–perennial spring garden flowers of the amaryllis family. There are more than 25 thousand varieties of daffodils, which are classified into 13 groups, of which only one group is a wild species (about 60 subspecies), the rest are selection ones. IN natural environment common in Eastern and Western Europe, Asia, northern Africa. The favorite habitat where you can find the most beautiful daffodils is mountain alpine meadows and forests.
Did you know?The flower got its name from the beautiful young man Narcissus. An ancient Greek myth says that a young man, seeing his reflection in the water, could not turn away and leave, his face seemed so beautiful to him. Struck by his own beauty, he died by the pond from admiration and hopeless self-love. And at the place of his death tender beautiful flowers, they were called daffodils. That is why in Ancient Greece they were considered the flowers of the dead.
The colors of flowers in all species are varied - cream, pink, yellow, white-orange, sand, white and various variations of white-yellow combinations. The leaves of the flower are basal, green, different types their width, length and shade are different. The bulbs are brownish, covered with scales, round, oval or elongated.
The cultivation of daffodils is becoming more widespread - both because of the decorative properties they have and because of the relative cheapness of purchasing these flowers for planting. Next, all types of daffodils will be presented with descriptions.
Their flower crown is the same length as the petals or slightly longer, which is why it resembles a gramophone tube - hence the name. There is one flower on the stem with a diameter of 7 to 13 cm, the peduncle is strong and tall.
Tubes – red, white, orange, yellow. The flowers are white and yellow or yellow-white at the tips. They are garden daffodils and bloom well in winter. Look great in a vase and bouquets. These types of daffodils grow and develop well in our climate. These include the following varieties:
- white – Kantara, White Knight, Peter Bahr, Birshiba, Madame de Graaf;
- yellow – Maximus, Dutch Master, Obvallaris, Ballad, Albert Schweitzer, Birsheba, Golden Harvist, Hans Christian Andersen, Priamble, Golden Medal, Celebrity, Golden Harvist, King Alfred, Lunar C, Easten Bonnet, Golden Spar, Musical Hall, Little Gem, Point Barrow, Mount Hood, Pseudonarcissus, Henry Irving;
- barely perceptible creamy color - variety Milner;
- two-color trumpet varieties of daffodils - very fragrant yellowish-white Spring Glory and garden Emperor, Impress.
These garden daffodils have the largest crowned inflorescences of all types - up to 12 cm in diameter or more. The inflorescence consists of six identical lobes and an elongated wavy crown. The colors of the crowns are deep orange, pink, yellow, white, red. Petals are white, orange, yellow. The peduncle is single, long – up to 50 cm in height, tubular.
There are 2 - 4 narrow leaves around it. But their tubers are mostly small - up to 3 cm in diameter. Large-crowned daffodils are very popular among gardeners, their best varieties are Anthea, Voa, Confuoco, Smaragd, Kentucky Cardinal, Lagerlef, Velazquez, Daydream, Fortune, Carlton, Mount Tekoma, Tibet, Curley, Modern Art, Ringleader, Record, Mercato, Flower, Shea, Orange Progress, Selma, Professor Einstein, Rococo , Salome, Prekoshes, Sound Semiramis, Royal Orange, Lady Bird, Scarlet.
Inflorescences with a diameter of 5-8 cm with a low crown - no more than 2/3 of the length of the perianth. The color of the crown is white, pink, yellow-orange, red in the center with a green eye. The peduncle is low and strong. This is a universal type of daffodil - they are quite unpretentious, take root easily, and grow well without creating any special conditions.
They are perfect for forcing and gardening, as well as for cutting into bouquets. Varieties of small-crowned daffodils - State Fair, Amor, Jewel, Matapat, Barrett, Audubon, Altruist, Browning, Verona, China White, Burma, Limerick, Verger, Apricot.
Did you know?Small-crowned daffodils are often characterized by a bordered crown.
They have either a double crown or the entire flower is double. The crown can be white, yellow, bright orange, red. Perianth – white, yellow, yellow-orange. They have one or more inflorescences on a peduncle.
For example, double multi-flowered daffodils varieties Yellow Chirfulnes. Other varieties - Ice King, Van Sison, Replit, Modern Art, Irene Copeland, Texas, Acropolis, Golden Ducket, Tahiti, Obdam, Exotic Beauty, Menley, Rip Van Winkle, Indiana Chief, Dorchester, White Lyon, Fashion, Mary Copeland. They take root well, are relatively unpretentious, and are suitable for lawns, gardens and cuttings.
Stunningly beautiful, decorative with a regular rounded flower shape. They have a noticeably dissected crown with what appears to be a second row of petals. This effect is created due to the fact that the six free lobes of the crown grow together only at the base. This species has one inflorescence on a long peduncle with a diameter of up to 11-12 cm. The color of the inflorescences is white with pink, white, yellow, white.
Universal flowers: for indoors, gardens and for cutting. Photophilous - avoid shading when planting; insulation is necessary in winter. Some of the best varieties – Baccarat, Dolly Molinger, Cassata, King Size, Modesta, Palmares, Lemon Beauty, Chanterelle, Canasta Baccarat, Oringeri, Split Crown. The flowers of the Split Crown variety have an incredibly attractive appearance - they look like exotic butterfly or an orchid.
Triandrus, triander daffodils
Hybrid, garden, miniature, with a small goblet-shaped crown with all the characteristics of three-stamen daffodils. A very narrow and rather long (sometimes longer than the perianth) tube with the perianth lobes bent back at a large angle.
Flowers on a low peduncle are drooping, with single or multiple inflorescences - from two to six. The color of the crowns is yellow, pale yellow, yellow-green, white, golden. Triandrusaceae look great in flower beds, suitable for complex flower arrangements, rock gardens, but they are not cold-resistant, this must be taken into account when planting. Varieties – Tresemble, Ice, Liberty Bells, Wings, Hawera, Stoke, Thalia.
Not higher than 20 cm in height, they resemble cyclamen in appearance. Peduncle with one inflorescence, drooping flower, with petals moved back. The crown-tube is long and narrow. Characterized by early flowering, they look great in alpine slides, borders, and flower beds. Varieties – Beryl, Tete-a-Tete, Baby Dowell, Andalusia, Jenny, Jetfi, Jack Sneel, February Silver, Piping Tom.
Important!For the rapid and complete development of daffodils, clay must be present in the soil.
Heat-loving, unusually fragrant (their essential oils are used in perfumery) and graceful daffodils. The peduncle can have from one to six inflorescences with a short crown. The leaves are thin, flexible, the stem is up to 35-40 cm high.
Very interesting yellow jonquil daffodils of the Baby Moon variety - with very small inflorescences. Basically, all varieties of this species are sensitive to cold, but in the southern regions they can grow without transplantation for up to 6-7 years. Common varieties - Susie, Cherie, Golden Chain, Sweetness, Trevitien, Hill Star, Step Forward, Bel Zong, Pipit, Hesla.
On the peduncle there is a single inflorescence with a small crown and a trumpet. The tube with a bright red border is a feature of the daytime species. The inflorescence has six pure petals white. Peduncle up to 40-45 cm high, narrow gray-green leaves. They have a sophisticated, fragile appearance and a pleasant, subtle aroma, which is why they got their name. They require shelter for the winter. Varieties – Margaret Mitchell, Sarchedon, Red Rome Actea, Milan.
Narrow-leaved daffodils growing in natural conditions in groups and even entire fields. They have white, pale yellow, cream inflorescences with red or orange border. In the CIS, this species grows in the Carpathians - in the Valley of Narcissus.
In Europe - in the Alps. Found in Russia, Italy, Greece, Romania, Great Britain, Monaco. Narrow-leaved species unpretentious, but prefers the mild, humid climate of the Mediterranean.
Did you know?The ancient Romans, unlike the ancient Greeks, considered daffodils to be the flowers of winners; garlands and wreaths made from them were a symbol of victory in battles. In China, the daffodil is still a symbol of the upcoming New Year. And in Chinese medicine, narcissus takes pride of place as an excellent treatment for mastitis.
Multi-flowered daffodils
The peduncle of these garden daffodils is crowned with eight or more flowers, forming a lush “cap”, due to which one stem looks like a small bouquet. The color of the inflorescences is white, apricot-beige, yellow. The crown is light or bright orange.
People in different countries talk about this flower. different stories, but they are all as beautiful as myself main character – narcissus. In the article you can read species diversity these plants, about which there are many legends, and which are among the most popular today spring flowers both in dachas and city flower beds.
Daffodils - history and legends
Daffodils and Persians
Most likely, the first people who started this bulbous spring plant, there were Persians. By the way, in addition to daffodils, the Persians gave us gifts.
The ancient Persians had a king, Cyrus I, who not only founded the Achaemenid dynasty, but also made a lot of efforts to breed daffodils as a garden crop. And the king called this flower nothing more than “ immortal delight created by beauty».
In Persian poetry, both ancient and modern, narcissus (nargis) is used as a common noun, denoting the gaze or eyes of a beloved. Yes, what can I say, the beauty of these flowers was sung by the prophet Magomed himself: “Whoever has two loaves of bread, let him sell one to buy a narcissus flower, for bread is food for the body, and narcissus is food for the soul.”
Greeks about Narcissus
The most beautiful legend about this flower, perhaps, among the ancient Greeks. It tells about a beautiful, pristine lake. The gods protected the lake from people and animals, from dust and dirt. Even the wind did not disturb the clean and beautiful surface of the lake, only the thick dark green turf served as a worthy frame for this miraculous mirror.
One day the gods got distracted, and a beautiful young man, Narcissus, accidentally landed on the shore of the lake. He was hunting for game, he was tired, he was tormented by thirst. The young man leaned over the lake to drink and saw his reflection in the water. And then misfortune befell him. Narcissus was so beautiful that he fell in love with his reflection. An ardent feeling pierced his heart so strongly that he could not tear himself away from the mirror surface of the lake.
It all ended very sadly; Narcissus died on the shore from self-love. When the young man went to the shores of the Styx, his sisters, the Naiads, covered the body of the unfortunate young man with their hair and began to prepare a funeral pyre. But when the fire was ready, Narcissus disappeared, and where he lay, an incredibly beautiful and fragrant flower grew.
Symbol of victory in Rome
On the frescoes of ancient Pompeii one can find images of the narcissus, from which it becomes clear that for the Romans this flower was a symbol of victory. Garlands of daffodils were used to decorate warriors who returned with victory; these flowers were often sacrificed to Pluto and the Furies.
Daffodils in different countries
For Chinese Narcissus is a symbol of the New Year; they use it to decorate their homes, altars of the gods, and use it in ceremonial processions.
In 1570, the chief treasurer of England received several outlandish onions as a gift from the ambassador of Constantinople. They fell into the caring hands of the lord's gardeners, who planted the plant on the banks of the Thames, in the garden belonging to the nobleman. The bulbs took root and produced narcissus flowers. Since then in England This garden crop is even ahead of roses in its popularity.
Swiss A separate holiday was allocated for the daffodil, celebrated on the first Sunday of May. On this day, the streets were decorated with colorful flags, and the windows and doors of houses were decorated with garlands of daffodils. These flowers were dazzling everywhere - in the hands of ladies in the form of bouquets, in the buttonholes of gentlemen in the form of boutonnieres, there were even daffodils in the manes of horses. And in the evening the climax of the holiday came - the battle of flowers, in which the daffodil invariably won.
In Prussia There was another tradition - when a girl got married, she had to take a narcissus flower with her from her parents’ house. She was charged with nurturing and cherishing this symbol of love and family well-being. What kind of flower a girl has, such will be the family hearth and happiness in the house.
In the old days, European healers offered men a potion made from narcissus bulbs, which they should drink in order to maintain physical attractiveness in the eyes of women and improve potency. Women also used this product, rubbing it on their breasts to better maintain their shape.
In Chinese medicine the recipe for using narcissus as a anti-mastitis medications. Doctors ground the crushed bulbs of the plant with a thick porridge of rice or rye flour and applied to the affected area 3 times a day, then washed off warm water. And it still helps!
Nowadays, essential oils and alkaloids contained in these plants have found wide use both in medicine and in perfumery. But, as you know, these plants found their widest use in.
Classification of daffodils
Over the centuries-old history of this plant, people have created an order 27 thousand hybrids and varieties of daffodils. Of course, in order to understand this variety of shapes and colors, it was created classification of daffodils, dividing them into 13 groups.
1. Tubular daffodils
These are plants with single flowers, in which the corolla grows in the form of a large tube equal to or larger than the size of the perianth lobes. Tubular daffodils reach a height of 15 cm to 45 cm, the color of the flowers is either white, yellow, or two-color with a snow-white perianth and tube yellow.
This group of classic daffodils, blooming in early or mid-spring, feels great in northern latitudes and tolerates cutting well for bouquets. Tubular daffodils can be used for forcing.
Known varieties:
- "King Alfred" with yellow flowers,
- "Mount Hood" with white flowers, when fully opened they acquire a yellow tint,
- miniature varieties "Little Pearl" And "Liliput".
2. Large-crowned daffodils
These plants produce single flowers, their corolla grows into a tube or cup, the size of the corolla is one third the size of the petals. Large-crowned varieties grow up to 60 cm in length, the colors of single-colored varieties are either white or yellow, two-colored varieties have a bright orange crown. Can be used for forcing, bouquets, and landscape design.
Known varieties:
- "Carlton" with a pleasant smell,
- Salome, with flowers that have white petals and a pink calyx with a golden edge.
3. Small-crowned daffodils
They also produce single flowers, a small corolla growing in the shape of a cup, which is why it is called a crown. Small-crowned ones do not grow higher than 45 cm.
Most varieties of this species produce two-color flowers (white or yellow) with a contrasting crown orange color, sometimes the crown has a red border. The flowering period of this species is the longest - from mid-spring to early summer. Suitable for flower beds, forcing, landscape design, cuttings.
The most popular variety – « Barrett Browning"with classic, white petals and a bright orange crown.
4. Double daffodils
Double daffodils have more perianth lobes than other groups, and one peduncle can have from one to 20 flowers. The perianth leaves are arranged in several circles, so this group differs from others in the absence of a tube and terry structure.
Flowers can take on a single color (shades of white, yellow), or two-color, in which the outer lobes can be either white or yellow, and the inner ones can be red or orange. Great for cutting into bouquets.
Known varieties:
- "Irene Copeland" with creamy-white and apricot-cream long petals,
- "Acropolis" with white petals and red streaks in the center, with a wonderful scent,
- "Tahiti" with yellow and orange-red lobes,
- miniature daffodils, 10 to 15 cm in height, with yellowish flowers.
"Rip Van Winkle"
5. Triandrus daffodils
They are hybrids Narcissus triandrus, hence the name. The peduncles of these plants have inflorescences of several (2-6 pieces) drooping flowers. This group grows up to 30 cm in height. Therefore, most often these daffodils are grown for rock gardens and flower arrangements.
The most popular varieties:
- "Ice Wings",
- "Hawera",
- "Liberty Bells".
6. Cyclamenoid daffodils
They got their name from their ancestor - Narcissus cyclamineus. Its flowers resemble cyclamen; on the peduncle it forms only one drooping flower with petals bent back and an elegant thin crown - a tube.
Cyclamenoid daffodils are stunted and do not grow higher than 20 cm. Therefore, they are most often grown for flower beds, alpine slides, curbs. This species blooms earlier than all other small-bulbous species.
The most famous varieties:
- Jetfire,
- "Jack Snip",
- "Beryl".
7. Jonquil daffodils
These plants are descendants Narcissus jonquilla and are distinguished by extremely elegant flowers, thin and flexible leaves. Small fragrant flowers of jonquil-shaped daffodils are collected in a brush in the form of an umbrella on a thin peduncle. They are low, 20-30cm in height. They bloom from April to June, are used for flower beds; in one place these bulbous plants can grow without replanting for up to 7 years.
The most famous varieties:
- "Baby Moon" With small flowers yellow color,
- "Belle Song" with white petals and pinkish cupped crowns.
8. Taceta daffodils
They have small fragrant round flowers, collected 4-6 pieces on one peduncle. The color is traditional for daffodils - yellow or white, the shortened crown or calyx is orange.
Taceta-shaped daffodils grow up to 45 cm. A distinctive feature is that they are persistent, hardy, and can easily tolerate sudden temperature changes. But they prefer areas with a mild climate. Ideal option for forcing.
The most popular varieties:
- "Geranium",
- "Gregford",
- "Grand Soleil d'Or".
9. Poetic daffodils
This is the most favorite group among our flower growers - amateurs, with single odorous, large flowers classic colors with white petals and a small corrugated flat crown of orange color with a red border. The plant reaches a height of 50 cm. They bloom later than other daffodils. Most often grown for bouquets.
The most popular poetics :
- "Aktaea" (Actaea),
- "Sarchedon",
- "Red Rim".
One of the shortest early-blooming daffodils, the flowers are small with holly-leaved bright yellow petals and a large funnel-shaped crown. For this they were nicknamed “hoop-skirts”.
IN garden culture very rare, natural habitat natural growth– Mediterranean mountains (at least 3000 above sea level).
11. Split-crowned daffodils
Also one of the most popular varieties of daffodils among Russian gardeners. These hybrids of large-crowned daffodils are distinguished by the shape of the crown, reminiscent of a butterfly, tricolor colors, and large flowers. This group grows up to 50 cm in height.
The most famous varieties:
- "Valdrom" (Narcissus Valdrome),
- "Cassata",
- "Orangerie",
- "Pink Wonder".
"Orangerie"
12. Other daffodils
This group includes new varieties of daffodils, which were not included in the previous groups. The most attractive in this subgroup , having a large corrugated crown with deep slits, the lobes of the crown between the slits are bent, which gives the flower a rather unusual appearance. The crown can be either red, orange, white or yellow.
Most often these are low plants resistant to diseases and temperature changes. Therefore, they are grown for rock gardens and the creation of natural landscapes.
13. Species daffodils
This group includes wild daffodils . As a rule, they do not grow higher than 30 cm, the shape and color of the flower are close to the classic ones.
You can learn agricultural techniques for growing daffodils in open ground and forcing methods.
This group falls into three types. Therefore, here we will familiarize ourselves with representatives of each type separately.
Yellow trumpet daffodils. Especially interesting representative This type is a narcissist Maximus (N. maximus). It is deservedly famous and has been cultivated for a long time.
The large, brightly colored, yellow flowers of this narcissus on stems reaching a height of 75 centimeters or more attract attention even when planted next to new, larger varieties. The flower tube at the base is dark green, higher up (to the base of the perianth segments) it becomes bright green. In the south it blooms at the end of January, in more northern regions– later. Requires loose, nutritious and permeable soil, needs deep planting.
Narcissus also deserves great interest Obvallaris (N. obvallaris, Hort) (Fig. 1), belonging to the same group and type. This is a very characteristic low growing, early flowering form. Distinctive feature It consists of a wide open tube and wide flat perianth segments. The color of the flowers is bright yellow. In gardens it does less well than other forms, although it grows well among grass in deep clay soils. It is quite suitable for cultivation under glass and can bloom in February.
Rice. 1. Narcissus variety Obvallaris (N. obvallaris, Hort)
Among other representatives of yellow trumpet daffodils, it is worth noting the varieties that are becoming widespread in our country - Golden Spar, Henry Irving And King Alfred(Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Narcissus variety King Alfred
White trumpet daffodils. Of the varieties belonging to this type, the most famous are: Madame de Graf, Mrs. Criledge And White Knight. The following varieties are very good for planting among shrubs and on lawns: 1) Milner, the flowers of which are, strictly speaking, not white, but slightly creamy in color; 2) Peter Barr with very large white flowers; 3) Birshiba(Fig. 3), distinguished by its extremely large flower size (up to 13 cm in diameter) and its brilliant whiteness; 4) Kantara with even larger flowers than Birshiba, very beautiful shape.
Rice. 3. Narcissus variety Birshiba
White trumpet daffodils are especially good when cut and placed in wide vases, in which they should be placed together with branches of blueberries, unblown branches of red plum or young leaves and branches of hawthorn.
Two-color trumpet daffodils. Of this group, the first to be noted is the so-called Pseudonarcissist(Fig. 4). It is widespread in the wild throughout Europe and is often found in eastern Transcaucasia, where it grows on mountain slopes. Due to its undemanding nature, this is one of the best daffodils for naturalization on lawns and in rare parklands. Propagates well by self-sowing (if the seeds ripen). Its slender stems are very characteristic. The flowers are yellow in color: pale at the perianth and darker at the tube (crown).
Rice. 4. Narcissus variety Pseudonarcissus
A very fragrant (vanilla-smelling) variety deserves attention. Spring glory(Fig. 5), which is easily distilled and is one of the best varieties for pot culture in the rooms.
Rice. 5. Narcissus variety Spring Glory
It is also necessary to note well-known varieties Impress And Emperor.
Regarding use (for planting in gardens and cutting), two-color trumpet daffodils can be divided into two groups: 1) with a dark yellow tube (for example Impress), giving a sharp contrast in color with the perianth; 2) with a lemon-yellow tube, which in color gives a less sharp contrast with the white or cream perianth.
Recently, relatively few new varieties with dark yellow tubes have appeared. Much more varieties with lemon-yellow or pale yellow tubes have appeared. Of the latter, we note two varieties of remarkable beauty: 1) Mistress Madge - for late forcing, with beautifully crimped edges of the tube in a soft “primrose” tone; 2) Glen Rose; with remarkably beautiful colors and shapes of flowers; 3) _Ptolemy is the earliest variety, blooming in January, with large (up to 10 cm in diameter) flowers. II.
II. Incomparabilis. There is a culture a whole series varieties belonging to this group. At the same time, some of the original varieties, valuable as strong growing plants, have survived to this day. These are, for example, Better and Eggs with yellow flowers of two shades: Eggs and Bacon, with sulfur-white segments and dark orange crowns. The variety is very famous Sir Watkiy, but subsequently it is replaced by the variety Fortune which has very large flowers with a bright orange crown.
Fortune– an early variety that is very valuable for cutting, blooms for a long time and retains its color well (unless exposed to unfavorable weather); plant height – 60 cm (Fig. 6).
Rice. 6. Narcissus variety Fortuna
Of the new varieties, the most outstanding are: Ives(Fig. 7), Airendelle And Havelock.
Ives stands out among other varieties with the darkest brilliant yellow color of the flower. The crown is round, cup-shaped, the flower stem is tall; Blooms early and holds up well when cut. This is a wonderful plant for the garden.
Rice. 7. Narcissus variety Ives
Airendelle has larger flowers than Ives (up to 10 cm in diameter), entirely yellow in color.
Havelock has even larger flowers (up to 12.0 cm in diameter). The crown is darker in color than the perianth; The outer segments are bent slightly downward, and the inner segments are bent upward, which gives the flower a beautiful shape.
One of the most beautiful and always attracting attention are the yellow varieties with a red crown. Of these varieties we note: Damson, Killigrew And Chilios.
Damson has an admixture of red color in the crown, which harmonizes very well with the yellow perianth. This variety is especially beautiful in strong light. The perianth is pale yellow, later becoming almost white, with a blush at the base. A wonderful cut flower.
Killigrew- one of the most vigorous varieties of this group (bush height - 55 cm). The perianth is sulfur-yellow, paler at the edges. The crown is bright orange. The color does not change even in open areas.
Chilios has a beautifully folded yellow perianth and an elegant vase-shaped crown, which, when in full bloom, favorable conditions turns dark red-orange. The growth is powerful, the height of the flower stem reaches 45 cm.
Of the varieties with white or whitish perianth and yellow or red crown, we note Gret Worley, Bodilly, Nyssa And Folly.
Gret Worley is one of the best varieties of this group. The flowers are very large, with a bright yellow wide crown, giving a sharp contrast with the pure white perianth. A good garden plant, but for cutting the flowers are not quite perfect in shape and are not durable.
Bodilly- also one of the best varieties with a beautifully formed vase-shaped crown of pure yellow color and an excellently shaped cream perianth. The stem is tall.
Nyssa has a number major advantages: proportionality, structure and beautiful flower shape; its bright yellow crown and tall growth make it especially valuable for gardens.
Folly In terms of color, shape and strength when cut, it is perhaps an even more valuable variety than the previous one. The perianth segments are pure white, uniquely and beautifully curved. The crown has a regular, beautiful shape with notches and wide, but not deep, blades. The color of the crown is bright yellow, turning at the anterior end into a brilliant red “band”, which occupies the upper third of the inner and outer surface. The color is preserved even in open areas. The plant is tall (55 cm), blooms profusely. Late variety.
The Incomparabilis group has produced a number of very terry forms. Varieties that do not have excessive terry are beautiful in large groups among shrubs and herbaceous plants. All terry varieties are good for cutting; they remain in bloom for a long time and give a rich combination of colors when several varieties are placed in a wide-necked vase. Of the terry varieties we mention Aprilcott phoenix, with a predominant delicate sulfur color, and an apricot-yellow hue, reminiscent of a tea rose, at the base of the segments, darkening towards the center; Primrose Phoenix– a good, dark yellow variety, full of doubleness, with six circles of well-formed perianth segments; Plenipo with round, densely double flowers, with alternating light and dark yellow colors; Silver rose, which has a beautifully shaped creamy-white perianth and a cream-colored crown, and the center is filled with less regularly formed petals of both colors; Mary Copland– one of the best terry varieties this section(Fig. 8).
Rice. 8. Narcissus variety Mary Copland
III Barry. One of the most famous original, but still the most common varieties of this section is the narcissus Barry(original form). This variety grows well among grass (on lawns) and in borders, grows quickly and blooms even when its bushes age and become dense. The perianth is initially bright yellow and then turns pale, especially in the center of each segment; at this time, its softened tones harmonize even better with the brilliant red edge of the crown.
Varieties without red and orange crown color in the group Barry relatively little. One of the achievements in this group is the variety Edgwin. This is a “giant” among other representatives of the Barry group, the flower of which reaches up to 13.0 cm in diameter. Plant height 65 cm. Perianth – ideal shape, pale yellow “primrose” color; the crown is even paler.
Varieties with a crown with a red edge are more numerous. The most interesting of this group are: Dainki And Brightling.
Flower Dainki shaped like a butterfly; the petals look like wax, the color of the flower is yellow with a green tint, and the calyx has a narrow red border.
Brightling- very beautiful, with a rounded yellow perianth and a yellow, lobed (folded) crown with a dark orange border.
Forms with pale perianth moved forward when varieties appeared Albatross(very tall) and Segall. These are some of the best varieties for planting in stripes and for creating mass patches of cool tones among groups of herbaceous plants that bloom later.
Other varieties in this group deserve mention Anthony And Sunrise(Fig. 9).
Anthony has a tall white flower with flat perianths; the crown is small, of an original shape with a beautiful salmon-pink color along the edges.
Sunrise well known as one of the earliest varieties with a brightly colored crown. Its white perianth at the base has bright yellow “rays” extending from a yellow, red-edged crown; Excellent for cutting, but should be protected from sunlight. Particularly beautiful are the flowers that develop in rooms from half-open (at the time of cutting) buds. It is not suitable for planting in gardens, as it quickly fades and has brittle yellowish-green leaves that look as if they are sick, and the plant itself dies in early May and at this time has an ugly brown-yellow color. Recently, varieties have appeared Barry with a pure white perianth and a dark red crown, e.g. Heades, Karminou, Red Bacon and others.
Rice. 9. Narcissus variety Sunrise
IV. Lidsey. Group representatives Lidsey They have an unusual richness of colors for daffodils and an excellent flower shape, and some varieties even come close to orchids in color and structure of the flower. To this we must add that in culture they are relatively unpretentious. One of the most interesting varieties for us is Tsarina; very tall (important for cutting), with flowers up to 13.0 cm across with ruffled petals and a lemon-yellow crown.
V . Hybrids of Narcissus Triandrus. This group of daffodils is little known among us, although it deserves a lot of attention. Hybrids of Narcissus Triandrus are very numerous, the best of which are considered: Viscountess Northcliffe, with white flowers; Venice, with white flowers; Down(Fig. 10), an exceptionally beautiful variety; Silver Himes, with a perianth of excellent whiteness and shape and a lemon-yellow crown; Snezhnaya lily, etc.
Rice. 10. Narcissus variety Down
VI. Hybrids of Narcissus Cyclamineus. Hybrids of Narcissus Cyclamineus are even less known than Lidsey, and are not of particular interest to us at present.
VII. Jonquils. Plants in this group are distinguished from other daffodils by their dark green, round, semi-cylindrical leaves and flowers with a short crown.
The main type is the narcissist Jonquilia(Fig. 11) is widespread in Southern Europe as a naturalized plant. Its leaves resemble ordinary onions, about 23.0 cm in length, slightly groove-shaped on the upper side. The weak, rounded stem bears two to six dark yellow, cup-shaped flowers with a strong, pleasant scent. Two or three flowers Jonquils can fill a large room with their aroma. This is an old garden plant that can remain in one place for a number of years if it is somewhat protected and receives good sun. Jonquils extremely widespread in culture and have great industrial importance. Several varieties are known Jonquils, but in general there are few of them, and they differ little from the main type.
Rice. 11. Narcissus variety Jonquil
Jonquils gave a number of very important hybrid forms, whose dark, erect and narrow leaves are much more beautiful than the wide leaves of other groups. Their positive features are also tall stems bearing 2 to 3 flowers that open sequentially, and the beautiful structure of a wide and rounded perianth. In addition to these advantages, hybrids Jonquils when cut, they remain fresh and fragrant for a longer time than others. Of the hybrid varieties, the following deserve special attention: Bettercap, Lenars, Frevitian, Xesla, Polmes, Penpaul.
Bettercap is one of the most famous varieties. This beautiful plant with a single-flowered stem. The flowers are pure yellow, the perianth is 7.5 cm across. The crown is equal in length to the segments. Very fragrant, valuable for cutting variety.
Lenars– one of the most vigorous varieties: often has two flowers per stem. The crown is flat, and during full flowering it is brightly colored orange.
Frevitian more pale color than the previous one, with a perianth of longer, wavy segments. Powerful growth(55 cm) and two-flowered stem make it a very valuable garden plant.
Hesla has larger and flatter flowers with a short, open, wavy crown of a single color; perianth – pale yellow.
Polmes even larger and paler than Hesla. Stem up to 50 cm in height; flowers are single, yellow, very beautiful, up to 9 cm in diameter. The outer segments are wide and flat, while the inner segments, with concave edges, are beautifully tapered at the base and project slightly forward, the crown is short with a gracefully corrugated edge.
Penpaul– a very large variety with 2–3 flowers per stem. The perianth is flat, the crown is large, open, very bright yellow, darker in color than Polmes And Hesla. The perianth is ribbed in structure. The stem reaches 50 cm (to the ovary). The coloring of the underside of the segments is darker inner surface, thanks to which this variety stands out noticeably as one of the dark ones.
VIII. Tazettas. Tazettas are best characterized as “bunch-flowered” daffodils, since the number of flowers on their stem reaches up to 12 (more often, however, there are from 4 to 8).
Tazettas have a wide variety of shapes, which can be divided into three groups: 1) bicolor - with a white perianth and a yellow or orange funnel; 2) forms in which both the perianth and the crown are white; 3) forms in which the perianth and crown are yellow.
Two-color tazettas. This group consists of two sections: A) forms with an orange crown; b) forms with a pale yellow crown.
The first section also includes the main type, Narcissus Tazetta. This form is extremely widespread and has many varieties, differing from each other in the size and shape of the crown. Narcissus Tazetta develops well in cultivated soils and is easily propagated by division, even with conventional plowing or digging up the soil.
Of the individual varieties of this form, it is necessary to note the variety Gloriosus. It is significantly improved compared to the wild form. This is one of the best old varieties for early forcing; blooms in December. Gloriosus It has a wonderful scent, reminiscent of lemon mixed with the scent of jasmine.
Among other varieties, it is worth mentioning Chinese variety, known by the strange name Sacred Chinese Lily. This variety grows very easily in water and is therefore suitable for growing in glass. Huge, rough-looking bulbs with many tips and shoots usually produce 5 to 10 flower stems. The flowers are white with an orange crown, very similar to the variety Gloriosus, with the same pleasant smell, but their perianth tube is longer and the crown is more correct form. Leaves are up to 2.5 cm wide and up to 25 cm long. The topmost flower is usually located another 10–12 cm higher. When cultured in water, the best results are obtained in vessels of such depth that the roots remain at least 10 cm to the bottom. The bulbs can be placed between stones (but do not lift them), but the water should only cover the bulbs.
From the second section of bicolor tazettas (with a pale yellow crown), two varieties should be noted: Primo(Fig. 12) and Grand Monarch.
Primo– vintage early flowering variety with dense heads of several flowers, usually appearing in February. The flower has strong smell jasmine: white perianth, pale lemon crown. It is sometimes cultivated in greenhouses for forcing tomatoes.
Rice. 12. Narcissus variety Primo
Grand Monarch different crown lemon color and very large beautifully formed flowers. This variety grows well, but blooms somewhat later than others. Among the tazettas with a lemon-yellow crown, Grand Monarch the only variety that grows well and reliably in the ground.
White tazettas. A typical representative of this group is the narcissist Papyraceus– the most vigorous variety that reproduces well in open ground (Fig. 13).
Rice. 13. Narcissus variety Papiraceus
Among other representatives, we note the narcissist Broussoneti And Papyraceus grandiflorus, otherwise called Paper white(Fig. 14).
Rice. 14. Narcissus variety Paper white
Broussoneti in general appearance it belongs to the group of tazettas with white flowers, but differs sharply from other representatives of this group in the rudimentary development or even complete absence of a crown and prominent stamens. This is a relatively tender plant, rarely found in Europe, but very interesting.
Papiraceus grandiflorus is the largest variety of this group. This is a very old garden plant, the bulbs of which are used in large quantities for forcing for cutting. It is driven out so early and easily that it can bloom as early as December, and is therefore the first daffodil to appear to replace chrysanthemums. Its flower outline is star-shaped and the perianth segments are longer in relation to the crown than most other tazetta forms. The perianth segments are pure white, slightly translucent and loose in structure compared to the dense structure and dull tones of all yellow-crowned tazettas. It has an "extra" scent, which however lacks the refreshing lemon scent. Its industrial significance is very great.
Yellow tazettas. Of this group, the most interesting are the narcissus Italian And Soleil d’op(Fig. 15).
Rice. 15. Narcissus variety Soleil d'or
The Italian daffodil has an essentially white perianth, but the presence of a yellow tint in this white color and the lemon-yellow crown make it belong to this group. This variety often propagates by self-sowing. Its growth is strong, but in more northern regions it usually blooms too late and rarely. Even in favorable locations, near the sea, its flowers are smaller than in southern France, where the flowers reach up to 5 cm in diameter.
Soleil d’op before the variety appears Fortune was one of the most brilliant yellow varieties with an orange, almost scarlet crown. In terms of growth power, size, early flowering and color, it is considered one of the best tazettas. It has been known in culture since the first half of the 18th century and was widespread among us.
Hybrid tazettas. Most of the hybrid varieties of this group came from crossing tazettas with narcissus poetic(Fig. 16), and some of them arose naturally (for example Biflorus), and some are obtained artificially (for example Batzelman, Capri and others). Many of these varieties, along with tazettas, are considered very valuable bouquet-flowered daffodils for cultivation in pots and for forcing. They fall into two groups: with white perianth
and with yellow. The most outstanding varieties are: Alsace, Aspasia, Elvira, Agnes, Jellyfish and a number of others.
Rice. 16. Narcissus variety poetic
IX. Narcissus is poetic. This species includes 9 independent subspecies, which are divided into two groups. The first group includes 5 species that have the following common characteristics: the stamens are uneven, the perianth segments are short-narrowed and overlap at the bottom in a tiled manner, the crown is flat. The second group unites 4 species with the following common characteristics: the stamens are almost even, the perianth segments below are usually narrowed. For horticultural purposes, these forms can be divided into early forms, of which the best known is the variety Ornathus(Fig. 17) and later ones, like Recurvus(Fig. 18).
Ornathus is an early flowering variety that is easily driven and grows freely in open ground in beds or grass.
Rice. 17. Narcissus variety Ornatus
Recurvus(pheasant's eye) has strong growth, late flowering and is very graceful. The extraordinary whiteness of its strong, reflexed segments and the remarkable color of the greenish-yellow crown with a crimson border provide a wonderful end to the flowering period of daffodils. Its smell, having an admixture of aroma nutmeg, is too strong, especially if you place a lot of flowers in a small room.
Rice. 18. Narcissus variety Recurvus
Of the varieties in this group, mention should be made Sarkhedon, Tiddlewinks And Estrella(Fig. 19).
The poetic narcissus has long had double forms, for example Poeticus plenus, Gardenia narcissus etc., which in favorable conditions represent excellent plants, but they are not successful everywhere. To thrive, they require rich, deep soil and a relatively even climate; If, during their development, sudden changes in temperature are observed, for example, there are cold nights or, conversely, dry hot days, the buds often do not develop. And yet, in many areas, double varieties are very valuable plants, blooming at the end of May, when other varieties have already faded.
Rice. 19. Narcissus variety Estrella
X. Other (wild) daffodils. In practice, from this group we can only be interested in autumn species that bloom, unlike all others, in late autumn, as well as a very valuable species for us - narcissus Bulbocodium(Fig. 20).
Rice. 20. Narcissus variety Bulbocodium
The most famous of this group are two species: narcissus Viridiflorus(Fig. 21) and daffodil Serotinus(Fig. 22). The first blooms in November, the second in December. These species would be an excellent addition to selections of winter, early spring and late spring daffodils and could fill the darkest seasons with their flowering. They also work very well when grown under glass, if certain requirements are met (mainly regarding the complete ripening of the bulbs and the composition of the soil in the pots). The life activity of these species begins with the fall of autumn rains after a period of rest caused by the usual summer drought and heat.
Rice. 21. Narcissus variety Viridiflorus
The narcissist Viridiflorus the stem and leaf are bright green, rounded, like an onion. Strong bulbs produce leaves up to 25 cm long; in damper places the leaves are usually twice as wide as those of plants from dry areas. The bulbs in damp places are close to the surface, but normally they are located at a depth of 10–15 cm and when hard clay soil They are quite difficult to dig out. The bulbs, deeply rooted in the soil, are spherical, but in cultivation they lengthen, narrow and become similar to the bulbs of one- or two-year-old seedlings of various varieties of daffodils.
Rice. 22. Narcissus variety Serotinus
The flowering bulb has two integumentary leaves, but the inner one is only an underdeveloped leaf with a tubular base, sometimes bearing a small projection; thus, the number of bulb scales formed annually is limited to only two. The same is observed in non-flowering bulbs, in which no stem is formed, and only the bases of the integumentary and true leaves produce bulb scales; the latter are unusually thick and fleshy.
The stem, peduncle, ovary and underside of the segments appear to be a dull bluish color. Upon magnification, it is clear that the bluish color is due to dots scattered across the dark green surface of the leaf; on the inner side of the perianth segments, these white dots are more irregular in shape, coarser and more “mealy”. The green color of the perianth and crown is a feature of this species.
Although this wonderful daffodil reaches a small size and is comparatively difficult to cultivate, it is so interesting and has such a pleasant smell that it needs to be introduced into culture. IN individual years it grows strongly and blooms beautifully, but when kept under glass in a cool room it does not always grow well and in some years it does not produce either leaves or stems; the very next year, after transplanting in August, it usually gives strong and healthy growth. Good results were obtained by planting the bulbs in pots and hanging them under the glass of the greenhouse, so that the bulbs dried thoroughly and matured during the rest period.
Narcissus Serotinus the most common of the autumn species. It is a small plant that grows in hot, dry places; It is quite difficult to cultivate. Narcissus flowers Serotinus brilliant white with a bright orange tint to the small lobes of the crown. The smell is strong and very pleasant, reminiscent of jasmine.
In conclusion, let us dwell on an extremely characteristic species, sharply different from other daffodils and very valuable to us, namely the narcissus Bulbocodium. This species occurs in two forms: with white flowers and with yellow flowers.
White Bulbocodium grows on rocky soils, among small shrubs, in the shade; the yellow one prefers open places and almost always grows on rocks, on flat ledges, forming turfs, while the white form grows singly or 2-3 together.
For cultivation in open ground white bulbocodium very valuable for pot culture. IN early age Its pure white flowers have a brilliant hue; later the color fades, but still remains beautiful. The yellow form can be conveniently divided for practical purposes into pale lemon yellow and dark yellow.
The pale lemon-yellow form is often found in damp soils, where it produces larger flowers than other forms. In general, the whole plant is extremely original and elegant. The height reaches 15–20 cm. It works well on damp soils, but it grows even better in cool, mossy places in forests and on grassy, damp slopes, where this form reproduces by self-sowing. One of the best dark yellow garden forms is known as Conspicus. Its leaves are beautiful, erect, the tube and the underside of the segments have green spots.
Narcissus is a monocotyledonous flowering plant belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. One of the most common flowering plants among domestic flower growers, the varietal variety is so large that it is no longer possible to say the exact number. A characteristic feature of the culture is the presence of ribbon-shaped leaves of different widths, as well as bulbs. Inflorescences are formed at the top of a leafless stem, which is covered with a membranous membrane.
Popular varieties of daffodils. Brief description
Depending on the variety, plants can be multi-flowered or single. The perianth is petal-shaped and includes six components. Visually, the flowers are a lobed or solid bell, which has a triangular lower ovary and six stamens.
Please note: Thanks to the rich, pleasant aroma that the plant exudes during flowering, it was used in ancient times to make perfume.
The flower grows most readily in Europe, but is also common in Mediterranean countries. There is a wide variety of varieties, the main ones are:
- Narcissus Replete. Narcissus Replit multiplies vegetative way. It tolerates direct sunlight, and lush flowering can be seen in shade and partial shade. Each stem produces several wide, flat leaves that are rich green in color. Several buds can form on one peduncle, flowers of a soft pink color are formed, the terry edging has a tint of peach tones. The height of the plant can reach 50 cm. They are actively used for landscaping garden plots.
Narcissus Reply
- Narcissus Acropolis is a white flower that was once brought from the Iberian Islands. It grows readily on mountain slopes, especially in places with large vegetation, including weeds. In the wild it can be found in pine forests and in places with acidified soil. An adult plant can reach a height of 35 cm. It is propagated by the bulbous method; they are characterized by a spherical shape and a diameter of no more than 4 cm. A large number of green thin leaves are formed on the stem. It begins to grow actively in mid-spring, flowering duration is no more than 10 days.
- Narcissus Yellow Chirfulness was brought to us from France and southern Italy. It grows readily on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains. As the name suggests, the flowers are deep yellow in color and small in size. An adult plant can reach no more than 30 cm. It is propagated by bulbs, their diameter does not exceed 5 cm, they are characterized by a round and oval shape. The diameter of a blossoming flower is on average 4 cm. The variety usually blooms in mid-May, the flowering duration is 15 days.
- Narcissus Erlichir was brought back in 1520 from western Italy. A characteristic feature of the variety is not only its pale pink color, but also its height; it can reach 45 cm. The leaves are characterized by a dark green color, they are wider than those of other varieties. During flowering, one flower is formed on the stem. It reproduces with the help of bulbs; the bulbs of adult plants reach a diameter of 5 cm. The plant blooms with the arrival of May. To preserve the flower, you need to dig up the bulbs and keep them in a dark place until it warms up.
Narcissus Erlichir
- Narcissus Cassata belongs to the cyclamen group. The variety was bred in 1584, brought to Russia from Germany and the Caucasus mountains. The plant has a short stature, as a rule, it does not exceed 25 cm. One inflorescence is formed on the peduncle, the bud is strongly lowered to the ground. The color is bright yellow, the petals are raised upward.
- Narcissus Obdam belongs to the double group of plants. During flowering it exudes a pleasant, refined aroma. Each flower is formed on a separate peduncle, the color is beige tones. The buds are impressive in size; when opened, their diameter can reach 10 cm. The height can reach half a meter. Flowering duration is no more than 10-12 days.
- Narcissus Tahiti. Narcissus Tahiti has large double inflorescences, the height of which reaches 10 cm. The main color of the petals is yellow. Inside there is a red-orange crown. In phase active growth The height of the plant reaches 35 cm. It has dark green leaves that form below the buds. The variety reproduces vegetatively, grows on personal plots. Prefers moist soil and sunlight. Towards the end of flowering, the richness of the color fades, but the pleasant aroma continues to exude.
- Narcissus Avalon was brought from mountainous places. In the wild, the flower grows near water bodies and on hills. The culture is growing rapidly, and he likes the proximity to chestnut trees. For lush flowering, the flower must be provided with the optimal amount of moisture. The plant reaches half a meter in height. They reproduce by bulbs, which are shaped like a chicken egg. One bush is capable of producing no more than 5 flat leaves. They are characterized by a rich green color. The flowers are produced white, the core is bright yellow. The diameter of the blooming flower reaches 6 cm, the flowering duration is 12 days.
Narcissus Avalon
- Terry narcissus Rip Van Winkle can also grow on open area and among the trees. The maximum height that the plant can reach is 30 cm. It grows in moist and fertile soil and does not tolerate drought well. It has wide leaves. The color of the flowers is deep yellow. Soon after flowering, the plant is dug up and stored in a dry, dark place, and planted shortly after winter.
- Narcissus Golden Ducat belongs to the Large-crowned group and was obtained in 1967 in Northern Ireland. The perianth lobes are obovate in shape and have a snow-white color. Peduncles are strong. The variety is resistant to a large number diseases and pests.
- Narcissus Irene Copeland belongs to the old varieties belonging to the terry group. The perianth is white, broadly elliptical in shape. The corn has a terry coating, the color is soft pink. The peduncles are formed fragile, the flower is quite heavy, for this reason it often lies down.
- Narcissus Carlton was bred back in 1948. The variety belongs to the group of split-crown varieties. Each perianth lobe is snow-white in color, the crown is star-shaped, and parts of the crown are dissected. In the center of each beam there is a characteristic yellow stripe. The average flowering time is usually no more than 10 days.
- Narcissus Orangerie - a variety belonging to the small-crowned group, was obtained in the Netherlands in 1938. The color of the perianth is yellow. The crown has wavy edges and a deep yellow color. This variety has one significant drawback - it is affected by pests and diseases.
Narcissus Orangerie
- Las Vegas daffodil is perhaps one of the best among the mid-flowering varietal varieties. Has attractive decorative properties. It can reach a height of 25 to 40 cm. The perianth lobes are characterized by oval shapes with pointed ends and are milky-white in color. The flowers are arranged horizontally. Duration is up to three weeks, the active growth phase begins in mid-spring. Grows in sunny areas and in partial shade.
- Narcissus Flyer terry is a fairly effective variety; the inflorescences are snow-white in color. The crown is expressive, has wavy edges, and changes color at each phase of its growth: to initial stage the shade is rich peach, then gradually fades.
- Narcissus Bridal Crown is an American variety that was developed in 1960. Each component of the perianth has an elliptical shape and a snow-white color. The crown is wavy and gradually changes its color: at the initial stage it is bright orange with a pink edge, at the end it changes orange tones comes pink. Flowering duration is average.
- Narcissus Apricot Whirl is very beautiful and durable. The color of the inflorescences is white with a slight yellowish tint. The crown is characterized by a rather large size with jagged edges, and the color is bright yellow. Flowering duration is average.
Narcissus Apricot Whirl
Planting and care
Daffodils belong to the group of perennials. They can grow in partial shade, but still prefer sunny areas; winter hardiness is average. The plants are unpretentious in care and planting, and they do not take much time from the agronomist. It grows readily on ordinary garden soil and loves moderate moisture.
Important: The ideal place for growing is an area with medium shade, the soil is loamy.
A month before the expected planting date, mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as peat and sand, must be added to the soil. The most favorable time for planting is the second or third ten days of September. Thanks to this, the bulbs have the opportunity to take root in a new place and adapt. Also, the crop can be grown in a pot. Shortly before planting, the bulbs must be treated with a disinfectant, for example, a weak solution of manganese. The optimal temperature range for the development of perennials is +18-22 degrees.
Please note: The bulbs of these plants do not need to be replanted for several years. Experienced agronomists recommend growing daffodils in one place for no more than six years.
Caring for daffodils
Care does not include any unusual requirements. Basic care and regular addition of minerals and minerals to the soil are sufficient. organic fertilizers(the optimal frequency during the growing season is 3 times). The first feeding is carried out shortly after the appearance of the first shoots, the second - during the formation of buds and the third - shortly after flowering. There is no need to fertilize after flowering.
Please note: To create floral arrangements, it is recommended to break out flowers rather than cut them off. This method is less traumatic for a flowering crop.
For wintering and reproduction, it is necessary to use only high-quality and healthy planting material. The bulbs should be elastic to the touch and large in size. The color of the covering scales is white or yellow. Their obvious peeling may indicate the course of various fungal diseases.
The flowering period is usually long, from April to June. When growing crops in the northern regions of the country, it is necessary to cover the plants before the onset of frost.
Watering daffodils
Diseases and pests
Daffodils, unfortunately, are susceptible to a large number of diseases and pest attacks. The most common pathologies:
- Sclerotial rot;
- A serious disease is fusarium.
As for insects, the plant is susceptible to attack by the following pests:
- Thrips;
- Stem, bulb and root nematodes;
- Bulb and narcissus flies.
Daffodils are attractive bulbous perennial plants that have good decorative properties. Thanks to the great abundance of varieties and species, every agronomist has the opportunity to create an incredible flower arrangement in their flower beds.
