Names of herbs. Wild herbs: names

There are many plants that have high nutritional value and have medicinal properties, but at the same time they are not cultivated and grow in the wild. This suggests that humanity still has many opportunities in using flora. Scientists have calculated that approximately two hundred and fifty species of different species grow in Siberia alone. edible plants, and this is not counting algae and mushrooms. Next we will talk about those representatives of wild flora that have medicinal properties.

This plant contains tannins, gum, ascorbic acid, essential oils, starch. It enhances production hydrochloric acid our stomach, lowers blood pressure in hypertension, is a good expectorant and has a calming effect.

Calamus is especially useful for gastritis with low acidity, ovarian failure, pulmonary diseases, as well as decreased sexual potency and pathological menopause.

Hawthorn

The fruits of this plant are edible; they contain organic acids (ascorbic acid, etc.), fructose, pectins, saponins, starch and flavonoids.
This plant is used to obtain a valuable heart remedy, which perfectly improves the activity of the heart muscle. Hawthorn is especially useful for cardiac arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiac weakness.

Elecampane

The root of this plant is used for therapeutic purposes. It contains mucus, essential oils, inulin, and sesquiterpene lactones. Elecampane is used to treat colds, women's, pulmonary, kidney, and gastrointestinal ailments. With its help you can get rid of tachycardia, hemorrhoids, epilepsy, diseases of the upper respiratory tract. In addition, the root of this plant is used in the treatment of diabetes.

Blackberry

Oregano

Perennial, which is actively used in traditional medicine. Oregano is used to treat hypertension, insomnia, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, jaundice and helminthiasis. In addition, it is also used as an external remedy for skin diseases, allergies, and inflammation of the lymph nodes. Infusions based on this plant are used to gargle for colds and sore throats.

St. John's wort

This is a fairly common plant with many healing properties. It contains flavonoids, saponins, rutin, coloring, resinous and tannin substances, vitamins PP, P and C, carotene, essential oils, carotene, various trace elements and anthocyanins. It is used as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, antiulcer, antisclerotic, antispasmodic, choleretic, tonic, sedative and strengthening agent. It helps cure diseases of the digestive tract, bladder, urinary incontinence, pulmonary tuberculosis, kidney and liver diseases, and nervous diseases (depression). It is used in the treatment of colds and flu, heart weakness, bleeding of various etiologies, hemorrhoids and increased swelling. In addition, it is used as an external remedy to get rid of leucorrhoea in women, various skin diseases, and also as a rinse for lesions of the oral cavity.

Leuzea sofloridae

It is a wild medicinal plant that is used in the treatment of functional disorders. nervous system. With its help you can get rid of impotence, depression and various types of overwork (both psychological and physical). Leuzea is used in the treatment of alcoholism and vegetative-vascular disorders. Its consumption has an excellent effect on the blood supply to the brain and muscles; in addition, it normalizes the amount of hemoglobins and red blood cells in the blood, makes sleep normal and promotes appetite and performance.

Field mint

This plant has anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, analgesic, hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effects. Infusions based on it stimulate appetite, reduce the acidity of gastric juice, neutralize nausea and stop stomach cramps and colic.

Field mint also has a positive effect on the body during colds and pulmonary diseases. It is also used externally to get rid of wounds, ulcers and tumors. In addition, frostbite, arthritic and rheumatic pain are treated with lotions and washes.
It is necessary to differentiate this plant from peppermint, grown in gardens and orchards.

Clover

The flowers of this plant contain B vitamins, vitamin C, carotene and glucosides. They have a diuretic and expectorant effect. Traditional medicine advises using clover for pulmonary and kidney diseases, and also for anemia. Many healers are confident in the anti-cancer properties of this plant.

We have considered only a small part of all wild medicinal plants. In fact, many experts in traditional medicine are confident that every plant has certain therapeutic properties.

A huge variety grows on the territory of our country. Many plants are used in medicinal purposes and can replace many pharmaceutical drugs. This article will talk about some medicinal herbs, which help against various ailments.

1. Calamus

A perennial plant, has a height of about 10 cm, grows near various bodies of water (streams, rivers, lakes, swamps and flooded meadows), it is believed that it grows only near clean water. IN medicinal purposes Only the roots of this plant are used, which are harvested (collected and dried) early spring or late autumn. Dry roots are used for disorders of the nervous system, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, and for fever. There are contraindications: should not be used during pregnancy, stomach ulcers, kidney disease and people with low blood pressure.

It is an annual and also biennial plant, about a meter tall, grows in fields and meadows, sometimes along roads. Sweet clover flowers and leaves are harvested from June to August. Infusions of dried sweet clover leaves are used to treat gout, help open abscesses and tumors, for rheumatism, as well as for insomnia and as a diuretic. There are some contraindications: cannot be used during pregnancy, internal bleeding and poor blood clotting.

3. Red clover

A perennial plant that grows in meadows, along river banks, along roads and forests. To prepare medicines, only flowers with the upper leaves are collected. The collection and subsequent preparation of plants (dried, fermented or pickled) occurs from spring to autumn. Clover is used for headaches, malaria, asthma, applied as a lotion to burns and abscesses, and also used for general strengthening of the body.

4. Felt burdock (burdock)

WITH large leaves It grows mainly in wastelands, along roads and in vegetable gardens as a weed. Burdock rhizomes are harvested before winter or early spring. Fresh roots are used to prepare an ointment to treat burns and wounds; the leaves are applied to inflamed wounds to relieve heat and protect against bacteria. A decoction of the roots is used to treat the gastrointestinal tract and as a diuretic, as well as for rheumatism and to treat various tumors. The infusion is recommended for the treatment of the gallbladder and liver diseases. Young burdock roots are eaten.

5. Dissected hogweed

A large and powerful perennial plant that grows up to two meters in height. It grows almost throughout the entire territory as a weed: in fields, meadows, forests (mainly coniferous), as well as along the banks of reservoirs and in gardens. In treatment, infusions of rhizomes and leaves are used as a sedative for cramps, various skin diseases (for example, scabies), and indigestion. Lotions of fresh leaves soothe the pain of rheumatism. used in cooking, it is salted, dried, pickled, added to soups and main courses.

6. Oxalis

Low growing (5-10 cm), perennial, creeper. It lives in coniferous and deciduous forests, near the banks of rivers and lakes, prefers shade and moist soil. Used in the form of a herbal infusion to treat kidney and liver diseases, heartburn, as well as metabolic disorders, used as a diuretic and analgesic during menstruation and as an external remedy for purulent wounds. This plant is also added to a variety of soups. Use is contraindicated for gout, urolithiasis, bleeding disorders, and acute kidney disease.

Many wild herbs contain large amounts of vitamins and useful substances, therefore, you should not neglect what nature itself gives.

It’s amazing how rich the nature of our latitudes is in wild herbs. Medicinal plants live widely in fields and meadows, in steppes and forests, on mountain slopes and in valleys. Many of them are well known to almost everyone, others are not so popular, but are also widely used in folk and official medicine. Below we will look at some wild herbs, their purpose and use by humans.

What herbs are: classification

Wild herbs are divided into several typologies:

• by life expectancy,
• as intended,
• by distribution.

Now let's look at each classification separately.

By life expectancy

According to their lifespan, wild herbs are divided into annual, biennial and perennial.

Here are examples of some of them:

• annuals - cinquefoil, as well as many others;
• biennials -, and others;
• perennials - field mint, burdock, and so on.

Did you know? The most common living creatures on planet Earth are plants. There are more than 370 thousand species.

By purpose

Herbs are also classified according to their human use. They are divided into spicy and medicinal. Already from the names of these categories it is clear what they are intended for and how they are used.

By distribution

The places where wild cereals grow allow us to divide them into those growing in forests, in the steppe and desert, in swamps and mountains, in meadows, orchards and orchards.

Photos, names, benefits of wild herbs

There are a huge variety of wild plants, and almost each of them can be found in the corresponding catalog or encyclopedia, with descriptions and photographs.
We will also tell you about some of the herbs common in our territory, presenting their photos, brief description and a positive impact on human health.

Did you know? A coffee substitute is made from roasted dandelion roots, and young leaves are fermented or pickled in the cooking of some peoples, like cabbage. In addition, wine from dandelion flowers has long been produced in England.

Dandelion (in Latin - Taraxacum Officinale) has unique healing properties. It is rich in vitamins A and C, it also contains iron and calcium, and is a good detoxifier. The roots and leaves are rich in bitter glycosides, acids, oils, choline, asparagine.
Dandelion is recognized as a plant that can have the following effects:

• choleretic,
• antipyretic,
• laxative,
• expectorant
• soothing,
• antispasmodic,
• mild sleeping pill.

Experimental chemical and pharmacological studies have proven that dandelion raw materials have antituberculosis, antiviral, fungicidal, anthelmintic, anticarcinogenic and antidiabetic properties.

In cooking, dandelion also has a well-deserved popularity: it is used to cook cabbage soup, prepare cutlets, make jam, and also prepare fortified spring salads. Dandelions are excellent honey plants: the honey collected from them is golden and aromatic, with a sharp aftertaste.

Video: beneficial properties of dandelion

St. John's wort (in Latin - Hypéricum perforatum) has beneficial ingredients that help a person maintain health. These are vitamin C, nicotinic acid, quercetin, rutin, carotene, sugars, saponins, hyperoside, tocopherol, phytoncides, essential oil, as well as bitter, tannin and resinous substances.

In pharmacology, St. John's wort is used to prepare a variety of drugs from it:

• antibacterial,
• antiseptic,
• painkillers,
• wound healing,
• antirheumatic,
• diuretics,
• choleretic,
• anthelmintic.

Important! St. John's wort has contraindications: it causes an increase blood pressure, accelerates the removal of antibiotics frombody, incompatible withantidepressants. In women who take oral contraceptives, it can reduce their effect. And men need to remember- with long-term use they may experience temporary impotence.

Recently, medical scientists conducted additional studies, during which it was found that St. John's wort has an antidepressant effect that does not have side effects. This herb is also valuable because it is recommended by cosmetologists as an anti-aging, tonic, and antiseborrheic agent.

For a long time, healers used St. John's wort to heal:

• gynecological inflammations,
• haemorrhoids,
• headaches,
• diseases of the liver and genitourinary system.

Chicory (in Latin - Cichórium) has a rich chemical composition, due to which it normalizes the functioning of many body systems.

This plant can:

• stimulate increased immunity,
• heal wounds and eczema,
• have an antitumor effect,
• tone the body,
• relieve fatigue
• cleanse blood vessels.

Chicory also has detoxifying properties: it can normalize metabolic processes and remove toxins. By consuming chicory, you can cleanse the kidneys and improve blood composition, speed up peristalsis, eliminate heartburn, and increase appetite. Drinks made from it can replace coffee.
Chicory is also used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antibacterial agent for colds. Diabetics using this medicinal herb, can also alleviate their condition.

Stinging nettle (in Latin - Urtica urens) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) are two types of medicinal herbs that are used in both official and traditional medicine.

Nettle gained its popularity due to the following properties:

• diuretic,
• mild laxative,
• expectorant
• anticonvulsant,
• anti-inflammatory,
• antiseptic,
• painkiller,
• wound healing,
• blood purifier
• hemostatic.

Traditional medicine uses nettle for:

• dysentery,
• cold,
• constipation,
• dropsy,
• diseases of the liver and bronchopulmonary system,
• hemorrhoids,
• rheumatism,
• gout,
• boils,
• acne and lichen lesions of the skin.

Burdock (Latin: Arctium) is widely used in both medicines; Mostly its root is used. The root system of burdock is most rich in the polysaccharide inulin (about 45%), it contains tannin and essential oils, mucus, fatty substances, bitterness, resins, mineral salts, ascorbic acid, and protein.

Burdock root is used as a diuretic, diaphoretic, analgesic and choleretic agent; it helps in the formation of pancreatic enzymes.

• laxative,
• antimicrobial,
• antiseptic,
• antiallergic,
• wound healing,
• antidiabetic.

Hogweed (in Latin - Heracléum) has long been known for its healing properties. It contains furocoumarins, which have a bactericidal effect, so anthelmintic drugs for animals are produced from it.

For humans, hogweed remedies are effective against psoriasis. The juice of the plant treats ulcers and purulent wounds, asthma and epilepsy. An anesthetic medicine for liver inflammation, as well as for jaundice, is prepared from the roots.

Hogweed is used in cooking, and it is also a complete fodder crop, which is combined with others and made from them into silage for livestock.

Hogweed contains trace elements, carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins, as well as tannins, chlorophyll, carotene, and essential oils. The flowers contain a lot of nectar, which the bees convert into excellent honey.

Important! You need to handle hogweed carefully, as its juice gets on open areas body, capable of causing strong allergic reactions and burns that turn into huge blisters.

Oregano

Oregano, or oregano (in Latin - Origanum vulgáre) contains flavonoids, phytoncides, bitterness, tannins, essential oil, thanks to which preparations based on it serve as anti-inflammatory and choleretic agents. Oregano is used to treat whooping cough and bronchitis, and is taken as a sedative and pain reliever.

Medicines from this herb:

• increase appetite,
• improve intestinal motility,
• produce a diuretic effect,
• relieve epileptic seizures,
• relieve cramps,
• normalize the menstrual cycle.

Field or meadow mint (in Latin - Mentha arvensis) contains menthol, which has mild anesthetic properties. It is also an ingredient in medications for blood vessels and the heart: Validol, Valocordin, Zelenin drops and others.

The beneficial properties of mint are very versatile:

• mint can enhance intestinal motility, promoting timely emptying, limit putrefactive processes and fermentation;
• Infusions are prepared from dried leaves, which are used for nervous system disorders and insomnia;
• mint helps relieve nausea, produces a choleretic effect, eliminates diarrhea;
• alcohol tincture and oil solution are used to reduce swelling and pain due to inflammation of the respiratory system;
• antimicrobial and gum-strengthening properties essential oil used for the production of toothpastes and powders, as well as infusions for rinsing the mouth.

Important! Mint should not be consumed by children under three years of age. Also, men of childbearing age should not get carried away with it, because it can reduce libido, and women who have problems conceiving, since this herb can aggravate the problem of infertility.

Tansy

Tansy (in Latin - Tanacetum vulgare) is known for having a powerful anthelmintic effect. It is also used to prepare a powder in the form of an insecticide against pests. Tansy contains alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, and tannins.

This plant is used for hepatitis to reduce the production of mucus that accumulates in bile. The herb has a positive effect on the muscle tone of the stomach and intestines, increasing secretion.

An infusion of basket inflorescences can:

• increase the amplitude of heart contractions,
• eliminate hypotension,
• heal stomach and duodenal ulcers.

Traditional medicine uses tansy in the treatment of:

• enterobiasis,
• hypoacid gastritis,
• hepatitis,
• colitis,
• ascariasis,
• cholecystitis.

Video: beneficial properties of tansy

Plantain (in Latin - Plantago). There are two types of plantain used in medicine: flea plantain and Indian plantain. These medicinal herbs contain a lot of ascorbic acid, phytoncides and carotene.

Alcoholic and aqueous leaf extracts of plantain are used to treat severe forms of stomach and duodenal ulcers. The juice is used to treat gastritis and enteritis; it is drunk for better digestion of food. Special research by phytochemists has proven that plantain leaves contain elements that affect cholesterol metabolism.

An infusion of leaves is used to remove sputum in the following cases:

• bronchitis,
• pulmonary tuberculosis,
• bronchial asthma,
• pleurisy,
• catarrh of the upper respiratory tract,
• whooping cough

Plantain is known as an antiseptic because it can:

• relieve inflammation
• heal wounds
• anesthetize,
• cleanse the blood.

Wormwood (in Latin - Artemísia absínthium) is used in gastroenterology. Its benefits are due to active ingredients such as absintin, anabsintin, flavonoids, thujone, pinene, cadinene, bisabolone, chamazulenogen, selinene.

Wormwood leaves are rich in phytoncides, alkaloids, capillin, ascorbic acid, provitamin A, malic and succinic acids, carotene and saponins.

• The presence of galenic substances helps stimulate the reflex function of the pancreas and improves the functioning of the gallbladder.
• Terpenes relieve inflammation and are pacemakers.
• The essential oil released from the plant has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system.
• Saturated hydrocarbons found in grass have a bactericidal and fungicidal effect.
• Bitterness, which is also present, can stimulate appetite and normalize digestion.

Traditional medicine considers wormwood an excellent remedy at:

• insomnia,
• ascariasis,
• flatulence,
• obesity,
• migraines,
• enterocolitis,
• gastritis,
• kidney and liver diseases.

In combination with other herbs, wormwood is successfully used for:

• pulmonary tuberculosis,
• hypertension,
• fever,
• swelling,
• hemorrhoids.

Horsetail (in Latin - Equisetum arvense) is rich in flavonoids, derivatives of apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, silicic acid, as well as tannins.

Also present are oxalic, aconitic, linoleic, malic and ascorbic acids, fatty oils, alkaloids, calcium, carotene, iron, potassium, magnesium, copper and other substances.
Thanks to the listed components, horsetail has the following properties:

• cleansing,
• anti-inflammatory,
• antimicrobial,
• anthelmintics,
• diuretics,
• antiseptic,
• detoxification.

In medicine and cosmetology, horsetail is used in the form of infusion, lotion and decoction. It is used when following fasting diets in the process of losing weight. Cooks use young horsetail shoots by boiling or frying them and adding them to omelettes and casseroles, as well as as a filling for pancakes and pies.

Video: beneficial properties of horsetail

Quinoa (in Latin - Atriplex) is useful in the treatment of rheumatism and helps relieve emotional stress. Due to the large amount of rutin and potassium, it is used in cardiology and for atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels.

Did you know? Quinoa has long been used as food during war or crop failure: rye flour with ground quinoa seeds was used to make bread. Such bread, although not attractive in appearance or taste, still helped people survive in times of famine.

Preparations made from it are used to treat:

• chronic and acute diseases of the lower respiratory tract,
• stomach diseases,
• skin diseases,
• inflamed wounds.

The plant also serves as:

• anti-inflammatory,
• wound healing,
• cleansing
• diuretic,
• expectorant
• choleretic,
• sedative.

Vegetarians have appreciated quinoa because it contains a lot of protein: cabbage soup made from it, as well as cutlets, soups, purees and bread, allow you to stay full for a long time.

Video: beneficial properties of quinoa

Celandine (in Latin - Chelidonium) has many useful components: it contains up to twenty toxic substances that destroy pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan microorganisms.

Beneficial effects of celandine:

• helps with cramps,
• relieves inflammatory processes,
• can relieve pain and calm,
• has antitumor and bactericidal effect,
• serves as a diuretic
• heals wounds,
• increases lactation in lactating women,
• Medicines from celandine cleanse the lymph from infections.

• blood pressure decreases;
• cardiac activity slows down;
• neuroses, convulsions, paralysis, epilepsy disappear;
• the functioning of the pancreas is improved.

When using celandine in treatment, it is important to remember that you cannot independently exceed the dose of the prescribed amount of the drug, otherwise this will lead to dangerous side effects.

Important! You should start taking this herb with a minimum dose, gradually increasing it to the required dose.

24 times already
helped

In this article we will describe in detail all types of medicinal and wild plants, attach beautiful photos, and also briefly describe how to care for and grow these plants at home. A more detailed description of care can be found in other sections of our website. So let's go.

Arnica plant ,(sheepskin, swimsuit) grows in the western part of Russia, up to the Dnieper, in forest meadows. Arnica is cultivated on thin, even peaty, soils. The Arnica plant requires deep soil tillage. Arnica is planted in August, with two parts of any forage grasses. The first year Arnica is mowed low, before flowering. In the second and third years, collecting flowers, in the 4-5th year, late autumn, collecting roots. Either whole flower baskets or flowers and roots taken from them are collected. Arnica flower baskets are dried quickly, at the highest possible temperature.

Medicinal plant henbane

Poisonous plant henbane , (blekota) - one year old. or two l. a weed plant widespread throughout Russia, but loving oily soils. More often, Belena is found near housing, on garbage heaps and pits, in vegetable gardens and orchards, in ditches, along roads and along river banks. Because henbane seeds It is difficult to ripen, then it is necessary to leave special seed plants. Sowing of henbane in early spring, in rows and not densely; After the emergence of seedlings (2-4 weeks after sowing), they must be thinned out, leaving one plant 8 inches apart from the other. The collection of henbane leaves occurs only in the second year. In general, leaves from both wild and cultivated henbane are collected during flowering: for biennials - in June, for annuals - in August.

Poisonous plant Belladonna

Belladonna , (sleepy stupor, myogol). It grows wildly in the Crimea, the Caucasus and in the mountainous parts of the southwestern region. Belladonna is cultivated on sandy-calcareous soil, loose, rich in leaf humus; loves semi-shady places. Belladonna propagates by seeds (first on fallow beds) and rhizomes (can be selected from the 3rd year of cultivation). The distance on the ridges is 70-80 cm. It stays well in one place for up to 6 years. The roots and leaves of the Belladonna plant are used in medicine. Both are collected in July, before flowering. Belladonna roots are taken only from the side, young, fleshy and juicy. Dried whole or cut lengthwise. Belladonna leaves are dried in a dark room at low temperature.

Medicinal plant Valerian

Valerian , (Baldrian, Overian). Valerian grows wildly in forest meadows and forest edges, between bushes, in damp meadows and floodplains middle zone euro parts of Russia. It can be cultivated in the same zone. The soil for planting Valerian plants is chosen to be rocky, calcareous, or depleted field soil, although the crop can also be grown on ordinary arable land. They respect the land as if it were a garden. In shallow arable land, furrows are made at a distance of 25 cm from each other and thrown into them. valerian seeds , sealing them only with a roller. You can also propagate valerian by rhizomes.

For sowing, seeds should be used exclusively from wild plants. Valerian care consists of weeding and surface loosening. To increase the yield of roots, you can cut off the flowering stems as rarely as possible, leaving only the basal leaves. In August and September, valerian rhizomes are collected, along with the roots. White, strong valerian rhizomes with next year's buds are preferred. They are cleared of soil, cut lengthwise and washed in wooden boxes with holes or in wicker baskets secured in some kind of running water. You can dry valerian either in the sun or in a dryer. To obtain the best variety of root, small, thin roots are combed from it. Valerian is richer in active principles, the more substantial and elevated the soil on which it grew.

Gentian , (yellow gentian). Gentian grows wild in the mountainous regions of Siberia. Attempts at cultivation in the southern regions were successful. The beds for gentian are laid in light shade, prepared from heather or light sandy soil with leaf humus, rolled tightly, sowed, lightly covered with soil on top and covered with moss, which is removed as soon as shoots appear. At first, the ridges with seedlings are covered with brushwood.

Grown-up gentian seedlings are then transplanted to other ridges with looser soil, at a distance of 10-20 cm, one from the other. In the second year, a batch of plants that have reached a height of 30-40 cm are transplanted into the garden, onto deeply loosened, fairly moist soil rich in lime and humus. In medicine, gentian is used in the form of roots.

They are dug up at 8-4 years of cultivation, in late autumn or early spring Moreover, only large gentian roots are taken, and small ones are left to grow further. Other species with red flowers can also be cultivated, but their roots are smaller. Gentian bush , (fever, falcon flight, fat woman). Grows wildly on hills and among bushes, in the middle and... southern part of the USSR. Mine-

The properties of the roots are the same as those of the yellow one, but only the content of active substances is less.

Adonis , (Adonis). Adonis grows wildly in the steppes of the black earth strip and in the Urals. In the north it is found in the Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan and Oryol regions. (inclusive), on the hills. : between the bushes. Cultivated, garden varieties are not suitable for business at all, and their seeds cannot be used for sowing in the steppes. In April-May, during full flowering, entire plants are cut off, discarding thick stems. Adonis plant must be dried as quickly as possible to avoid blackening.

Sweet clover , (Burkun). It grows in fields, wastelands, steppe fallow lands, thickets of bushes, along roads, along ravines, etc. almost throughout Europe. parts of Russia, except the far north. The dried flowering tops of sweet clover are used in medicine.

Summer and winter oak

Summer and winter oak. In medicine, the bark of young branches 8-10 years old is used. age (in any case, no older than 20 years), taken in the spring, and no thicker than 2-3 mill.

Datura plant

Datura . It grows abundantly in weedy places in the southern and part of central Russia. Datura can be cultivated by direct sowing and broadcasting. When gardening, you can harvest 3-4 times a summer. Phosphate fertilizer increases the amount of alkaloids in dope leaves. Datura leaves and seeds are used in medicine. Leaves are collected from flowering plants. The leaves of the second collection are richer in alkaloids than the first. Freshly collected leaves should be frozen immediately and dried as soon as possible. Dried dope leaves cannot withstand long-term storage (more than a year); pharmacies buy only freshly collected leaves.

Angelica , two years old. Angelica grows wildly throughout Russia (south of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod region.), in damp places, along river banks. Angelica is grown on good garden soil, with deep cultivation. Loves rotten fertilizer. The place for planting angelica should be low-lying, but not swampy, and sunny. Angelica seeds freshly collected from cultivated plants are sown in autumn or spring and greenhouse seedlings are raised. The distance between plants is 35-40 cm.

In medicine, angelica rhizomes are used along with the roots, dug up in late autumn before frost or early spring, before the start of growth into a stem. Angelica roots are dried, chopped and strung on threads near the stove. The Pharmacopoeia requires that there be no admixture of angelica roots. Roots are preferred for spring cleaning. Young stems and leaf petioles are used to prepare ducats.

golden root plant

golden root , (Golden seal, yellow root). It is not found in the wild in Russia, but cultivation, as experiments in cultivating this plant near Moscow have shown, is quite possible. Reproduction is better by rhizomes, more difficult by seeds, due to their low germination rate. Rhizomes for planting golden root are dug up in May and planted on ridges prepared in the fall, dug deeply and generously fertilized with leaf humus. The ridges must be arranged in strong shade or canopies are placed over them over the soil.

The soil should be moist all summer, but not too wet. Golden root care consists of loosening the soil and weeding weeds. For the winter, it is better to protect the plantings from frost with a cover made of rotted leaves. Blossom golden root starts from the second year; collection of rhizomes can begin from the third year. They are dug up in August, when the fruits are ripe, the tops with buds and thin branches of the rhizomes are separated and planted in a nursery or stored until spring planting, and the thicker rhizomes and roots are dried. In America, experimental plantings of this plant yielded 384 pounds. raw root from the tithe; one pound of dry root is obtained from 4 pounds. raw.

Iris plant

Iris . Can be cultivated in gardens in the middle and western regions of Russia. In the southern regions it is found in the wild. Plants require plenty of sun and somewhat heavy soil. Pieces of iris rhizomes are planted on ridges 6-10 inches apart and allowed to develop for at least three years. After three years, they begin to dig up the roots in the fall, selecting the thicker and more regular ones for sale, and the rest for sale. new landing. Pieces of 15 cm in length and 4 cm in thickness are cut from the best roots of iris; These pieces are smoothly planed and a hole is drilled at their flat end for threading the cord. These pieces serve as teething aid for children. The remaining pieces, trimmings and roots, thinner and irregular in shape, go on sale. separately. The rhizomes of the German iris completely replace the rhizomes of the Florentine iris, the cultivation of which in the Union is possible only along the southwestern coast of the Black Sea.

Castor bean , Castor, ricinum, in our latitudes, is an annual plant. The most preferred variety is the small-fruited one, as it contains significantly more oil. Castor beans can be successfully cultivated in the Kherson province. and further south. The crop (field) is similar to the corn crop. Castor bean requires fertile soil, rich in phosphorus, potassium and lime. Castor bean seedlings are very sensitive to frost. At. With sufficient warmth and humidity, the seeds ripen no earlier than 5 - 7 months after sowing; they ripen at very different times, which greatly complicates harvesting. In medicine, fatty oil obtained from seeds by cold pressing is used. Hot pressing produces oil for technical use.

Buckthorn plant

Buckthorn , perennial. Grows in forests and shrubs in almost all of Europe. parts of Russia, except the north. Dried bark is used, collected in April from the trunk and branches of young buckthorn bushes. The bark used in medicines is kept in a dry place for at least a year or heated for an hour at 100°.

Medicinal plant lily of the valley

Lily of the valley . It grows wildly in most of the European part of Russia, in forests and between bushes. Lily of the valley flower brushes are used in medicine, sometimes together with leaves. Lily of the valley tinctures are being prepared in pharmacies mostly from fresh flowers; in rare cases, dried flowers of the latest harvest are used.

Medicinal plant Linden

Linden. Cleanly collected and carefully dried flowers are used.

, two pages It grows wildly along the shores of the Baltic and White Seas. It is successfully cultivated on ordinary garden soil, with high humidity, with a slope to the north. Sowing in August, and in the south in early spring. In medicine, fresh plants are used, cut in the second year; although you can pluck the leaves in the first year, to prepare tincture and essential oil, or as an antiscorbutic remedy. Essential oil can be extracted from dry spoon grass if it is moistened, mixed with a certain amount of diluted mustard and allowed to stand for some time in a warm place before distillation.

Plant Jacques soporific

, opium m., oily m., white m., blue m., gray m., field m., garden m., terry m., monol. Cultivated in vegetable gardens and as a field crop. Used in medicine; 1) unripe, dried fruits, cleared of seeds. They should be gray-greenish in color, with 10-15 radiant stigmas and the same number of incomplete nests, dry fruit weight about 3.5 g, 2) poppy seed, exclusively white, 3) dried juice flowing from ring-shaped or helical cuts , made on still unripe poppy (opium) pods. Good quality(strong, rich in alkaloids) opium, however, can only be obtained in the far south (in Transcaucasia, Turkestan).

Medicinal plant juniper

Juniper , perennial. Accompanies pine and, together with it, is most common in the northern regions of Russia, while in the southern regions it is found in sandy areas and in mountainous areas. In medicine, mature (black with a bluish bloom) fruits, usually called berries, are used. Essential oil is extracted from juniper wood.

Medicinal plant Mint

Mint English, peppery, cold, multi-colored It is cultivated in large quantities in Yaroslavl, Tula, Voronezh, Tambov, Mogilev, Kazan, Saratov, Kharkov, Kyiv, Poltava, Podolsk and Tauride regions. Most suitable soils are chernozem loams and sandy-silty alluvial deposits along river banks. In the non-chernozem zone, treated and fertilized loamy or sandy loam soils are good for the previous plant. Sufficient soil moisture necessary condition successful culture mint. It can withstand flooding without harm. mint plant is not afraid of shading, but contains less essential oil. Of the different varieties of mint, you should prefer white and black mint for planting.

White mint It blooms earlier and produces an oil with a particularly delicate aroma, but it is quite sensitive to both frost and drought, and produces slightly less essential oil than black mint. Black mint is more resilient, blooms somewhat later, produces 15-20% more oil, but has a worse aroma. In the south, where both varieties bloom almost simultaneously, it can be profitable to produce mixed culture black and white mint. Mint should not be propagated by seeds, but exclusively by cuttings. Mint cuttings(pieces of rhizomes) in early spring in the south are planted directly in place, in furrows. In the north, mint cuttings are often planted first in. Planted mint cuttings in the south are watered several times. Caring for a mint plantation consists of shelving and carefully loosening the soil.

Mint harvest time produced during flowering; If for the first time you do not cut off the entire plant, but only the flowering tops, then the collection can be repeated two or three times, and the last time you usually have to cut off plants with unopened colored buds. The last cut is made to the very root. In the south, mint overwinters without any cover; in the middle provinces, it is better to cover it for the winter with a dry leaf, loose soil and manure. Mint can be kept in one place of the plantation for three years. If you want to preserve the plantation for a longer time, then it must be thinned out and surface fertilized in the fall with rotted manure or watered with slurry in the spring.

Mint can be included in crop rotation; the writer of these lines cultivated mint in the Kharkov region. on low meadow, partly flooded land in the following crop rotation: 1) strong manure fertilizer and hemp on it, 2) fodder beetroot, 3, 4, and 5) mint, 6) grain bread. The harvested mint is tied into bunches and dried, hanging under a canopy. 1 teaspoon of dry mint is obtained from 5 teaspoons of raw mint. Peppermint essential oil can be driven from both wet and dry. The harvest of raw mint per tithe is 100-200 poods. Oils from tithes with good culture from 20 pounds. up to 1 pood.

Mint plant

Curly mint . The culture is the same as peppermint. In medicine, the entire herb, cut during flowering, is (rarely) used. Essential oil is extracted from fresh or dried trap.

Digitalis , (). Not found in the wild. The culture is possible in the southwestern provinces, but with the risk that the rhizomes will freeze in winter. In any case, the plant is so important medicinally that experiments with its culture are necessary. In England, foxgloves are cultivated in the garden and field, sowing 6 lbs per tithe. seeds Leaves collected during flowering are used in medicine. Digitalis leaves should be dried at a temperature not exceeding 40°. Under the influence of even slight dampness, the product loses all medicinal value during storage.

Medicinal plant Fern

Fern . It grows wild in most of Russia, in forests and between bushes. It's getting to work upper part rhizomes, cleared of shoots and leaves; collection takes place in August-September. Browned (stale) fern rhizomes are rejected.

Medicinal plant Moss

Plaun ,(dereza). Grows in abundance in coniferous forests and birch groves of northern and Central Russia, less common in the black soil zone. Moss moss spores are used in medicine. They collect the still immature spikelets and let them mature, spreading them out on paper. The spilled moss spores are collected in jars.

Sagebrush . Everywhere in Russia, on black soil (in fields, hills and wastelands).

Chamomile . It grows wildly in fields and weedy places in central and southern Russia. In Tula, Kharkov, Poltava regions. cultivated in significant quantities. Light soils are selected for the crop if possible. The first sowing of chamomile is done in the fall, 1 lb. is sown per tithe. seeds Sowing is scattered and dense. The seeds are covered with a roller. At the end of June or early July, the first harvest is made, the soil is loosened with a cultivator and the second sowing is carried out. Second chamomile collection in September. For chamomile seeds, a special area with early shoots is left; Plants are harvested for seeds when; the baskets have already dried out, but the seeds have not yet fallen out of them. Mown plants in small sheaves are placed under a canopy for final ripening. In medicine, colored heads of chamomile are used, cut without the stem if possible. When drying, to prevent fermentation, the flowers are laid out in as thin a layer as possible.

Persian chamomile

Grows wildly in the mountain meadows of the Caucasus. It is successfully cultivated in the Kyiv and Volyn regions. Seeds are sown in spring on garden beds with very shallow seeding. Chamomile loves soil mixed with lime. At the end of June or beginning of July, seedlings are planted on the same ridges. Next spring they are transplanted into place, and perhaps weeded often. From the end of July, chamomile heads are collected as they open. Every year in the spring, before the buds begin to develop, the ridges are dug up and at the same time propagation is carried out through rhizomes. You can cultivate chamomile in July.

The land is well prepared in the fall, plowed again in the spring and carefully harrowed. Row sowing is done in a mixture with seeds of quickly germinating plants (mustard, rapeseed), which are then pulled out. The main care consists of thorough weeding and inter-row loosening. In the fall, the plants are thinned out, and those pulled out are replanted. Flowering in the second year. They leave the plantation in one place, adding mineral fertilizers from time to time, until at least 10 poods are obtained from the tithe. powder. The newly opened heads are collected and dried in the air, in the shade. 2,000 dry heads weigh 5 pounds. Dry heads are ground in a special mill, and in this form they go on sale under the name Persian and Dalmatian powder.

Rhubarb plant. The culture is known in the Tula province. Soil for growing rhubarb needs to contain lime. It is better to propagate rhubarb from rhizomes, planting them first on ridges and then replanting them in places at a distance of a fathom from each other. The ground must be dug up. Fertilizer with bone meal or phosphate (in no case manure). Stagnation of water in the arable horizon is destructive for rhubarb. Since rhubarb leaves die off at the end of July, intercrops of vegetables with a shallow root system or chamomile are possible along with it. For the winter, each rhubarb bush is covered with manure. Full maturation of roots requires 10-12 years. The dug rhubarb roots are carefully sorted, all flabby, spongy pieces and small roots are discarded; the black outer bark is peeled off; the selected roots are cut into pieces, strung on a thread and dried.

Licorice , (licorice, sweet root, licorice). Licorice grows wild; on the solonetz soils of southeastern Russia and the Transcaucasus. Licorice can be cultivated in loose, deep sandy soils. Licorice is planted in furrows 11-12 inches deep. one from the other, by segments of roots or basal shoots. The first collection of roots is obtained 3-4 years after planting. The field can be maintained with a good harvest for 20-25 years by loosening the soil after harvesting. To collect licorice roots, they are dug up with a plow, and some of the shoots remain in the ground, and the field is renewed by itself, requiring only the planting of roots here and there on bald patches. After collection, licorice roots are kept in heaps for some time, where they acquire a brighter yellow color. The aged licorice roots and shoots are then washed, cleaned and scraped from the side roots.

Medicinal plant ergot

Ergot , (horns). Formed on ears of rye. Ergot is removed from the ears or separated from the rye grain during threshing and winnowed.

Sage , (kalufer). Found wild in gardens and vegetable gardens near Odessa, Yekaterinoslav, Kharkov and Kursk. There are also 15 species of wild sage, but none of them are suitable for medicine. Cultivated in Yaroslavl and Poltava regions. The soil for the crop requires dry, light, but rich in humus and lime; Strong sunshine is required. Propagation of sage in total better by division old bushes. In winter, sage freezes to the root; in the fall it should be hilled up to protect the root buds. In medicine, dried sage leaves (exclusively cultivated plants) are used, cut before flowering or at its very beginning.

Medicinal plant Saffron

Saffron , (crocus). Cultivated in large quantities in Baku and Dagestan. It can be cultivated in the southern part of Russia, where it ripens, in areas facing midday, with dry soil. It's best along beams protected from the north; the proximity of a river or damp meadow is very favorable; In wet years, the saffron yield is always higher. The soil for growing saffron should be well loosened and well fertilized. Saffron bulbs are planted in July in furrows 13 cm deep, spaced 13-18 cm apart from each other.

A saffron plantation can be left in one place for up to 6 years if liquid or mineral fertilizer is used from the third year. Saffron begins to bloom in the first year, but greatest number produces flowers in the third year. Since saffron leaves appear only at the end of summer, it is recommended to sow some other plant among the saffron that produces early collection, for example, chamomile. In medicine and confectionery, stigmas of saffron pistils are used, mixed with as few anthers, stamens and styles as possible. The most important part of saffron culture is harvesting and drying. Picking saffron flowers produced within 2-3 weeks, on dry autumn days, in the morning, when the flowers open. Now after collection, cleaning is carried out, i.e. separation and selection of stigmas from flowers, and it must be completed no later than by morning next day. The separated product is dried on sieves over a brazier with coals or in an oven until it becomes hard.

Tarragon . Grows wildly in the southeastern provinces. Flower tops and young tarragon are used in medicine. The flowering tops of tarragon are collected. To the instructions given for individual plants, it is necessary to add a few general remarks about the collection and drying of medicinal plants. Collection should always be done on a clear sunny day, and after the dew has completely disappeared. Delicate plants and, in particular, flowers can only be collected in baskets. Start drying immediately after

collection You can dry tarragon in the shade in the air, on ropes and in attics, directly on the floor, on matting or canvas, or, which is much better, on special lattice frames raised above the floor. Drying can also be done in barns, barns, cages and sheds, as long as they are dry and have sufficient ventilation. When drying, tarragon is placed in a thin layer or tied into small bunches. Both bundles and layers of product need to be turned over more often. Rain or dew can, if not completely spoil, then greatly reduce the quality of the product.

In most slulai, it is better to dry tarragon roots in a Russian oven or in a vegetable oven, without raising the temperature above 50°. If there is no dryer, and it is not possible to arrange one, then it is convenient to dry the roots in attics, under the roof, placing them on a scaffold in a thin layer. Tarragon roots are usually collected either in the fall, after the foliage has withered, or in the spring, before it develops. The roots are washed cold water and then prepare for drying in different ways, some by cleaning and cutting, others not (see instructions in the description of individual plants). Tarragon seeds are harvested when ripe and usually do not require special drying.

The fruits are also usually picked when ripe and then dried. The purer the product, the more the color of the fresh plant has been preserved in it, and the more carefully its packaging, the more expensive it is. If these conditions are met, the price increase can reach 250-300%. Before you start preparing a particular product, you should find a place to sell it and purchase it from a pharmacy warehouse finished sample a good product, to whose qualities you try to match your product. When preparing medicinal herbs, greater attention must be paid to ensuring that they are not mixed with herbs that are similar only in appearance but do not have medicinal properties.

That's what they call it life form higher plants. Among them there are poisonous varieties and those that can be eaten. Tea is brewed from individual herbs and infusions are made for internal and external use. IN different types contains various beneficial substances (in the root or in the shoots), extracts of which are also used in perfumery, the production of cosmetics, household chemicals, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.

Avran

(lat. Gratiola officinalis) is a poisonous herbaceous plant common in Central and Eastern Europe. There are many common names for avran: God's grace, grace, fever grass, horse tinder, moknets, deer grass, draciolia, bloodworm. The Russian-language name is of Turkic origin and translated means “to be sick.”

Aloe

(lat. Aloe- bitter) is a perennial plant with fleshy, sword-shaped leaves that form rosettes as they grow. The name of the plant comes from the Arabic language, but in Russian there are several common nicknames for aloe - agave, rannik, sabur.

Althea

(lat. Althaea officinalis) is a perennial medicinal plant. The name of the herb comes from the Greek word Althaca, which means “heal” or “multi-beneficial.” In the Russian and Ukrainian languages ​​there are several popular names for marshmallow: marshmallow, mallow, kalachiki, rozha, wild rose, palyanitsya, dog, patirnik, ruzha psyacha and others.

Pansies

(lat. Viola tricolor) is one of several popular names for a flower known scientifically as tricolor violet. In various Slavic countries and their regions, people call it in their own way: viola, three-flowered, Ivan-da-Marya, brothers, brother-and-sister, but the most common name remains Pansies.

Aster

(lat. Aster- star) is a plant known for its huge number of species and diversity color palette. In science, annual varieties belong to the genus Callistephus chinensis (Callistephuschihensis). The Greek word "Callistephus" means "beautiful wreath". It is this type of flowers that has gained the greatest popularity and received widespread and is known as garden or Chinese aster.

Astragalus wooliflora

(lat. Astragálus dasyánthus) or Astragalus dense-flowered is a herbaceous perennial plant of the Legume family and the numerous genus Astragalus, which has almost 2000 species. Its name is believed to come from the Greek word " astragalos" This was the name of a dice made from lamb ankles. The plant has many popular names - cat's pea, Polish recount, centaury, Scythian grass of life.

Ledum

For respiratory diseases, use wild rosemary herb in the form of infusions; it is also a diuretic, disinfectant and antiseptic.

Oil from the wild rosemary plant is ideal remedy against runny nose.

Periwinkle

The genus of this plant has a Latin name Vinca, translated meaning “to entwine.” Its representatives belong to the Kutrovye family and are creeping herbs or subshrubs. In the wild, the small periwinkle is mainly found, having the following popular names: grave grass, blueberry, burial ground, brilliant green, ivy, khreschatik, noyushka, wreath, cornflower, witches violet.

Valerian

The most common version of the origin of the name is from Lat. “valere” – “to be healthy.” The species system of valerian is diverse; many types of valerian, used both in official and folk medicine, have medicinal value.

Knapweed

Decoctions and infusions of cornflower are used for: inflammatory and chronic kidney diseases, inflammation of the urinary tract, edema, urolithiasis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, urethritis, cystitis, pyelitis, nephrosis, decreased vision, liver and biliary tract diseases. Helps resolve problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

Elecampane

Elecampane preparations improve expectoration of sputum, reduce intestinal secretory activity, normalize metabolism, stimulate bile formation, increase diuresis, and have antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties. Elecampane preparations are used internally for chronic and acute bronchitis, enterocolitis, functional diarrhea, colitis, chronic and acute pharyngitis, gingivitis, tracheitis, difficult-to-heal wounds, and periodontal disease.

St. John's wort

This plant was credited with the ability to drive away evil spirits. St. John's wort protected against ghosts and witches, and purple juice obtained by pressing flower buds, was considered a charming remedy. For medicinal purposes, the herb St. John's wort is mainly used - leaves and young shoots.

Ivan-tea

The name is associated with the role of the plant in the history of trade, in an era when “Russian tea” made from fireweed grass was one of the most exported products from Russia to the countries of Albion and Europe. Traditional and Popular Russian name“Ivan”, thanks to the light hand of foreign dealers and suppliers, became firmly entrenched in the name of the then popular drink, which became famous on the world market.

Calendula

It gained fame after Queen Margaret of Navarre called this plant her favorite flower and ordered it to be grown in her garden. It has antispasmodic and anticonvulsant effects. People believe that calendula helps with spleen disease, crushing stones in bladder, for hypertension and cough, stomach cramps, cardiac neuroses, alveolar pyorrhea, burns, for the treatment of wounds, non-healing ulcers and fistulas.

Clover

This is a plant of the legume family. The flowers depend on the species and are red, pink or white. Herbalists have been using clover since ancient times as a source of calcium, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamins A, B and C. In medicine, they use the leaves, stems and flowers, which are collected during flowering.

Hemp

It grows in Western Siberia, the Volga region, and Altai in the European part of Russia. Nowadays, this plant is cultivated in almost all countries. Officially, the plant is allowed to be grown and consumed only in Colombia. In other states, cultivation, consumption, distribution or possession is criminally punishable.

Nettle

Distributed in Europe and Asia, Africa and Australia, and North America. It can be found in the CIS countries, India, China, Japan, the USA and Great Britain. A large amount of vitamins and nutrients makes nettle one of the most used plants in official and folk medicine, dietetics and cosmetology. The most commonly used plant is stinging nettle.

Red brush (rhodiola)

In folk medicine, Rhodiola quadrupartum is prescribed for prostatitis, prostate adenoma and diseases of the genitourinary system. The red brush is used in the complex treatment of neoplasms (tumors); as an adaptogen and as a means of rejuvenating the body. To the main medicinal properties red brush include: adaptogenic, immunostimulating, hemostatic, tonic. The red brush is successfully used in gynecology.

Burnet

There are about 27 types of burnet, but not all are the most famous and useful. Burnet preparations help with various types of bleeding, such as uterine bleeding, hemoptysis, gastric, heavy menstruation, hemorrhoids, etc. Burnet is used externally as a means to promote the healing of wounds, abrasions and cuts.

Lavender

Lavender is a subshrub, up to 60 cm high. It is widespread in India, Arabia, southern Europe, northern and eastern Africa, and even the Canary Islands. There are about 30 varieties of this shrub. Lavender is widely used in cooking, household chemicals, production of soft and alcoholic drinks, toilet soap, deodorants, air fresheners, perfumes and cosmetics.

Burdock

Burdock originally appeared in the Mediterranean and then spread widely throughout the world. It grows, as a rule, in the southern regions, steppe zones, along river valleys and ravines. It is also often found under the walls of buildings, in parks, under fences, along the edges of gardens, as well as in forests with good humidity. Widely used in folk medicine. Most often the roots are consumed, less often the leaves with fruits.

Poppy

Different parts of the plant are used for different purposes. In cooking, only seeds are used - small, dark grains with a round shape. Poppy seeds are sprinkled on baked goods to add more aroma and taste. Mixing with powdered sugar, make filling for buns and various sweet cakes.

Coltsfoot

Perennial plant, order Astroraceae (Asteraceae or Asteraceae). This plant can be seen blooming in early spring. Coltsfoot is very common in Eurasian countries and North Africa. In North America, this plant has been grafted and is now also quite common.

Mint

Mint - aromatic and useful plant. It contains a large amount of essential oil - menthol. It is used as a folk remedy against many diseases, as well as in cosmetology - it is added to shampoos, creams, lotions and other products.

Tansy

The name itself comes from the Czech or Polish word “pizmo”, which means “musk”, that is, the smell is of organic origin. In fact, all plants of this species have a very strong, rich aroma, and the smell is emitted by every cell of this plant.

Plantain

Of the more than 200 species of this plant, two are of greatest importance - flea plantain and large plantain. They are considered the most healing. This plant has been known for its medicinal properties for more than a thousand years. Juice from plantain leaves is taken in the form of lotions, fresh cuts, rinses for bruises, chronic ulcers, wounds, fistulas, boils, and abscesses. In the form of a compress fresh leaves used for furunculosis and purulent wounds.

Sunflower

A type of herbaceous annual plant. The stem grows up to 3 m high, straight, covered with hard hairs. The leaves are oval-heart-shaped, dark green, up to 40 cm long, covered with hard, short, pubescent hairs. Flowers have large diameters of 30-50 cm; during the day, young sunflowers turn towards the sun .