the strongest, can be removed, and by autumn there is a possibility of obtaining a 2nd harvest.​

​For proper cultivation 10 days after planting, you can fertilize the cabbage for the first time. To do this, prepare the following solution: mix 2 liters of rotted mullein or bird droppings, ½ cup of wood ash and 1 tablespoon of superphosphate in 10 liters of water. The mixture is thoroughly watered into the soil under the plants. Occasionally cabbage needs to be loosened, but deep loosening is not allowed.​

1. Cabbage uses organic matter well, so in the spring they add compost and dig it shallowly.
2. ​With a lack of light, plants may become stretched, their growth and development will be slow, productivity will decrease, and the density of the heads will decrease.​

Harvesting cabbage

​When the age of the seedlings reaches 20 days, transplant each into a separate container. Small seedling cups with a diameter of 5 and a height of 6 cm are suitable. Carefully, using a small spatula or coffee spoon, remove the plant along with a lump of earth, plant it in a cup half or 2/3 filled with moist soil, cover the stem with soil up to the cotyledon leaves. Place the cabbage plants to take root on a windowsill that is not exposed to direct sunlight and a temperature of +20 °C. The seedlings will remain in such conditions for 3 days, during which time they will have time to take root. After that, place it where the temperature during the day is +13+14, and at night +10+12 °C.​

​How to check if the soil under white cabbage is wet? There is a good one for this folk way. You need to dig up a place near the plant at a depth of 7 cm, take a handful of earth from there, crush it into a lump and throw it onto the ground from a height of 100 cm. If the lump crumbles, then the soil is dry and requires watering.​ ​Use a hoe to dig a hole and pour 0.5-0.7 liters of water into each hole.​​The agricultural technology of cultivation is such that white cabbage loves light. Therefore, it should not be planted under trees or near bushes or buildings.​

​Cultivation agricultural technology is closely related to the basic properties of white cabbage:​

​Planting cabbage seedlings: A-too deep; B-correct; V-too small

ParnikiTeplicy.ru

How to grow cabbage: all the details of growing

• ​Cauliflower has a huge number of pests. To prevent plants, they must be periodically pollinated with tobacco dust and watered. soap solution. At the same time, preventive measures should also be carried out in neighboring beds, from where harmful insects can spread.​
• ​White cabbage of mid-season and late varieties is usually planted in open ground. Many novice gardeners who don’t know how to grow cabbage are interested in how they should plant the seeds? And this question seems logical: growing late varieties with seedlings usually does not lead to good results. Under the influence high temperatures The seedlings are greatly stretched, which leads to a deterioration in their quality and, as a consequence, to a poor harvest.​
• ​During spring training disseminate soils with potassium and phosphate fertilizers, for planting late varieties, apply fertilizer a week before planting the seedlings. Don't forget about nitrogen fertilizers. Cabbage has quite high needs, so nitrogen fertilizing you will need 2-3, and late varieties will need four. Early varieties should be fed every 3 weeks, with the last time when heads of cabbage begin to form. Late varieties are fed less often. Provide cabbage for winter storage with fertilizing no later than the end of August.​
• Cabbage also loves moisture, as it is characterized by high evaporation from the surface of its leaves and rather shallow placement of the roots. Therefore, it is better to allocate low-lying areas and peat bogs for it. It is possible to achieve high and constant yields in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe only with the help of irrigation.​
• ​Young cabbage plants are planted in open ground from April 25 to May 5 (depending on weather conditions). Cruciferous vegetables - turnips, radishes, cabbage, turnips, radishes, watercress, rutabaga - should not grow in this place for 3-4 years. To do this, dig up the bed, loosen it with a rake, and use a shovel to make holes at a distance:
• Cabbage consumes large amounts of water daily during growth.

Preparing and sowing cabbage seeds

Growing cabbage seedlings in a box

Planting cabbage seedlings in a permanent place

• Among the mid-early cabbage there are the following varieties:
• ​http://youtu.be/io6TvvXGza4​
• ​After the first leaf appears, the cabbage is poured into separate cups.​
• ​Light and medium soils rich in humus are suitable for early varieties. Choose a sunny place, preferably high, to avoid late frosts. Late cabbage will give a good harvest on medium soils and heavy, carefully and deeply cultivated soils with sufficient moisture in combination with high air humidity.​
• ​The most water is consumed during the period when the head is set - before the start of ripening. The most better conditions are considered: soil moisture during the growing season is about 80-75% HB, air humidity - 60-80% during the period of germination and the beginning of the formation of heads, 75-90% - during mass formation. If there is a break in the water supply, this can lead to cracking of the heads. Fertile soils with high content are best suited for cabbage. organic matter and pH 6.2-7.5.​
• ​30 x 40 cm for early and hybrid varieties of cabbage, 50 x 60 for medium and 60 x 70 for late varieties of red and white cabbage;

Growing cabbage in the garden

Caring for cabbage plants

Main pests of cabbage

tutknow.ru

White cabbage: how to plant and grow different varieties correctly

​Phosphorus​ ​golden hectare. Heads of cabbage reach a weight of 2 kg;​Cultivation various types growing cabbage in your own beds will allow you to get a rich harvest. Having spent very little time and effort, you will diversify your table with healthy and nutritious vegetables grown in purely ecological conditions.​

​Can be used simple and very effective way planting and growing seeds of mid-season and late varieties of cabbage. For this you will need regular toilet paper. Seeds prepared using the above technology are glued onto a strip of toilet paper, the length of which is equal to the length of the bed. When sticking seeds mid-season variety they are arranged in 3 pieces every 40 cm, late - 3 pieces every 50 cm. Then the strips are rolled up and stored until sowing.​

White cabbage loves feeding very much. It can be fed with mullein (1:10) or chicken droppings (1:20). But you can do it differently. In the fall, cover a piece of earth with pine needles or something else. In early spring, collect the insulation and arrange a small greenhouse in this place to plant seedlings of early cabbage (not only white cabbage). This will be the first seeding. You need to dig a hole and place biofuel in it in layers. Place a box there and fill it with a mixture of humus, soil and peat. You can take soil from the place where onions, tomatoes or beans last grew.​

​The soil must be cultivated immediately after harvesting the predecessor. Under the film, cabbage sprouts very quickly and you need to make sure that the temperature under the film is not too high on warm days.​

​30 x 40 cm for kohlrabi;​

To accelerate the growth of cabbage, namely the leaves, the plants are fed 2 times with potassium chloride:

​Hoes.​

​Superphosphate.​

​Hydrophilous.​

​Calcium​

​Stakhanovka 1513 is the most productive and resistant to cracking of heads of cabbage. Head weight - up to 2.5 kg.​

Planting cabbage

​White cabbage is not susceptible to crossing with other varieties of cabbage.​

​When the time comes for planting, the beds prepared for cabbage are spilled with a saturated solution of potassium permanganate, then ribbons are laid out on them toilet paper so that the seeds are staggered with a distance of at least 40 cm between rows. The paper is sprinkled with soil, the bed is covered with film or covering material.​

Freshly cut cabbage contains ascorbic acid on a par with oranges and lemons, and in addition, B vitamins, copper, cobalt, magnesium and zinc. Cabbage also contains potassium, calcium and phosphorus salts, 16 amino acids, and vitamin U, which promotes rapid healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Instead of losing weight, it is better to include white cabbage in your diet, which contains tartronic acid, which prevents obesity.​

Cabbage is sown in early March. Seeds for seedlings can be purchased once every 3-4 years, since there are quite a lot of grains in a pack. You can grow some of the late cabbage seeds yourself.​

​60 x 70 cm for Brussels sprouts;​

The first time fertilizing is done a week after planting the seedlings.

​Rotary weeder.​

Pest Control

​Potassium chloride.​

Planted by seedlings.

​Potassium​

​First year. A dense head of cabbage forms in the form of a rosette with gray-green leaves. The leaves fit tightly to each other, and their surface is smooth. Depending on the varieties, the heads of cabbage ripen within 1.5-2.5 months, and their stem thickens and becomes like a stalk.​

To grow healthy plants, dill, onions and other herbs should be planted next to cabbage. They ripen quickly and protect vegetables from certain diseases and pests. Cabbage seed growth begins when the soil temperature reaches 5-10°C. When warm weather sets in, the film is removed from the seedlings, weak plants are removed.

​When the weather changes from dry to rainy, cabbage heads, like tomatoes, crack. To prevent this, when the heads are already good, follow the watering schedule.​

Cabbage seeds should be disinfected before planting. hot water(hold for 16 minutes at 45°C).​

​30 x 50 cm for broccoli;​

​The second one later - another 2-3 weeks. But the dose of potassium chloride must be increased by one and a half times.

Fertilizers and fertilizers

​Ripper.​

​Ammonium nitrate.​

​Prefers to grow where potatoes, cucumbers, and beans used to grow (depending on the varieties).​

​Manganese​

Cabbage harvesting

​Mid-season cabbage:​

​Second year. Brushes and flowering shoots appear. The flowers on them are yellow or white. The fruits on such plants look like pods with dark spherical seeds. Pollination occurs with the help of bees. White cabbage easily crosses with other types of cabbage: cauliflower, savoy, leaf, Brussels sprouts.​

​When pests appear on cabbage, they must be collected manually or sprayed with chemicals.​

dachamania.ru

​After heavy rain, immediately cut off the heads of cabbage and place them in a cool place. They can be stored for two weeks.​

White cabbage growing care June white cabbage when to plant

Cabbage is a very important crop that has been grown since time immemorial. Nowadays, there are more than ten species and many varieties.

Cabbage contains many useful substances: proteins, fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements. Regular consumption of any variety of cabbage is a good prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cabbage is useful for various diseases, such as anemia, various infections, skin diseases, etc. In addition, it is used in the form of compresses for various wounds, headaches, and diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Many gardeners are interested in how to grow early cabbage in their garden. It's simple enough special conditions This crop does not require cultivation.

Seed preparation

Growing early cabbage begins with preparing seeds, which need to be sorted and disinfected. To do this, they must first be placed in hot water for 20 minutes, then in hot water for one or two minutes. cold water and dry. If you purchased the seeds in a store, then there is no need for such preparation.

Before planting, it is advisable to soak the seeds of early cabbage and harden them at a temperature of +1... +2 °C for about a day. Thanks to this, they will germinate faster; in addition, such preparation increases the cold resistance of plants.

Sowing time

The timing of planting depends on the variety and type of early cabbage. When is the best time to sow to get a good harvest?

Early varieties of white and red cabbage are sown for seedlings at the end of March, broccoli and cauliflower - from mid-March to the end of April, Brussels sprouts - from mid to late April. It is very important to take into account climatic conditions.

Growing conditions

There are several things to consider important points, so that early cabbage grows and develops well. Planting and care for different varieties mostly similar. Cabbage cannot be grown in the same place for more than three years. It gives a good harvest in areas where legumes, beets, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, and cucumbers previously grew.

Any type of this crop is well suited to fertile, light loamy, sandy loam, sod-podzolic, peat soils with an acidity close to neutral. There will be no good harvest on sandy and heavy clay soil.
The area should be open and well lit.

Site preparation

Preparing the site where early cabbage will grow is of great importance. Planting and caring for plants begins in the spring. The area for early cabbage must be prepared in the fall. To do this, they dig it up and apply fertilizer. As fertilizers, it is effective to use humus, manure and compost in an amount of 1-1.5 buckets per m2.

In addition, mineral fertilizers are added in the amount of 40 g of superphosphate per 1 m2 and half as much. The acidic soil is limed.

With the arrival of spring, the land on which early cabbage will be planted is dug up, loosened and fertilized. Manure is used as fertilizer (one bucket per square meter) And wood ash(1-2 tbsp per square meter).

Seedling method of cultivation

Growing early cabbage from seedlings allows you to get a good harvest. The seeds are sown in boxes filled with soil, which must first be leveled and watered. Then make furrows about 1.5 cm deep, into which the seeds are sown at a distance of 2 cm. Until the shoots appear, the room temperature must be about 20 °C. When the seeds sprout, the temperature is reduced to 8 °C and maintained at this level for a week, after which it should be increased to 16-18 °C during the day and about 10 °C at night.

After two leaves appear, the seedlings are picked into separate containers. It is important to consider that for good growth and cabbage development requires additional lighting.

After 5-6 true leaves appear, the seedlings are planted in open ground.

Growing without picking

When planting early cabbage seedlings in this way, use cups peat tablets, pots or special trays. Two seeds must be sown in each container or cell. When shoots appear, only the strongest plant is left.

Planting in open ground

When the air temperature exceeds 17 °C and the soil temperature exceeds 14 °C, early cabbage seedlings are planted in the ground.

Seedling different varieties planted according to different schemes:

Early white and red cabbage - 30×40;
- broccoli cabbage - 30×60, in order to develop side shoots- 40×60;
- Brussels sprouts - 60×70;
- early kohlrabi - 30×40;
- savoy cabbage- 70×30;
- early cauliflower - 30×60.

It is best to plant cabbage in cloudy or rainy weather. To prevent the soil from compacting and crusting, it must be regularly mulched or loosened.

Seedless method

With this method of growing early cabbage, the seeds are sown directly into the ground. Growing early cabbage using this method has its advantages. The plant does not have to be replanted; the development of the root and above-ground parts occurs faster than with seedling method cultivation, productivity increases. Early cabbage is sown in different terms, depending on the region of growth.

Before planting, to protect against pests, seeds are treated using 12% hexachlorane. The seeding rate is 2 kg per 1 hectare, planting depth is 2-3 cm.

After the plant has 4-5 true leaves, the cabbage is thinned out, leaving one plant at a distance of 40-50 cm from the other. Further care the same as when growing using seedlings: watering, loosening, protection from pests.

Feeding and care

How the leaves will grow and what size the head will be depends on how much nitrogen the plant is provided with. Cabbage has a special need for nitrogen before the head begins to form. When the head begins to set, the plant needs potassium.

A week after the seedlings have been planted, they need to be fed using a urea solution (for feeding ten plants - 3 tablespoons per 1 bucket of water), before tying a head of cabbage, nitrophoska is used for feeding (the same proportions for five plants).

Using organic fertilizers for fertilizing, their solution is prepared one day before fertilizing. The container is filled halfway with bird droppings and filled with water. The fertilizer must be stirred several times a day until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. Immediately before feeding, the liquid must be diluted ten times with water.

Cabbage loves moisture, so it is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out. Early cabbage is watered three to four times a week. Before harvesting, if further storage is expected, watering is stopped 35-45 days in advance.

After watering, the soil must be loosened, each time reducing the depth of cultivation so as not to damage the root system. In order for healthy early white cabbage to grow, it must also be hilled, but not with dry soil.

Pest Control

Insects and other pests can cause irreparable damage to the crop, so care must be taken to protect the plants.

Early white cabbage, as well as cauliflower, can be damaged by larvae that cause damage to the roots of the plant. At the same time, cabbage begins to wilt in hot weather, and it lower leaves become bluish.

To combat this pest, use DDT dust or 6% hexachlorane dust, which is used to pollinate the plant after planting. The procedure is carried out two to three times at intervals of a week. The soil is watered using 30% thiophos (concentration - 0.03%). You can sprinkle the ground near the plant with mothballs mixed with sand (1:5).

A plant that has just begun to sprout can be damaged by the cruciferous flea beetle, which feeds on cabbage leaves. Can protect against this pest early sowing and planting seedlings, which allows the plants to grow stronger before the flea beetle becomes active. To accelerate growth and increase resistance, the plant is fed using saltpeter and slurry.

Colonies of cabbage aphids, which suck the juices from the plants, cause enormous harm to the plant. The leaves then become covered with spots and begin to curl. The growth of cabbage slows down and the setting of a head of cabbage stops.

To combat this pest, before starting to set a head of cabbage, the plant is sprayed using anabasine sulfate (concentration - 0.2%) or 2.5% metaphos dust. Spraying with tobacco decoction is effective, to obtain which you need to pour tobacco dust (400 g) with water (2 l) and boil for 2 hours. The cooled solution is filtered. Then you need to add soap (50 g) to it and dissolve everything in a bucket of water.

Growing early cabbage in a greenhouse

Cabbage is one of the main crops planted in greenhouses. They mainly grow early white cabbage. When to sow seeds using this method?

To grow early cabbage in a greenhouse, the seeds need to be sown in early February. In early April, seedlings are planted at a distance of 35-40 cm. The seedlings should have 3-4 true leaves; they are first hardened off.

The appearance of the seedlings can tell you what the harvest will be like. Plants that have green leaves have weak root system. This means that the seedlings will not take root well. The shape of the leaf can be used to judge the shape of the head. If the leaves are large and the stem is short and thick, then there will be large heads of cabbage.

The soil on which cabbage will be grown in a greenhouse must be well fertilized, dense, loamy and retain moisture well. Regular loosening of the soil and fertilizing with a solution of manure is necessary.

The temperature range for growing cabbage is from 5 to 20 °C. Young seedlings need additional lighting. During the formation of the head, the plant needs a lot of moisture.

Harvesting

In early varieties of cabbage, heads of cabbage appear approximately 55-60 days after the seedlings were planted, that is, in late June - early July. The ripening of heads of cabbage is not simultaneous, so they need to be harvested in several stages, cutting off with a sharp knife. In this case, leave 2-3 leaves and a stalk up to 2 cm long.

Important Rules

When thinking about how to grow early cabbage, first of all you need to take care of the quality of the seedlings, and for this you need to remember several important points:

1. Before sowing seeds, they must be prepared to avoid infecting the plants with infectious diseases.

2. The soil mixture used should not be heavy. If soil from the garden is used, it must first be treated with cold outside or on the balcony; heat treatment is also necessary. The best option- this is the purchase of a special ready-made mixture.

3. It is very important to comply with sowing dates. Early cabbage sown in mid-March. To extend the harvest time, it can be sown every two to three days for two weeks.

4. The container with seedlings should be located in a place where there is enough sunlight. Otherwise, stretching of seedlings may occur. Additionally, illumination with fluorescent lamps is required in order to achieve a total daylight hours of 12-14 hours.

5. After the first true leaves appear, the seedlings need to be hardened off. In addition to low temperatures, seedlings are hardened off with bright light. To do this, it must be taken outside. This helps to avoid stretching the seedlings.

6. Watering should be moderate to prevent root rot. For irrigation, use settled water at a temperature of 22-23 °C.

7. Before moving the seedlings to the site, do not water them. Plants that are slightly wilted do not break as much.

Following these simple rules will allow you to get an excellent harvest of this useful crop.

After a decade of dominating the catalogs of the original motley and bright varieties tulip trends began to change. At exhibitions, the best designers in the world offer to remember the classics and pay tribute to charming white tulips. Sparkling under the warm rays of the spring sun, they look especially festive in the garden. Welcoming spring after a long wait, tulips seem to remind us that white is not only the color of snow, but also the joyful celebration of flowering.

Despite the fact that cabbage is one of the most popular vegetables, not all summer residents, especially beginners, can grow its seedlings. In apartment conditions they are hot and dark. In this case, it is impossible to obtain high-quality seedlings. And without strong, healthy seedlings it is difficult to count on a good harvest. Experienced gardeners know that it is better to sow cabbage seedlings in greenhouses or greenhouses. And some even grow cabbage by direct sowing seeds in the ground.

Flower growers tirelessly discover new houseplants, replacing some with others. And here the conditions of a particular room are of no small importance, because plants have different requirements for their maintenance. Lovers of beautifully flowering plants often encounter difficulties. After all, for flowering to be long and abundant, such specimens require special care. There are not very many unpretentious plants blooming in rooms, and one of these is streptocarpus.

Calendula (marigold) is a flower that stands out among others with its bright color. Low bushes with delicate orange inflorescences can be found on the side of the road, in the meadow, in the front garden next to the house or even in vegetable beds. Calendula is so widespread in our area that it seems like it has always grown here. About interesting decorative varieties calendula, as well as about the use of calendula in cooking and medicine, read our article.

I think many will agree that the wind is well perceived by us only in the romantic aspect: we are sitting in a cozy warm home, and the wind is raging outside the window... In fact, the wind blowing through our areas is a problem and there is nothing good about it. By creating windbreaks with plants, we break strong wind into several weak streams and significantly weaken its destructive power. How to protect a site from the wind will be discussed in this article.

Modern ferns are those rare plants antiquities, which, despite the passage of time and all kinds of cataclysms, not only survived, but were also largely able to preserve their former appearance. Of course, it is not possible to grow any of the fern representatives indoors, but some species have successfully adapted to life indoors. They look great as single plants or decorate a group of decorative foliage flowers.

Pilaf with pumpkin and meat is Azerbaijani pilaf, which differs in the method of preparation from traditional oriental pilaf. All ingredients for this recipe are prepared separately. Rice is boiled with ghee, saffron and turmeric. The meat is fried separately until golden brown, and pumpkin slices as well. Separately prepare the onions and carrots. Then everything is placed in layers in a cauldron or thick-walled pan, a little water or broth is poured in and simmered over low heat for about half an hour.

Basil is wonderful all-purpose seasoning to meat, fish, soups and fresh salads - well known to all lovers of Caucasian and Italian cuisine. However, upon closer inspection, basil turns out to be a surprisingly versatile plant. For several seasons now, our family has been happily drinking aromatic basil tea. In a flowerbed with perennials and in flowerpots with annual flowers, the bright spicy plant also found a worthy place.

Thuja or juniper - which is better? This question can sometimes be heard in garden centers and markets where these plants are sold. It is, of course, not entirely correct and correct. Well, it’s the same as asking what is better - night or day? Coffee or tea? Woman or man? Surely, everyone will have their own answer and opinion. And yet... What if you approach with an open mind and try to compare juniper and thuja according to certain objective parameters? Let's try.

Brown Cream of Cauliflower Soup with Crispy Smoked Bacon is a delicious, smooth and creamy soup that both adults and children will love. If you are preparing a dish for the whole family, including kids, then do not add a lot of spices, although many modern children are not at all against spicy flavors. Bacon for serving can be prepared in different ways - fry in a frying pan, as in this recipe, or bake in the oven on parchment for about 20 minutes at 180 degrees.

For some, the time of sowing seeds for seedlings is a long-awaited and pleasant chores, for some it is a difficult necessity, while others are thinking about whether it would be easier to buy ready-made seedlings on the market or from friends? Be that as it may, even if you have given up growing vegetables, you will probably still have to sow something. These include flowers, perennials, conifers and much more. A seedling is still a seedling, no matter what you sow.

A lover of moist air and one of the most compact and rare orchids, pafinia is a real star for most orchid growers. Its flowering rarely lasts longer than a week, but it can be an unforgettable sight. You want to look at the unusual striped patterns on the huge flowers of the modest orchid endlessly. In indoor culture, pafinia is rightly ranked among the difficult-to-grow species. It became fashionable only with the spread of interior terrariums.

Pumpkin ginger marmalade is a warming sweet that can be prepared almost all year round. Pumpkin keeps for a long time - sometimes I manage to save a few vegetables until summer, fresh ginger and lemons are always available these days. Lemon can be replaced with lime or orange to create different flavors - variety in sweets is always nice. The finished marmalade is placed in dry jars; it can be stored at room temperature, but it is always healthier to prepare fresh products.

In 2014, the Japanese company Takii seed introduced petunia with a striking petal color - salmon-orange. By association with bright colors southern sunset sky, the unique hybrid is called African Sunset. Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the last two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from store windows. Where did the orange petunia go?

Our family loves sweet peppers, so we plant them every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season; I cultivate them constantly. I also try to try something new every year. Pepper is a heat-loving plant and quite whimsical. Varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and productive sweet peppers, which grow well for me, will be discussed further. I live in central Russia.

Probably, there is not a single vegetable garden in which such primordially Russian vegetable crop like cabbage. This vegetable was brought from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, but, despite the diversity of the Russian climate, it has taken root well in our dachas and garden plots. Grow decent harvest growing cabbage is not difficult, but to do this you need to figure out what diseases this crop is susceptible to and what pests are not averse to “crunching” cabbage leaves.

In the previous article in the series “Organic farming. Biological protection against pests and weeds” we talked about what environmental methods of controlling diseases and pests are used in organic farming, and in the article “Diseases and pests of cucumber - protecting yourself without chemicals,” we figured out how to care for cucumbers without using harmful chemicals. Today we’ll talk about growing cabbage, consider methods of biological control of pests and diseases of this crop.

Today there are many types of cabbage. These are well-known white cabbage varieties that were grown back in the days Ancient Rus'. Cauliflower and red cabbage received in Russia wide use at the beginning of the 20th century. The cookbooks of this time also mention kohlrabi, which was called “repina cabbage”. Varieties such as Brussels sprouts, Savoy sprouts and broccoli began to be grown here in the second half of the last century.

It is not for nothing that cabbage has taken root in our lands with an unstable climate. The peculiarity of this crop is that it easily tolerates frosts down to minus 3 degrees, and Savoy from a temperature of minus 5 becomes even tastier.

Despite the variety of varieties, the agricultural technology for growing each of them is not particularly different. Cabbage loves water very much. If there is insufficient watering, it is almost impossible to grow a good harvest; in addition, when watering, it is necessary to maintain uniformity, otherwise the head of cabbage may crack.

It is best to grow cabbage on loamy soils rich in organic matter with neutral acidity, and if the soil is acidic, it is necessary late autumn or in early spring add lime in a proportion of 4-5 kg ​​per 10 sq.m. Such cultivation of the soil is an excellent prevention of most fungal diseases, including such a dangerous disease as clubroot, the spores of which die in an alkaline environment.

Most suitable fertilizer for any variety of cabbage is rotted cow dung or well-ripened compost. The use of unripe compost or fresh manure makes the leaves watery, tasteless and unstable to various diseases. For a head of cabbage to grow large, it must receive a lot of food. Therefore, even on highly fertile lands, a fairly large amount of cabbage must be applied. organic fertilizer(8-10 buckets of manure or compost per 10 sq.m.). Any species responds well to feeding with fermented infusion of nettle, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5. The first feeding should be carried out 2-3 weeks after planting the seedlings, and then - at intervals of two weeks 5-6 times.

From cabbage you can prepare a large number of tasty and healthy dishes, many varieties are remarkably stored all winter and are a source of essential vitamins and microelements. However, not only humans love cabbage for its juicy, crunchy leaves. This crop has many pests in the garden that you need to learn to resist.

Cabbage pests

Various flying and jumping insects sometimes cause a lot of trouble for the gardener. The main dangerous pests of cabbage include: cabbage fly, cruciferous flea beetles and bugs, cabbage fly, and naked slugs.

Cabbage white

This pest is widespread throughout almost the entire territory of Russia and neighboring countries. The whitefish feeds not only on cabbage, but also on all other cruciferous crops (radish, turnip, radish, watercress and others).

Cabbage butterfly is a butterfly with white wings with a black border. These butterflies feed on flower nectar, mate and lay eggs on the underside of cabbage leaves. The eggs hatch into yellowish-green caterpillars with black spots, which feed on cabbage leaves, leaving only the central veins.

A good effect in the fight against this pest is given by spraying cabbage with a solution of wood ash at the rate of 2 cups of ash and a tablespoon of liquid soap per 10 liters of water.

If there are few caterpillars, they can be collected by hand. Some gardeners place sticks with eggshells hanging on them in their cabbage beds. It is believed that the shell repels cabbage weeds that are about to lay eggs. The butterfly mistakes the shell for similar creatures and “thinks” that the territory is already occupied.

Spraying cabbage beds with infusion of tomato tops or a decoction of onion peel will scare away the cabbage whites with an unusual smell, and it will not multiply in your beds.

Cruciferous flea beetles and bugs

These pests cause significant damage to all cruciferous crops, and cabbage especially suffers from them. Cruciferous flea beetles- These are small black beetles up to 3 mm in size with hopping hind legs. Cruciferous bugs are insects with bright colors - red, yellow or white stripes, spots or lines on a black or green-metallic background.

Fleas and bedbugs are scraped off upper layer leaves and suck out plant juices, causing yellowing, wilting and drying out of cabbage plants. These insects are especially dangerous for seedlings. A large number of pests in the garden can lead to the death of young plants.

Enough effective means combat during the period of mass appearance of fleas and bedbugs is to pollinate cabbage beds with a mixture of tobacco dust with fluff lime or ash in a 1:1 ratio. This procedure is carried out several times with an interval of 4-5 days. If there are a small number of bedbugs, you can collect them by hand, and to catch fleas, you can place fabric flags coated with non-drying glue on the beds.

Cabbage fly

This dangerous pest looks like a regular house fly. She lays eggs in the ground at the base of the stem, from which the larvae hatch white about 8 mm long. The larvae can move from one plant to another, gnawing the stem and reaching the root along it. Damaged plants become bluish-lilac in color, grow poorly, wither and die.

The main enemy of the cabbage fly and its larvae are predatory insects such as ground beetles, which feed on the larvae of the pest. We talked about how to attract these beneficial insects to our land in the article “ Biological protection from pests and weeds."

The main task in the fight against cabbage fly is to prevent it from laying eggs. To do this, the ground around the plant can be sprinkled with ash or lime (the larvae die in an alkaline environment); you can also build a mechanical barrier in the form of a cardboard collar 10 cm in diameter, which is placed on the base of the stem. This barrier prevents the larvae from reaching the cabbage. Well-mulched soil also serves as protection against cabbage flies, but mulch is an excellent hiding place for slugs and is dangerous to use in cabbage beds.

Naked slugs

Slugs are worm-like mollusks that have a sharp tongue with teeth, which they use to bite into leaves and can eat them to the very base. Slugs become active in rainy, damp weather, feed at night, and during the day they hide under various shelters (boards, piles of branches, grass). If there are a lot of pests on the site, then such shelters can be made artificially in the beds and used as traps, from under which slugs can be collected manually during the day.

To combat slugs, an infusion of hot pepper, prepared according to the following recipe, works well: 1 kg of capsicum is crushed, poured with 10 liters of water and infused for two days. Then it is brought to a boil and left for another day, then the pepper is ground, the resulting mixture is squeezed and filtered. This concentrate can be used immediately, or can be stored sealed in a dark, cool place. To treat cabbage beds, 125 grams of concentrate are diluted in 10 liters of water, 40 grams of laundry soap diluted in hot water are added, and the soil is sprayed in places where slugs accumulate and feed.

If you sprinkle mustard powder on the ground around the cabbage, slugs will not be able to get into your garden bed; freshly slaked ground lime and a mixture of ash and bleach have the same effect.

Planted near cabbage will be a good protection against all the pests described above. various plants. If you plant garlic around the garden bed, the cabbage fly will never fly to it. Basil, mint, dill, coriander will repel fleas, bedbugs and cabbage whites. And borage with her rough leaves will not allow slugs into the cabbage.

Today, many gardeners use covering nonwoven materials such as lutrasil, spunbond and agril to combat flying pests. Pests simply cannot get to the plants they cover.

Cabbage diseases

No less than from pests, cabbage can suffer from various diseases caused by fungi and other soil microorganisms. These diseases occur during prolonged rainy weather, or due to improper cultivation practices. The most dangerous diseases of cabbage are: clubroot, yellowness (Fusarium wilt), blackleg and white rot.

Clubroot of cabbage

Most dangerous fungal disease, most often affecting cabbage and cauliflower. The first signs of the disease are: slower growth, yellowing and wilting, growths on the roots of various shapes (spherical, vesicular, spindle-shaped). Clubroot most often affects cabbage growing in waterlogged, acidic soil, With insufficient quantity nutrients.

Clubroot cabbage is an insidious disease that is easier to prevent than to treat (damaged plants cannot be saved). Once in your garden, the spores of this fungus can remain there for 6-8 years, and removing them will be extremely problematic. You can introduce clubroot into the soil by planting purchased diseased seedlings. Therefore, when purchasing, you must carefully consider the roots of young plants and try not to purchase seedlings from random people on the market.

To prevent disease, in case of high acidity of the soil, it is necessary to lim it in the fall or spring at the rate of 200-300 grams of fluff lime per 1 sq.m. land. For these purposes, you can use dolomite flour in the same quantities.

Planting seedlings early will help prevent the disease, since cold soil is less dangerous - clubroot does not develop at low temperatures. To avoid infection, you should not pour fresh manure or compost into the holes; wood ash applied to the soil during planting helps to prevent the disease.

It is important that if the cabbage has been affected by clubroot, then cruciferous plants cannot be planted in the place where it grows for 6 years. Sick plants should not be placed on a compost heap; they must be collected and burned.

Blackleg

A fungal disease that affects seed sprouts and young seedlings. The presence of the disease can be determined by the thinning and blackening of the base of the stem with the formation of a characteristic constriction. The stem rots and is easily pulled out of the ground.

The development of the disease can be triggered by high humidity and sharp fluctuations in air temperature, as well as dense plantings and poor ventilation. It should be noted that black leg most often develops on cabbage seedlings grown in greenhouses.

To prevent the occurrence of the disease, the soil must be treated with a raspberry-violet solution of potassium permanganate before planting seeds. To avoid waterlogging while watering seedlings, dusting the soil with sifted ash in a layer of 1-2 cm will help. Sick plants noticed should be immediately removed from the garden bed.

Yellowness (fusarium wilt)

This very harmful disease is typical for early varieties of white cabbage and cauliflower; kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts and broccoli can also become infected. The causative agent of the disease is a soil microorganism that penetrates through the roots or damage to the plant into its above-ground part. This makes it difficult for water to move within the crop and the cabbage wilts. This disease is especially dangerous in dry, hot weather. At this time, Fusarium wilt can lead to the complete destruction of your bed. The optimal soil temperature for infection is 15-17 degrees, and air temperature and humidity are not particularly important for this pathogen. The main indicator of the development of the disease is the yellow-green color of the leaves and their loss of turgor. Then the diseased leaves fall off, the growth of the head of cabbage slows down and becomes distorted.

If infected plants are found, they should be immediately removed from the garden bed. Unfortunately, today there are no reliable measures to combat this scourge, so scientists have developed varieties that are resistant to yellowness. If you know that an outbreak of this disease is possible in your garden, it is best to use them for growing. To the most resistant varieties white cabbage can be classified as: Kolobok, Extra, Triumph, Novator, Valentina and many others; among colored cabbage, Guarantee and Moscow Cannery are especially resistant.

White rot

A fairly common fungal disease that affects most varieties of cabbage. Plants planted on heavy loamy soils are especially affected.

White rot primarily affects root collar and lower leaves of cabbage. Infected tissues become discolored, appear watery, and a coating of cotton-like white mycelium forms on their surface. Over time, the mycelium becomes denser, turning into large black spots of various shapes. White rot is especially harmful during storage; this disease significantly reduces the “keeping quality” indicators - cabbage infected with this fungus cannot be stored for a long time.

White rot usually progresses during rainy weather or high humidity in greenhouses. Effective measures There is no control against this disease today, and so far it has not been possible to develop varieties resistant to this disease. Therefore, the main way to prevent the development of white rot is to observe crop rotation and proper agricultural techniques when growing cabbage. Later dates for sowing seeds and planting seedlings intended for seed purposes will help reduce the vulnerability of plants. Harvesting cabbage before frost will protect the crop from developing disease during storage. If foci of infection are detected, both in beds and in cellars and other vegetable storage areas, they should be immediately removed and destroyed by burning.

Other problems when growing cabbage

In order to grow a decent cabbage harvest, you must follow optimal mode watering and fertilizing. If agricultural cultivation technology is violated for any reason, it becomes possible appearance problems such as cracking of the head or the development of blossom end rot.

Heads of cabbage crack when a period of slow growth abruptly gives way to more vigorous development, while the upper leaves stop growing and harden, and the inner leaves begin to gain mass, as a result of which the head of cabbage bursts. This phenomenon is associated with a sharp change in weather conditions, when cold and dry weather suddenly changes to warm and humid. Cracking of the head of cabbage can occur with uneven watering and uneven application of organic fertilizers.

Cabbage blossom end rot looks like edge dieback. upper leaves, and it is associated with irrational, unbalanced nutrition. The manifestation of this problem means that there is an excess of nitrogen and potassium in the soil, as well as a lack of calcium and phosphorus. Application to the soil will help solve the problem. phosphate rock in the proportion of 2.5 kg per 10 sq.m.

Cabbage is considered valuable dietary product, containing a large amount of vitamins and microelements necessary for humans. Cabbage dishes are used in various diets aimed at stabilizing and reducing weight and normalizing metabolism. Having mastered simple agricultural techniques and studied natural methods of protection against pests and diseases, you will be able to completely abandon the use of harmful chemicals, which will give you the opportunity to provide your family with an environmentally friendly product, which is especially important in our time.

Turischeva Olga, rmnt.ru