MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
PHARMACOPOEIAL ARTICLE
GinsengpresentrootsFS.2.5.0013.15
Panacis ginseng radices In return for the Global FundXI, vol. 2, art. 66
Collected in late August - early September and dried roots of the wild and cultivated perennial herbaceous plant true ginseng - Panax ginseng C. A. Mey, sem. Araliaceae – Araliaceae.
AUTHENTICITY
External signs
Whole raw materials. Roots up to 25 cm long, 0.7–2.5 cm thick, with 2–5 large branches, less often without them. The roots are taprooted, longitudinally, less often spirally wrinkled, fragile, with an even fracture. The “body” of the root is thickened, almost cylindrical, with clearly defined annular thickenings on top. In the upper part of the root there is a narrowed transversely wrinkled rhizome - a “neck”. The rhizome is short with several scars from fallen stems; at the top it forms a “head”, which is an expanded remainder of the stem and an apical bud (sometimes 2–3). Sometimes one or more extend from the “neck” adventitious roots. The “neck” and “head” may be missing. The color of the roots on the surface and on the cut is yellowish-white, on a fresh fracture it is white. The smell is specific. The taste of the water extract is sweet, pungent, then spicy-bitter.
Crushed raw materials. When examining crushed raw materials under a magnifying glass (10×) or a stereo microscope (16×), pieces of roots are visible various shapes passing through a sieve with holes measuring 7 mm. The color on the surface and on the fracture is yellowish-white. The smell is specific. The taste of the water extract is sweet, pungent, then spicy-bitter.
Powder. When examining the powder under a magnifying glass (10×) or a stereo microscope (16×), a mixture of crushed particles of roots of various shapes of a yellowish-white color is visible, passing through a sieve with 2 mm holes. The smell is specific. The taste of the water extract is sweet, pungent, then spicy-bitter.
Microscopic signs
Whole raw materials. A cross section of the main root reveals a narrow layer of light brown plug, wide bark, a clear cambium line and wood.
The main root is covered with periderm, the cells of which are thin-walled and lignified, non-suberized. Phloem and xylem are separated by the cambial zone, which runs approximately through the middle of the root radius and
sometimes it is not visible. To the periphery, large-celled primary radial rays of parenchyma tissue extend from the primary xylem, between which there is secondary xylem, intersected by numerous secondary radial rays of the main parenchyma. Xylem consists of thin-walled parenchyma cells containing starch grains. The vessels of the medullary rays have thickened, lignified walls and are located singly or collected in groups of 3–6. Cells containing yellow pigments are occasionally found in the wood parenchyma. In the center of the root there are vaguely recognizable remains of primary xylem in the form of 2 rays. Phloem consists mainly of small-celled elements; it contains clearly visible schizogenic containers containing droplets of secretion from light yellow to red-brown. Starch grains are small, round, simple. Individual parenchyma cells contain drusen of calcium oxalate. External part The secondary cortex is bordered by a zone of several (4–6) rows of large tangentially elongated parenchyma cells of the phelloderm, round or oval, with a slightly thickened shell.
Figure – Real ginseng roots.
1 – fragment of a cross section of the main root (100×); 2 – cork fragment (400×); 3 – fragment of a cross section of an adventitious root: a – xylem vessels, b – starch grains (400×); 4 – fragment of a cross section of the main root with a secretory canal: a – lining cells of the canal, b – canal cavity (400×); 5 – fragment of the parenchyma of the medullary rays: a – calcium oxalate drusen, b – starch grains (400×); 6 – parenchyma cells of the medullary ray (100×).
On a cross section of an adventitious root, in the center, a ray of vessels of the primary xylem is the remnant of the diarchic vascular bundle in the primary structure. Two sectors of secondary xylem are separated by radial rays of the main parenchyma. Parenchyma cells are round or oval, partially or completely filled with starch grains. The cork consists of 5–7 layers of rectangular, thin-walled cells, weakly lignified.
Crushed raw materials. When examining a pressed specimen, fragments of transverse and longitudinal sections of the main and adventitious roots should be visible.
Fragments of the main root are represented by xylem rays and vessels, filling parenchyma cells of the medullary rays with starch grains, canal cavities and lining cells, parenchyma cells with pigments, and cambium cells.
Fragments of the adventitious root are represented by plug cells, parenchyma with starch grains, receptacles, primary and secondary cortex, vessels, medullary rays.
Powder. When examining a microslide, fragments of epidermis, cork, wood, parenchyma, as well as drusen of calcium oxalate are visible.
Determination of the main groups of biologically active substances
Thin layer chromatography
20 μl of the test solution is applied to the starting line of an analytical chromatographic plate with a layer of silica gel with a fluorescent indicator measuring 10 × 15 cm on an aluminum substrate (see section “ quantitation"preparation of solution A of the test solution) and 50 μl of a standard sample solution (SS) of panaxoside Rg 1 (see section "Quantitative determination" preparation of solution A CO of panaxoside Rg 1). The plate with the applied samples is dried in air, placed in a chamber, pre-saturated for at least 2 hours with a solvent mixture of chloroform - methanol - water (26:14:3), and chromatographed using an ascending method. When the solvent front passes about 80–90% of the length of the plate from the starting line, it is removed from the chamber, dried until traces of solvents are removed, treated with phosphotungstic acid with a 20% alcohol solution and heated in an oven at 100–105 °C for 3 minutes, after which is viewed in daylight.
The chromatogram of the test solution must show at least 6 adsorption zones from light pink to dark pink; the dominant zone is at the zone level in the chromatogram of the CO solution of panaxoside Rg 1 ; detection of other adsorption zones is allowed.
- When a drop of concentrated sulfuric acid is applied to the ginseng root powder after 1–2 minutes, a brick-red color appears, turning into red-violet, and then violet (panaxosides).
TESTS
Humidity
Whole raw materials crushed raw materials, powder – no more than 13%.
Total ash
Whole raw materials crushed raw materials, powder – no more than 5%.
Ash, insoluble in hydrochloric acid
Whole raw materials crushed raw materials, powder – no more than 2%.
Raw material grinding
Whole raw materials: particles passing through a sieve with holes measuring 3 mm - no more than 5%. Crushed raw materials: particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes measuring 7 mm - no more than 5%; particles passing through a sieve with holes measuring 0.5 mm - no more than 5%. Powder: particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes measuring 2 mm - no more than 5%; particles passing through a sieve with holes measuring 0.18 mm - no more than 5%.
Foreign matter
Roots darkened from the surface . Whole raw materials crushed raw materials – no more than 3%.
Organic impurity.
Whole raw materials crushed raw materials – no more
0,5 %.
Mineral impurity . Whole raw materials, crushed raw materials, powder – no more than 1%.
Heavy metals
Radionuclides
In accordance with the requirements of the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph “Determination of radionuclide content in medicinal plant materials and medicinal herbal preparations.”
Pesticide residues
According to requirements.
Microbiological purity
According to requirements.
quantitation
Whole raw materials crushed raw materials, powder: the amount of panaxosides in terms of panaxoside Rg 1 - not less than 2%; extractive substances extracted with 70% alcohol - no less than 20%.
Total panaxosides
Preparation of solutions.
Sulfuric acid solution. To 45 ml of water, carefully add 60 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring.
Panaxoside R CO solutiong 1 . About 0.03 g (exactly weighed) CO of panaxoside Rg 1 is placed in a 25 ml volumetric flask and dissolved in small quantity alcohol 96%, bring the volume of the solution to the mark with the same solvent and mix (solution A CO panaxoside Rg 1). The shelf life of the solution is 30 days.
1.0 ml of solution A CO panaxoside Rg 1 is placed in a flask with a capacity
25 ml, add 5 ml of sulfuric acid solution 70% and heat in a water bath for 10 minutes (solution B CO panaxoside Rg 1). The shelf life of the solution is 30 days.
An analytical sample of raw materials is crushed to the size of particles passing through a sieve with holes measuring 2 mm. About 1.0 g (exactly weighed) of crushed raw material is placed in a conical flask with a ground section with a capacity of 100 ml, 30 ml of 70% alcohol is added. The flask is stoppered and weighed to the nearest ± 0.01. The flask is attached to reflux condenser and heat in a water bath (moderate boiling) for 90 minutes. Then the flask is cooled to room temperature, closed with the same stopper, weighed again and, if necessary, brought to the original mass with 70% alcohol. The contents of the flask are thoroughly mixed. The extract is filtered through a paper filter (“red stripe”) (solution A of the test solution).
5.0 ml of solution A of the test solution is placed in a porcelain cup and evaporated to dryness in a water bath. The dry residue is dissolved in 5–6 ml of water, quantitatively transferred to a glass filter with a layer of polyamide 1–1.5 cm high and eluted with 10–15 ml of water. The aqueous eluate is discarded. Then the polyamide layer is eluted with 96% alcohol, collecting the eluate in a 10 ml volumetric flask, adjust the volume of the solution with 96% alcohol to the mark and mix (solution B of the test solution).
1.0 ml of solution B of the test solution is placed in a flask with a capacity of 25 ml, 5 ml of sulfuric acid solution of 70% is added and heated in a water bath for 10 minutes (solution B of the test solution). After cooling, measure the optical density of solution B of the test solution using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 526 nm in a cuvette with a layer thickness of 10 mm. 96% alcohol is used as a reference solution.
In parallel, the optical density of solution B CO panaxoside Rg 1 is determined under the same conditions.
A
A 0 – optical density of solution B CO panaxoside Rg 1 ;
a– weight of raw materials, g;
a 0 – weighed portion of CO panaxoside Rg 1, g;
R– content of the main substance in the RM of panaxoside Rg 1,%;
W– moisture content of raw materials, %.
It is allowed to calculate the content of the sum of panaxosides in terms of panaxoside Rg 1 using the specific absorption index of the hydrolysis products of panaxoside Rg 1 with a solution of sulfuric acid according to the formula:
A– optical density of solution B of the test solution;
– specific absorption index of the products of hydrolysis of panaxoside Rg 1 with a solution of sulfuric acid at 526 nm, equal to 25;
a– weight of raw materials, g;
W– moisture content of raw materials, %.
Extractives
In accordance with the requirements of the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph “Determination of the content of extractive substances in medicinal plant raw materials” (method 1, extractant – 70% alcohol).
Note. Determination of the amount of panaxosides in terms of panaxoside Rg 1 is carried out for raw materials intended for the production of medicinal herbal preparations (packs, filter bags); determination of extractive substances extracted with 70% alcohol and the amount of panaxosides in terms of panaxoside Rg 1 - for raw materials intended for the production of tincture.
Packaging, labeling and transportation
According to requirements.
There is a lot of information about the properties, composition and effectiveness of ginseng. But for those who want to, it is important to know the answers to specific questions. We have systematized data that will help you choose ginseng and get the necessary information in one article.
Main types of ginseng
The Araliaceae family includes Asian, American and Siberian ginseng. They differ in their composition and spectrum of action. Siberian ginseng does not belong to the traditional types of ginseng, therefore two types are used as medicinal and restorative agents. But the American one is not very popular here, and its main property is its tonic effect. The most widespread is the one that grows in Korea. It contains saponins of a certain chemical composition that are not found in any other herbal remedy. That is why they recommend it, which has a complex effect on the body. If there is an image of a yellow root in the shape of a man on the packaging, then this is real Korean ginseng.
Wild ginseng is very rare, so extracts from cultivated ginseng are available on sale. A comparative study showed that in terms of effectiveness they are almost identical! In Korea, it is grown on plantations in the most suitable climatic conditions and in compliance with all necessary requirements. The marking will help verify this, namely the logo with the image of mountains and the inscription National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service. The quality of control is indicated by the green GMP logo. You should also pay attention to the blue Health Functional Food logo, which also confirms the quality of Korean ginseng.
White, red or black?
Ginseng is classified into several types depending on the age of the root and the method of obtaining the extract. Fresh ginseng is a plant aged up to 3-4 years. White is obtained from a 4-6 year old root, which is ground and dried. - This is a mature 6-year-old root, dried and steamed. undergoes multiple steaming procedures. By the amount of saponins and others useful substances The record holder is black ginseng. But the golden mean can be called red (Red Ginseng). Accordingly, when purchasing ginseng-based products, you need to pay attention to the designations and the age of the root.
First of all, it must be a 100% extract, which is also indicated on the ginseng packaging. A good extract contains 70-75% rhizomes, the rest are small shoots. The ratio is indicated as a percentage: for example, 70% - 30%. On the marking you can also see the amount of dry residue as a percentage. IN quality products it fluctuates between 65-68%. Even without knowing the Korean language, this data is easy to find on the packaging if you focus on the numbers given. But the most important thing is the amount of saponins! Previously, they were also indicated as a percentage, but now they are mg/g. A good extract should contain at least 5-6 mg/g. The higher their content, the more effective it is considered.
The daily dosage is given for each drug. General rule– this is taken 2 times a day (morning and afternoon) 30 minutes before meals. The first course of admission is 1 month. The release form does not affect the restorative, stimulating and medicinal properties ginseng. It depends only on the content of saponins. Can . All of them are convenient to take, so choose as you wish. There are many recipes for ginseng tinctures with water or alcohol. But scientists have found that alcohol tinctures efficiency is quite low. Therefore, it is more advisable to buy ready-made, proven ones, which are widely represented in our catalog.
Chinese medicine, which used the root as early as 3000 BC, endowed ginseng with extraordinary properties that could cure all diseases. Such medicine was valued very dearly, on a par with gold and precious stones. Ginseng roots weighing 200-500 g are of particular value.
Ginseng is a unique long-lived plant, capable of living for 1-1.5 centuries.
Origin
IN natural conditions Ginseng grows in the Russian Far East, Korea, and China. For habitat, the plant chooses mountainous areas with cedar, deciduous and mixed forests. It needs loose, organic-rich soil with moderate moisture. Grows in the shade of trees, thickets of bushes and where there is no direct sunlight.
Name
) belongs to the perennials of the Araliaceae family.
In China, ginseng means “root man.” The name is given for the human-like structure of the root. It is also called stosil, the root of life and the gift of the gods.
Description
The plant (see photo) has straight, rounded single stems. Several leaves at the apex are obovate and sharp edge. The long-petiolate leaves of 5 leaflets are covered with spines along the veins. The thin stem of the plant, hollow when cut, does not grow higher than 50 cm.
The root is spindle-shaped, light-colored yellow color with weak branching. The central short rhizome forms two rod-like, succulent shoots 20 cm long and 2 cm thick, similar to legs. The upper zone of the rhizome, called the neck, is covered with scars of annual shoots, which determine the age of the root. In the upper part of the neck, a bud is stored for the winter, which will produce shoots next year.
The outer surface of the root is wrinkled and white when cut. It has a peculiar smell and sweetish taste.
In the ground, the root is located at an angle of 45-30°.
During the flowering period, in mid-summer, small, unsightly flowers with a white corolla appear. Sometimes slightly pink or greenish-white. Small flowers with a faint aroma, collected in an umbrella of 15-20 pieces. A couple of months after flowering, with the arrival of autumn, ginseng forms a bright red fruit with 1-3 flat gray-yellow seeds (plant photo).
The method of propagation is exclusively by seed. When sowing seeds, one feature should be taken into account: seedlings will appear only after 1.5-2 years. Flowering of a young plant will occur no earlier than after 3 years.
Healing root
The extraordinary healing properties of ginseng have become legendary. The healing root relieves diseases and can bring a dying person back to life.
Saturated chemical composition explains the use of the root in medicinal purposes since ancient times.
It contains:
- resins,
- alkaloids,
- panaxic acid,
- tannins,
- sulfur and phosphorus,
- essential oils,
- phytosterol,
- sugar,
- manganese,
- iron, in
- itamins and microelements,
- saponins,
- panacea oil,
- pectins,
- starch.
There is a general tonic, stimulating and analgesic effect, the ability to increase performance, normalize pressure in blood vessels and blood sugar, remove bile, stimulate function thyroid gland, establish gas exchange processes in the lungs.
Ginseng is effective for nervous disorders, fatigue, and for the treatment of hypotension and depression. The use of ginseng root enhances mental activity and promotes longevity.
Soil preparation
In the area for planting ginseng, avoid moisture stagnation, flooding, and close proximity groundwater. A north-eastern or north-western slope is suitable. The rays of the rising and setting sun should be ensured. With strong shading, the roots weaken. 1/10 of daylight illumination is sufficient for development. Young plant needs light less than an adult.
Soil preparation requires special care. Its components must mature for several years to resemble natural taiga.
The soil required is loose, with high permeability of moisture and air, neutral acidity pH 5.7 - 6.8, containing enough organic matter and up to 8% humus.
Soil mixture prepared from:
- mixtures of forest soil,
- five-year mullein humus,
- turfy soil and rotten leaves,
- sand,
- lake silt,
- wood dust,
- ash.
Ridges 30 cm high and 1 m wide are prepared in 2-3 months. Orientation from east to west is required.
To avoid infection, ginseng should not be planted after potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes.
Features of cultivation
4-year-old plant seeds are suitable for sowing. Collected seeds free from pulp and wash. Then ventilate in the shade and soak in a manganese solution for 20 minutes. The prepared seeds are placed in a nylon stocking, after being mixed with coarse sand in a ratio of 1:3. The sand is pre-sifted, washed and fried over a fire.
Seeds with cracked seeds are considered ready for sowing. A mixture of seeds and sand is buried 10 cm into the ground at the end of April or beginning of May. Late autumn before the ground freezes and in the spring after thawing, the seeds are removed, ventilated, disinfected and placed back. The soil is kept moist.
The seeds will hatch by autumn next year. They are cleared of sand, treated with potassium permanganate and sown in September or October to a depth of 5 cm with an interval of 3 cm in the row. The rows are spaced at a distance of 10 cm. When planting seedlings, maintain 15 cm between the roots, the row spacing is increased to 20 cm. The norm for bud depth – 5 cm with orientation to the east. The root is positioned at 45°.
In the first year, one leaf with 3 leaflets will appear, the next year 1-2 leaves with 3-5 leaflets. A four-year-old plant has 4 leaves, with an annual increase in the number for the next 2 years.
How to care for a plant
When growing ginseng, you should monitor the looseness and moisture of the soil. Water if necessary. Required humidity soil 60-70%. Weeding and loosening to a depth of 10 cm is carried out manually. Then mulch with a layer of sawdust, old leaves or pine needles.
After the seasonal ripening of the seeds, rhizome growth begins. At this time, the lighting is increased.
For preventive purposes, plants are treated Bordeaux mixture before emergence and at the end of the growing season.
To protect against cold weather, the beds are covered with a 2 cm carpet of vermicompost.
Procurement of raw materials
Ginseng is listed in environmental books different countries. Medicinal raw materials are cultivated on plantations. When cultivating ginseng, it is possible to increase the root mass in 6-7 years. Under natural conditions, due to slow metabolic processes It takes about 20 years to obtain ginseng root of sufficient mass.
Adult plants 5-8 years old, when the roots have time to gain weight up to 100 g, are subject to collection.
In the fall, the roots are carefully dug out with wooden spatulas so as not to damage the lobes that have grown into the ground. The roots, cleared of lumps of earth, are not washed. They are dried for 2 months. Dry, hard root can be stored for up to 5 years.
Green mass prepared from 3-6 summer plants with the arrival of September. The leaves are dried in a shady place and stored for 1 year.
Watch also the video
ORDINARY GINSENG(Panax Ginseng) - perennial herbaceous plant, family Araliaceae, with a thick, fleshy, slightly branched root and a single stem, up to 80 cm high, the age of which can reach over 50 years. Includes 11 species native to Asia, North America. Well known medicinal plant. Other names: true ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), root man, gift of the gods, root of life, stosil, panax ginseng.
From generation to generation, stories and legends are passed on about the mysterious ginseng root, which cures many diseases and returns youth to old people and promotes longevity. Ginseng means root man. Indeed, the appearance of ginseng root resembles a human figure. Scientific name Panax Ginseng was given by the famous Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus. The name Rapah comes from the Greek word panacea, which means “remedy for all diseases.”
Grows mainly in the Far East, China, Tibet, Altai, northern Korea in the dense shade of deciduous and coniferous trees. Wild ginseng is listed in the International Red Book, but garden or domesticated ginseng is widely cultivated. Korea is the first country to establish mass cultivation of ginseng. In Russia it is usually associated with the Far Eastern taiga. It is cultivated on plantations in the Caucasus, the Urals, and is grown in China, both Koreas, the USA, Japan, Canada, and Vietnam. Amateur cultivation of ginseng is also carried out in other regions.
Use of ginseng for medicinal purposes
What is the strength of this illustrious and still largely mysterious plant? They talked about ginseng, all sorts of things. Some claimed that its root heals the most serious diseases, others that it returns youth to people and prolongs life, while others claimed that ginseng gives unprecedented strength to a person. There is no other plant in the world that has such healing power. Ginseng is rightly considered a symbol of life on earth. Exceptionally strong healing properties ginseng was noted by a famous Russian researcher Far East V. K. Arsenyev.
They say that ginseng began to be used in traditional Chinese medicine 3000 years ago. And now, in the age of new technologies, ginseng is constantly used in medicines, although its chemical composition has not been fully studied. It is known that ginseng root contains glucosides panaxsaponin and panaquilone, saponins, pectins, mucous and resinous substances, phytosterols, fatty acids, essential oil, vitamins C and group B, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, aluminum, silicon, barium, strontium, manganese and others.
For medicinal purposes, dried roots of wild and cultivated plants are used. real ginseng, or common (Panax ginseng). Roots are also used Panax ginseng(Panax quinquefolium), creeping ginseng(Panax repens). Ginseng has an adaptogenic, metabolic, biostimulating, antiemetic, tonic effect, and stimulates appetite.
Ginseng is used as a remedy against cancer, for poor memory, loss of strength, depression, diabetes (lowers blood sugar levels), for fatigue, for various disorders nervous system, treats gastritis, peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, inflammatory diseases of the liver, spleen, kidneys, intestines, joint damage, polyarthritis, rheumatism and much more. Ginseng preparations enhance metabolism, increase body tone, stimulate the endocrine system, improve the activity of the gonads, reduce the heart rate and increase the amplitude of heart contractions, normalize blood pressure, increase gas exchange, accelerate wound healing, and increase resistance to radiation exposure.
Panax ginseng has a beneficial effect even on completely healthy person, strengthening his immunity, prolonging youth and life itself, increasing efficiency and restoring strength after hard physical or mental work and suffering from severe, long-term illnesses. In Korea and China, ginseng root is boiled into a paste and consumed a teaspoon per day, as well as canned.
Widely advertised as a remedy for all diseases, ginseng also has a number of features. It should not be prescribed to children under five years of age. When too large doses and long-term use in adults may cause overexcitation. Ginseng is contraindicated for acute infections, inflammatory processes, bleeding, increased excitability, pregnancy.
Powders, infusions, decoctions, ointments, extracts, tablets, and pills are made from ginseng root. Ginseng tincture is a famous tonic, restorative, and stimulant. Ginseng has a clearly defined seasonality of action. Taking it in autumn and winter is most effective. At other times it is necessary to take it in smaller doses. When treated with ginseng, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is completely avoided.
Ginseng Tincture (Tinctura Ginsengi)
Tincture (1:10) in 70% alcohol from the roots of true ginseng (Panax ginseng) of the Araliaceae family; in dark glass bottles of 30 ml, 1 bottle in a box. Medicine contains essential and fatty oils, pectins and other carbohydrates, triterpene glycosides, saponins and other substances. Indications: hypotension, fatigue, overwork, neurasthenia. Directions for use and dosage: orally, 30-40 minutes before meals, 15-25 drops 2-3 times a day. Course - 30-40 days. Sold in a pharmacy.
For myocardial infarction: Mix 20 grams of common ginseng root with 0.5 kg of bee honey, leave for one week, stirring frequently. Take 3 times a day, 1/4 tsp. Particularly useful for low blood hemoglobin. For heart failure: Dry ginseng roots crushed into powder, take 0.25 grams 2-3 times a day.
With loss of strength, hypotension, exhaustion, nervous diseases . Pour ginseng root with 40-50% alcohol in a ratio of 1:10. Leave for 2 weeks, then filter. Take 10-15 drops 2-3 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals for 30-40 days, then take a break for 2-3 weeks. If necessary, after a break the course of treatment is repeated. Pour boiling water over ginseng root in a ratio of 1:10. Leave for 1 hour. Drink 1 tsp. for the reception.
Dry ginseng root tincture- to prepare the tincture, the dry root is crushed to a powdery state, then poured with vodka at the rate of 30 g of root per 1 liter of vodka, infused for 3-4 weeks, shaking occasionally. The finished tincture is filtered. For preventive purposes, 20 drops of tincture are taken 1-2 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is 1.5 months. After a 30-day break, a repeat course is carried out. For treatment various diseases Ginseng tincture is taken in doses prescribed by the doctor (usually 30-40 drops).
Fresh ginseng root tincture- to prepare the tincture, the root is washed cold water, dried, crushed, poured with vodka at the rate of 100 g of root per 1 liter of vodka, infused for 3-4 weeks, shaking occasionally. The finished tincture is filtered. For preventive purposes, 15-20 drops of tincture are taken 3 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals. After a month of treatment, take a break for 10 days, then repeat the course.
Ginseng root puree. Wash the fresh root, cut into pieces, grind, turning into a paste. Serve separately (1/3-1/4 tsp) or mix with natural juices, jelly, jelly. Eat slowly - 10-15 minutes.
Today, ginseng is actively used by cosmetologists. The ginseng plant has a nourishing effect on the skin, improves its condition, having a beneficial effect on the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It promotes cell regeneration, regulates the amount of water in the skin, protecting it from dehydration, and acts as a kind of stimulant that increases blood circulation.
Ginseng cultivation experience
Enthusiastic ginseng growers and specialists have learned how to grow this valuable plant on their plots or on their small plantations. Ginseng roots collected in the fall, no earlier than the fifth year of the plant’s life, are used as medicinal raw materials. Ginseng greatly depletes the soil, so it can be replanted no earlier than after ten years. Since it is a very shade-loving plant, all plantations are covered with canopies that allow no more than 20-30 percent of the sun’s rays to pass through.
IN room conditions The medicinal plant ginseng is much more difficult to grow, since it is difficult to create the necessary conditions for it. To successfully breed on your plots or at home, you need knowledge not only of plant biology, but also experience gained over the years. long history cultivation of ginseng. However, it is known that some amateurs managed to grow ginseng at home for 5-8 years, during which time the root acquires medicinal value. Successful experience growing ginseng in indoor conditions was carried out by a researcher Botanical Garden Moscow University T.T. Trofimov. Among the lucky lovers indoor culture ginseng should be called the worker N. S. Granadsky (Cheboksary), who for 8-10 years grows the root in large clay pots And wooden boxes in your apartment, creating the necessary conditions for ginseng.
Natural ginseng roots weighing 100-200 g are very rare. In 1981, a ginseng root of extraordinary size was found in China, weighing 500 g, the length of the shoot was 65 cm. This root had many branches and pearly growths, which make it especially valuable. An even rarer specimen was found in 1905 in Manchuria while laying railway. The age of this plant was 200 years, and its root weighed 600 g. The root was sold in Shanghai for 5 thousand dollars, which was only half of its true value. Ginseng first came to Russia in 1675 from China. It was brought by the Russian envoy to the court of the Chinese Emperor, boyar N. G. Sapphiry.
Medicinal herbs and plants - Ginseng real, ordinary, five-leafed: description, medicinal properties, preparation, application, folk recipes, contraindications and precautions, recommendations.
Description.
REAL GINSENG (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey)
True, ordinary, five-leaf ginseng is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Araliaceae family, up to 80 cm high, rarely higher. The underground organs are the rhizome and the thickened main root. The root is taproot, oblong-cylindrical, usually with 2-6 thickened lateral branches (shoots) and thin skeletal roots (lobes), has a total length of 60 cm or more; the thickness of the main root is up to 3 cm. On the main and lateral roots, numerous very fragile seasonal suction roots develop in the spring and die off by autumn, after the death of which characteristic nodule-like tubercles remain on the roots. The root is fleshy (contains up to 75% water), aromatic, and grayish-yellow when cut. Rhizome wild plants usually thin, up to 10 cm or more in length, with clearly defined, spiral-shaped scars that form annually when above-ground shoots die. The annual growth of the root averages 1 g or slightly more. The aboveground shoot is usually single, much less often there are multi-stemmed plants - with 2 (sometimes up to 6-7) shoots. The stem is straight, thin, cylindrical, green or brown-red, glabrous, hollow inside. Young plants have 1-2 leaves, adults have 4-5 (rarely up to 7); they are long-petiolate, usually five-fingered, up to 40 cm long, arranged in a rosette at the top of the stem. Leaf petioles with a purple-red tint. In mature plants, a peduncle up to 25 cm high with one simple umbrella develops from the center of the leaf rosette; below it there are often smaller lateral umbrellas. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, with a white corolla. The fruit is a bright red, lower, usually two-stone, often single-stone, rarely three-stone drupe. It blooms in July, the fruits ripen in August - September. Reproduces only by seeds. Seeds germinate only 18-22 months after autumn sowing (some seeds only in the 3rd or 4th year), which is due to the underdevelopment of the embryo in them. Lives up to 150 years.
Wild ginseng grows in the south of the Khabarovsk Territory, in the Primorsky Territory, as well as in Korea, China, and Manchuria. It grows mainly in cedar-broad-leaved forests, sometimes with an admixture of fir and spruce, less often - in oak or hornbeam forests with an admixture of aspen, maple, ash and linden. Prefers loose, humus-rich soil with moderate moisture content. It does not tolerate direct sunlight and therefore is never found in open areas.
The first written mention of this plant was noted in the oldest Chinese work on medicinal properties“Shennong-bencao”, dating back to the 1st century BC. e., although in the eastern folk medicine it has been used for at least 4-5 thousand years. And there has never been a more legendary plant in the history of medicine. He was credited with the ability not only to heal all diseases, but also to instill life in a dying person. People called it “the root of life”, “the miracle of the world”, “the blow of immortality” and other equally big names. The extraordinary fame of the plant gave rise to a real “ginseng fever” and became the cause of many tragedies and crimes. In 1709, Emperor Kan Hui imposed an absolute monopoly on the collection of ginseng. Searches, production healing root were strictly scheduled. The collectors, who received special permission, went into the taiga under guard. Only at the edge of the forest was everyone assigned the place of search and the place of exit from the taiga. The necessary supply of food was provided for the strictly designated search time. The forests of China, where ginseng had been collected for thousands of years, were depleted, so from the middle of the 19th century the Ussuri region became the most productive place for extracting the root.
Natural ginseng roots weighing 100-200 g are very rare. In 1981, a ginseng root of unusual size was found in China. Its weight was 500 g, and the length of the shoot was 65 cm. This root had many branches and pearly growths, which make it especially valuable. An even rarer specimen was found in 1905 in Manchuria during the construction of a railway. The age of this plant was 200 years, and its root weighed 600 g. The root was sold in Shanghai for 5 thousand dollars, which was only half of its true value.
For the first time, ginseng came to Russia (it was brought by the Russian envoy to the court of the Chinese emperor, boyar N. G. Sapphiry) in 1675 from China.
Preparation.
IN medicinal purposes ginseng roots are used (of particular interest is the root, which in appearance resembles a human figure) (Radix Ginseng). When harvesting roots (in September), above-ground shoots are first cut off, then the roots are carefully dug up with a garden fork and shaken off the ground; in the process of subsequent sorting (into healthy, diseased, damaged and underdeveloped), the roots are thoroughly cleaned of soil. Commercial maturity of the roots of wild plants occurs after 25-30 years of ginseng life. In culture, roots are dug up at 5-8 years of age. Average weight 6-7 year old ginseng roots 40-60 g. The plant is listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR, therefore wild ginseng is harvested only under licenses. The dug up roots are kept over the steam of water heated to 80°C for an hour and dried in the shade for at least one to two months, until they become completely hard and light brown in color. These roots are called red. They can be stored for many years. The smell of the raw materials is weak, specific, the taste is bittersweet.
Medicinal properties.
The plant has a tonic, analgesic effect, stimulates the cerebral cortex, subcortical centers, tissue respiration, oxidative processes, increases performance, relieves fatigue, has adaptogenic and immunostimulating properties, promotes bile secretion, increases the amplitude of heart contractions, gas exchange in the lungs, regulates carbohydrate metabolism, promotes lowers blood sugar (the effect of ginsenin glycoside), increases the function of the endocrine system, normalizes blood pressure.
Application.
Roots. Tincture - for decreased performance, physical and mental fatigue, fatigue, neuroses, neurasthenia, insomnia, migraines, functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, diseases of the liver, kidneys, digestive tract, lungs, rheumatism, diabetes, impotence, exhaustion, after severe infectious diseases.
A biotechnological preparation has been created from cell culture that is not inferior to traditional ginseng preparations.
Ginseng is sold in pharmacies in the form of alcohol (10%) tinctures, dragees, and tablets. The tincture can also be prepared at home.
Folk recipes.
Ginseng tincture is a clear yellow liquid prepared in 70% ethyl alcohol (1:10). Take 15-25 drops 3 times a day before meals.
Powder (or tablets) take 0.15-0.30 g 3 times a day before meals.
Take the tincture and powder in courses of 30-40 days, after which they take a break.
Ginseng tincture: 40-50 g of root is poured with cold, sweet boiled water. After 3-4 hours, the water is drained, the root is cut into pieces, 500 ml of 40% alcohol is poured in and infused in dark place 3 weeks. Take 10 ml once a day 30 minutes before meals, without drinking anything. For 2 weeks, the tincture is added daily to the original volume. The course of treatment is 90 days with two breaks of 10 days. The course is repeated every other year.
To prepare tincture 10–15 g of crushed root, pour 0.5 liters of 40° vodka and leave for 2 weeks at room temperature. Take 1 dessert spoon 3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment lasts 3 months.
Ginseng has a clearly defined seasonality of action. Taking it in autumn and winter is most effective. At other times it is necessary to take it in smaller doses.
Contraindications and precautions.
It is not recommended to take ginseng preparations for hypertension, especially during the summer heat, acute infectious diseases and other acute pathologies. For many patients, the use of ginseng is contraindicated in spring and summer. When treating with ginseng, it is necessary to completely avoid drinking alcohol.
The use of ginseng in recommended doses is usually not accompanied by side effects, however, taking the drugs can cause some discomfort, nausea and vomiting, increased blood pressure, headache. Stopping the drug or reducing its dose leads to the disappearance of side effects.
Intoxication phenomena were observed in people after taking 200 ml of tincture or consuming a whole medium-sized root. Ginseng poisoning is characterized by the appearance of a rash on the body, dizziness, headache, and increased body temperature.
Treatment of children under two years of age with any herbal remedies poses a potential danger.
There are contraindications. Self-medication is contraindicated. Before using any prescription, consult your doctor for advice and permission to use.
