The desire to get rid of excess heat loss appears in people after the first winter in a new home. Sometimes this happens later. A poorly insulated roof causes high gas consumption during heating season. In addition, the understanding comes that by insulating the attic, you can turn it into another room.
Modern roofers attach waterproofing to the rafters before installing the sheathing. This is needed more for painted metal coatings. Wicker structure waterproofing material allows the roof to “breathe” without letting moisture in. Condensation will not get on the wood, and it will remain dry.
It’s not in vain that it’s written about waterproofing here - this is a mandatory outer layer. Many types of insulation lose their properties when wet, even if they are dried after that.
Roof insulation
First of all, it must be non-flammable material. When choosing insulation, you need to make sure of this. Of course, no one in the store or at the base will allow you to set it on fire, but this is not necessary. It is enough to study its certificate and visit the official website of the manufacturer, where there should be plenty of information about this material.
All insulation materials have both disadvantages and advantages, and yet many experts choose mineral wool. There is a reason:
- the weight of mineral wool is very small;
- it serves as excellent thermal insulation;
- high noise absorption capacity;
- this material does not burn;
- elastic, retains its shape.
Unlike materials such as polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam, mineral wool does not require additional ventilation in the room.
In addition, one of its important properties is intolerance to mice. This means that the roof insulation will retain its properties much longer, remaining intact and untouched by rodents.
Waterproofing device
If the roof is under construction, it is necessary to foresee the possibility of insulating it from the inside in the future. To do this, it is stretched over the frame of the rafter system waterproofing film with an overlap of 10 cm so that moisture flowing from above falls on the underlying layer and not under it. Only after this is the lath, which creates a ventilation layer, and the sheathing attached to the rafters. Professionals always take this point into account, prudently protecting the structure from moisture.
Now we need to consider the case when the roof is covered, and the waterproofing, according to various reasons, absent.
Pulls first upper layer, from the first to the last rafters, from the “ridge”. In this case, part of the material should transfer to the adjacent slope, serving as an overlap for the lower layer. The waterproofing strip is stapled to the sheathing with inside and to the rafters, wrapping them around. Wherein internal corner between the rafters and the sheathing should not be “smooth”. The material must be in tension. If lathing is not enough to ensure this, it needs to be increased more often.
The next layer is superimposed on the previous one with an overlap of 10 cm (the insulation will be protected from moisture from the outside, and not from the inside, where it will not exist). This continues until the place where the rafters are attached to the wall. You should try to extend the lower waterproofing beyond the wall.
It is advisable to glue the overlaps with strong tape.
Laying insulation
The insulation is laid in the reverse order - from bottom to top. Mineral wool can be easily cut with a stationery knife, be it a slab or roll material.
The width should be slightly greater than the length of the span between the rafters. This will eliminate the possibility of gaps appearing during installation. Most likely, the material will “slip” out of place, because waterproofing can be slippery. To do this, you can stretch a thin cord or fishing line that will hold the cotton wool. You don't have to take them off at all.
The layer of mineral wool should correspond to the thickness of the rafter legs, most often it is 15 cm.
All work with mineral wool must be carried out in a respirator, tightly protecting glasses and clothing that reliably hides everything. open areas bodies. This will protect the body from airborne particles of material entering it.
The insulation is laid tightly; at the joints it should slightly overlap the joint of the previous section of mineral wool.
Vapor barrier
A vapor barrier device will complete this “sandwich”. It will protect the mineral wool from moisture from the room, preserving the properties of the insulation and preventing it from being blocked.
The vapor barrier film is stretched starting from the bottom. Each top layer is laid on the bottom - with an overlap of 10 cm. It is attached to the rafters using a stapler, and the joints are sealed.
For greater efficiency, all joints can be filled polyurethane foam.
This type of insulation, in addition to gas costs, will relieve home owners from the tedious patter of raindrops on the roof and from the noise of hail.
Video
This video shows how the roof is insulated from the inside:
When installing a pitched roof structure, the roof is most often insulated from the inside. Installation flat roof First of all, it involves using an external heat-insulating layer, and adding an internal one only if necessary.
Preparation for installation of insulation
The key function of a house roof is protection. building structures from external influences and heat preservation in rooms. High-quality insulation helps maintain a favorable microclimate in the house in any season and in any weather. A properly installed thermal insulation layer is designed for long-term service and does not affect the condition of building structures.
When choosing insulation, it is important to consider whole line characteristics, including:
- thermal conductivity;
- installation technology;
- durability.
The minimum thickness of the insulation layer is 25 mm. The optimal thickness of the heat insulator is 100 mm. Specific indicators are recommended to be calculated individually depending on the requirements for heat saving and climatic features region.
Materials suitable for insulating the roof of a house from the inside include:
- mineral wool heat insulators in rolls and slabs;
- polymer board materials;
- polymer sprayed materials;
- natural environmentally friendly insulation (mats made of seaweed or straw, cork, ecowool, etc.)
If you intend to insulate the roof from the inside with your own hands, it is recommended to resort to the installation of roll or slab materials. This is the simplest and affordable way provide reliable thermal insulation. Spraying polyurethane foam or penoizol, laying ecowool requires the involvement of specialists with specialized equipment.
Characteristics and cutting of materials
Mineral wool materials include glass wool and stone (basalt) wool. This is a layered material that is resistant to temperature influences. Mineral wool is produced various thicknesses and density, this should be taken into account when choosing insulation based on its technical characteristics.
Mineral wool is environmentally friendly pure material, which does not burn, does not deform over time, is not damaged by microorganisms and rodents, and is a good sound insulator. The disadvantage of cotton wool is its ability to accumulate moisture. Even a relatively small increase in the moisture content of the material (up to 5%) reduces it by half thermal insulation properties. That is why when installing such insulation Special attention paid attention to its proper hydro- and vapor barrier, ventilation of the roofing pie.
Polymer board materials (extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam) received wide use due to its durability, moisture resistance, ease of installation. Extruded polystyrene foam and rigid polyurethane foam have a closed-cell structure and do not absorb moisture. This allows you to mount roofing pie without the use of vapor barriers and ventilation gaps.
The disadvantages of polymer thermal insulation materials include flammability. Such insulation can ignite and smolder, releasing harmful substances. In addition, a roofing pie made using PPU or expanded polystyrene boards does not “breathe”, that is, to ensure normal microcirculation of air in attic room You will need to pay special attention to the ventilation system.
Cutting mineral wool boards must be done with an allowance of 10-15 mm to ensure a tight fit of the insulation to rafter system. Polymer boards compress less well, so they should be cut to size.
Insulating the roof of a house from the inside can be done using environmentally friendly heat insulators. Mats from natural materials(straw, algae, hemp) are mounted similarly to mineral wool slabs. Straw blocks It is recommended to treat with fire retardants, as the material burns well. Hemp mats contain boron salts, which improves the fire resistance of the material. Thermal insulating drains made from algae do not burn, do not rot, in contact with them wooden elements the roofs remain dry, which increases the life of the roof.
Insulation from the inside of a flat roof
Flat roofing is made with external insulation, for which foam concrete, expanded clay, foam glass, slabs of basalt wool or extruded polystyrene foam. But during operation, it may become clear that the existing thermal insulation layer does not fully cope with its functions. In this case, it is necessary to add another layer of insulation from the inside.
In order to properly insulate the roof of a house from the inside, you will need to install wooden sheathing on the ceiling of the rooms located directly under the ceiling. This method has a significant drawback - the ceiling height is reduced. The thickness of the bars chosen for the sheathing must correspond to the thickness of the insulation. This parameter is best determined based on professional thermal calculations.
Bars are packed around the perimeter of the room, then the surface of the ceiling is divided into cells (rectangles or squares) with the same bars. It is recommended to select the width of the cells based on the width of the slab or roll material, taking into account allowances so that the blocks of soft insulation stand up against each other. For rigid slabs, temporary fastenings should be provided, which are removed after filling the joints with foam. polymer boards with wooden frame.
To prevent the insulation from absorbing moisture, a vapor barrier film is attached over the sheathing. It is important to properly glue the joints of the panels and ensure a tight fit of the vapor barrier around the perimeter of the structure. The film is attached to the sheathing with a construction stapler.
Principles of insulating a pitched roof
Insulation technology pitched roof from the inside may vary depending:
- on the type of slab material (soft or hard insulation);
- from the presence of a waterproofing layer under the final roofing covering.
A special membrane or roofing felt can be laid under the sheathing as waterproofing. If waterproofing is available, installation should begin. thermal insulation material. Soft slabs are cut with a small allowance and laid between the rafters. It is first recommended to stretch the cord 3-4 cm from the waterproofing, securing it with nails to create a ventilation gap. Plates from polymer materials can be mounted close to the waterproofing, blowing out the joints with the rafters with construction foam.
Many home owners are wondering whether to insulate the roof of their house from the inside with their own hands. An insulated roof has several advantages over a cold one. In this article we will talk about how and with what to sheathe the inside of the roof, and what is required for this.
Advantages of an insulated roof:
- Thanks to insulation, heat loss can be significantly reduced, up to 15% of the total losses. In view of the periodic increase in the cost of electricity and the constant desire to reduce the volume of its use, this solution will come in handy.
- After insulation, the house will have additional living space, located under the roof, which can be used for your needs.
Insulation of the roof from the inside can be carried out when, for some reason, the owners made such a decision during its operation.
It is worth noting that it is possible to achieve high-quality insulation, maintain warmth and comfort in the house, and also extend the service life of the roof if you use materials only High Quality.
If, according to the project, insulation is provided initially, then it is best to carry it out from the outside, even before it is laid roofing material. As a rule, you cannot do without this if you decide to build a house in an area with unfavorable weather conditions.
What is a house roof pie?
A roofing pie is a layered structure that includes roof insulation elements. At the heart of this design is a rafter system that holds the remaining elements. In cross-section, such a pie has a clear sequence of elements, the first of which is the roofing material.
The roofing pie consists of the following layers:
- roofing;
- lathing or continuous covering;
- counter-lattice to form a ventilation gap;
- waterproofing;
- thermal insulation;
- vapor barrier;
- sheathing under interior lining;
- internal lining.
The finished design will reduce heat loss in winter time, and in the summer it will relieve overheating of the space under the roof. It will also prevent precipitation from reaching the thermal insulation from the outside, and water vapor from penetrating from the inside of the room.
What materials are needed for the roofing pie?
How effective the insulation of the roof from the inside will be depends not only on the thermal insulation material, but also on the hydro- and vapor barrier. All other components of the roofing pie do not have a significant effect.
It is worth noting that the roof structure is constantly exposed to the following types of loads:
- the mass of the entire roof is a constant factor;
- precipitation and method of roof operation;
- temperature changes;
- ultraviolet radiation;
- chemical reagents, dissolved in the air;
- windage of the roof and resistance to air flows passing through the attic;
- moisture and condensation accumulating inside the attic.
Functions of waterproofing and vapor barrier materials
The purpose of waterproofing is as follows:
- Prevent moisture from penetrating the insulation from the outside.
- Promote removal from insulation excess moisture who entered from the premises.
For waterproofing, special film and membrane materials are used. If we are talking about waterproofing film, then it is a three-layer material with micro-perforation, the central layer of which is a polypropylene mesh, laminated on both sides with polyethylene.
Membranes are nonwovens, in which hydro- and vapor barrier is provided by the central layer, and the outer ones are intended to impart strength. Such materials are usually called superdiffusive. The advantages of membranes over films are that they are better permeable to vapor, therefore, there is no need to create an air gap before installation.
If, before insulating the roof, a waterproofing film is installed inside, it should be laid with some clearance so that excess steam can be freely discharged. Without such an indentation, the insulating material will quickly begin to get wet and cease to perform its direct functions. The durability of membranes is significantly greater than that of films.
As for vapor barrier materials, their main function is to create a barrier for moist air from inside the room so that it does not enter the insulation. As a rule, a vapor-proof film is used for this.
Types and characteristics of materials for do-it-yourself insulation
Before insulating a finished roof, you should decide on the material for interior work.
The choice should be made taking into account the following characteristics:
- Density. This indicator directly affects the quality of heat transfer of the material. The lower the density, the higher the porosity. As porosity increases, the thermal conductivity of the material decreases, which means its thermal insulation properties increase.
- Heat transfer. This indicator affects not only the degree of porosity, but also the temperature and humidity level of the material. As these indicators increase, heat transfer also increases.
- Ability to absorb moisture. To prevent the insulation from absorbing and retaining moisture between the fibers, it is treated with special hydrophobic substances. In particular, the presence of such treatment should be clarified when purchasing mineral and glass wool.
- Flammability.
- Ability to withstand low temperatures.
- Chemical resistance.
- Environmental friendliness.
Based on the specified characteristics, optimal materials for insulation metal roof from the inside there are the following varieties:
- Mineral and glass wool. You can purchase such materials both in the form of individual slabs and in rolls. In terms of fire resistance, mineral wool is slightly superior to glass wool.
- Polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam. Available in slabs or extruded products. This material is quite flammable and releases toxic substances when burned. Therefore, it requires additional fire protection.
- Polyurethane foam. This material can be presented in the form of panels or liquid formulations. The latter are applied to the roof surface using special equipment Therefore, specialized teams of builders are engaged in such work.
Method of insulating a roof from the inside - how to insulate it correctly
There simply cannot be a single approach to the process of roof insulation, since each case will have its own subtleties. It all depends not only on the roof configuration, but also on the type of roofing. In particular, if used for overlap soft roof, the roof should be insulated from the outside, even before laying the material. In addition, the technology for fixing the insulation in the case of flat and folding roofs will also vary. That is why it is very important to know how to properly insulate a roof from the inside in one case or another.
If the waterproofing film has not been laid beforehand, insulation must begin with its fastening. Please note that the ventilation gap must be at least 2 cm. Alternatively, additional slats can be nailed to the rafters or sheathing.
The superdiffusion membrane will best choice, since there will be no need to create an additional gap between it and the insulation.
To ensure reliable insulation, the material is fixed in several layers - at least two. In this case, you can avoid through seams between pieces of material. The thickness of the insulating layer will be about 15-20 cm. If the thickness of the rafter legs is less than this value, then the insulation is also mounted on top of the rafters. In this case, the sheathing for interior decoration will press both the insulating material and the vapor barrier.
On flat roof It will be more difficult to secure the insulation. Since there is no additional support for the insulation, several bars need to be nailed to the ceiling so that the distance between them is less than the width of the insulation material, and the height is equal to its thickness.
Next, rolled material or special plates are tightly inserted between these bars. In addition, they can be attached with mastics or special glue. At the next stage, the insulating layer and vapor barrier film fixed with lathing for internal finishing material.
Of course, a high-quality insulated roof will not only save money on heating and retain as much heat as possible, but also make your stay in the house cozy and comfortable. True, thermal insulation materials must be of high quality, so that you do not have to replace them soon and spend additional money.
Experienced builders know that it is better to think through all technological issues related to the roof structure at the stage of creating a private project wooden house. Exact plan construction work allows you to efficiently and quickly insulate the external insulation of the slope, if required. IN real conditions More often you have to insulate the roof from the inside with your own hands after completing the roof installation. In this article we will talk about the internal thermal insulation of slopes, how much it costs, and how it is done.
Internal thermal insulation is the process of home insulation from the attic side using materials that have low thermal conductivity. This optimization measure temperature regime wooden private house is used only if roofing have already been completed, since it is impossible to cover the slopes with insulation without dismantling the roofing. Internal method
- installation of thermal insulation materials has the following features: The minimum thickness of the insulation layer to stop heat loss through the slope is 150 mm. Therefore, insulating the roof from the inside reduces the usable area of the roof space, which is considered a disadvantage when installing residential attics
- private wooden house.
- The insulation during internal thermal insulation of the roof is located directly under the wall lining material, so more vapors saturated with moisture penetrate into it, despite the vapor barrier layer. For this reason, the material gets wet, losing its thermal insulation properties, and then wrinkles and settles. Roof insulation from the inside is considered less in a convenient way
- , since when installing the slab of thermal insulation material, you have to hold it above your head. The difficulty of the work significantly increases the cost of internal insulation of the roof of a private wooden house.
Note! Thermal insulation materials for insulating the roof of a private wooden house are used in combination with waterproofing and vapor barrier membranes or films. Since without protection from the penetration of moisture or steam, they quickly become damp, which increases thermal conductivity and sharply reduces the effectiveness of insulation. For heated mansard roofs, in which these processes occur more intensely, professional builders recommend using forced ventilation.
Materials
The modern construction market has hundreds various types insulation, cost and performance characteristics differ significantly. Vapor-permeable, moisture-resistant and non-flammable materials with low thermal conductivity are suitable for thermal insulation of the roof of a private house made of wood. Most often used the following types
- insulation: Mineral wool. A fibrous material produced in the form of rolls, mats or slabs, the composition of which is based on threads of glass, gabbro-basalt or slag. Low cost, fire resistance, efficiency and ease of installation make these insulation materials the most convenient for doing the work yourself. The only drawback is that small particles that get on the skin are Airways
- , on the mucous membranes, cause severe irritation. Therefore, installation is carried out in full equipment - with safety glasses, gloves, a respirator and a robe. Expanded polystyrene. Insulation based on polystyrene foam is known to most people as polystyrene foam. It is often used for internal insulation stingrays, thanks light weight
- , high degree of protection against moisture and low thermal conductivity. Foamed polystyrene foam is called polystyrene foam, in which air occupies more than 95%. Thermal insulation materials based on polystyrene foam are easy to install, they are easy to cut and fasten, however, they almost do not allow steam to pass through, which during internal insulation causes dampness in the room. This negative effect of using polystyrene foam can be reduced by using forced ventilation system equipment. Polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam is produced in the form of panels or a liquid mixture, which is foamed using special installation , serving carbon dioxide , and in this form is applied to stingray This type of insulation is often used for roof thermal insulation, however, it has a significant drawback - complete vapor permeability. This property excludes the possibility of using this material for insulation. wooden houses. In addition, due to the use of expensive installation, polyurethane foam installation is rarely done with one’s own hands.
Important! Use inside a residential building tightens the safety requirements for insulation for the health of home occupants. To the number verified safe materials refers to ecowool. It consists of cellulose or flax fiber with the addition of antiseptic substances and fire retardants. Ecowool has thermal insulation and noise-reducing characteristics similar to mineral wool.
Installation methods
Installing thermal insulation material from the inside is more difficult and takes longer than from the outside when laying the roofing. However, if the roof is already ready, then homeowners have no other choice. To insulate the slope you will need insulation, a vapor barrier membrane, construction stapler, sharp knife, marker, wooden slats, screwdriver and screws. There are two methods of internal thermal insulation:
Important! If the angle of the roof slopes is 25 degrees or less, problems may arise with laying insulation between the rafters, since the slabs will simply fall out of the opening under their own weight. To hold the material on the slope, it is secured with slats or fishing line stretched perpendicular to the rafters in several rows.
Video instruction
To provide optimal microclimate in a residential area, insulating the roof from inside the house is often the only correct solution.
Why do you need insulation?
Provided that thermal insulation work is carried out correctly, a full-fledged residential area can be created from a non-residential attic space, and effective area The attic will be a wonderful addition to a cozy home.
You cannot do without such a procedure in the case of installing a roof made of corrugated sheets or metal tiles, which provoke the formation of condensation and ice when temperatures fluctuate.
Internal thermal insulation work can be done with your own hands from different types materials suitable for this purpose. The main task of insulation for the roof of a house is its ability to provide waterproofing from the outside and vapor permeability from the inside of the room.
Material selection
Most suitable materials for attic insulation are:
- mineral wool;
- Styrofoam;
- polyurethane foam;
- ecowool.
Mineral wool
Excellent thermal insulation characteristics possesses mineral wool and fibrous materials. They do an excellent job of removing water vapor from the roof. A special membrane film is responsible for the direction of condensate drainage from the inside to the outside.
In work, it is better to use mineral wool in the form of slabs, since, unlike rolled wool, it holds its shape perfectly and does not slide down an inclined plane. For a living space you will need material 10 cm thick, for outbuildings Three-centimeter insulation is enough.
When insulating the roof from the inside of the attic, mineral wool is cut into pieces of the required size with a margin of 2 - 3 cm. Before installing the insulation between the rafters, it is slightly compressed. After installation, it will straighten out and completely fill the required space.
If one of the sides of the material has a foil layer, then the mineral wool must be laid with a shiny surface inside the attic. If necessary, mineral wool can be replaced with glass wool.
Styrofoam
For simple way insulate the roof of your house with your own hands and save money Styrofoam will do. The material slabs are lightweight, so you don’t have to worry about excessive load on the roof structure. Among the disadvantages of polystyrene foam, one can note its poor vapor conductivity and attractiveness to rodents, which can cause significant damage to the thermal insulation of the attic.
Polyurethane foam
Foam material is sprayed onto the surface to be treated of any configuration and complexity. This process is carried out by using a special portable installation, which, under pressure, supplies the substance to a plane with any degree of inclination.
Its main advantage is that this method of insulating the attic or attic of a house allows you to create a dense monolithic layer without seams or gaps.
In addition, there is no need for an additional vapor barrier device to protect the decorative finish from condensation. The price of polyurethane foam is higher than that of alternative insulating materials.
The material is produced in compressed form and requires loosening before installation. In most cases, blow molding equipment is used to fluff and apply ecowool.
Ecowool has increased adhesive properties, so it can be applied as insulation for the roof of a house in a wet or dry way on any surface. Like polyurethane foam, ecowool lays down in an even, seamless layer and does not require the installation of a vapor barrier material.
If everything is clear with the installation of ecowool and polyurethane foam and their application does not require additional arrangement of auxiliary structures, then a similar process for roll or panel insulation is associated with certain technological rules.
Layer-by-layer insulation
Carrying out internal thermal insulation Roofing a house with your own hands requires following a certain sequence. This design is made from various materials called "pie" because of its multi-layer structure.
Ensuring moisture removal is necessary not only to create comfortable climatic conditions indoors. This condition is set to protect fibrous insulation from getting wet and, as a result, loss of their quality indicators.
Waterproofing
Roof insulation should begin with laying a layer of waterproofing (roofing felt). The material is installed in a perpendicular position relative to the rafter legs with the smooth surface upward, while not stretching, but sagging slightly.
The joints of the sheets are glued with construction tape to seal gaps and cracks. On rafter legs slats are nailed from beams, and a sheathing of boards is mounted on them. A layer of roofing covering is laid on top of the board. This method is suitable for use at the stage of installing a roof on the roof of a building.
In case of finished roof The waterproofing is fixed with a stapler under the rafters and the fastening points are taped with tape. In this case, the rafters must be treated with antiseptic drugs to prevent the process of rotting.
Thermal insulation
Insulation, previously cut into pieces of the required size, is tightly laid on top of the waterproofing material between the rafters. If the desired insulation thickness will be achieved by laying several layers of mineral wool, its top and bottom joints should not coincide (the top mats should be moved or placed perpendicularly).
Vapor barrier
It is necessary to attach a vapor barrier film sheet on top of the insulation sheets, directing its smooth surface towards the mineral wool.
The perforated side of the film absorbs moisture evaporation, so it should be located towards the attic room.
The fabric is fastened with a mounting stapler and glued at the joining points. From correct installation vapor barrier material depends on the level of humidity inside the house, so its installation must be treated with special attention.
Facing
The final stage in internal roof insulation is installation decorative finishing. In case of installation wooden lining a profile is attached to the rafters, which serves as the basis for future cladding.
If attic space will not be used as a residential building and does not require decorative finishing; it can be nailed on top of the vapor barrier layer edged board with a gap of 10 cm.
