Eaves overhang of the roof of a private house. Roof eaves installation: design features and installation

The construction of a roof is a rather complex process. Roof installation must take into account many parameters, calculations and diagrams. But even after installing the roof construction works cannot be called finished - the turn of the cornice and overhangs comes.

Does a house really need cornices, what are these structures for, what types of overhangs exist - the answers to these questions are in this article.

What are roof overhangs

The cornice (or overhang) is a continuation of the roof, its overhang over the walls of the structure. This design protects top part walls of the house from getting wet, rain and snow. This approach helps better conservation heat inside dry walls, increases the service life of the materials from which the house is built, and prevents the development of fungus and mold on a damp surface.

Another function of the roof overhang is to protect the rafters and everything “ roofing pie" After all, without a cornice, the edge of the roof will be open, nothing will protect it from moisture, wind and cold. All this will lead to premature wear of materials (insulation, insulation, truss structure), getting the crown of the house and supporting structures wet.

Of course, wooden houses need protection from moisture most of all. That's why on wooden buildings make the longest overhangs, their length can reach 120 cm. On panel and brick houses Cornices from 40 to 60 cm are sufficient.

Important! The size of the overhang directly depends on the height of the base and walls of the house. There is such a pattern - the higher the house, the longer the eaves of its roof should be.

Well, the third function of overhangs can be called the aesthetic component. After all, houses with beautifully sheathed roof overhangs look finished. This architectural detail not only protects the home, but also makes it more beautiful.

Types of roofing cornices

People have been building houses for thousands of years. During this time, the buildings have undergone a lot of changes and additions. The installation of a cornice today is considered a mandatory component of the installation of any roof. But each owner can choose the type of overhang independently; by the way, the type of eaves largely depends on the type of roof:

Gable and hipped roofs of any size and design can be equipped with hemmed overhangs.
Unlined eaves are also suitable for pitched roofs.
If the roof of the house has only one slope, or, conversely, it is the roof of a complex broken structure, then the overhang is made in the form of a box, and it is called box-shaped.
The shortened cornice design is universal - suitable for roofs of any design and size.

Attention! The roof overhang is structurally a continuation of the roof itself. Therefore, it is necessary to select materials for the manufacture of overhangs taking into account the same parameters: climatic features region, the required layers of the “roofing cake”, the design of the entire house.

Installation of roof eaves

Depending on the shape of the roof eaves, there are several roof overhang devices:

Important! There are two ways to cover cornices: horizontal and vertical. A vertical box is constructed when the slope of the roof slope is small. In this case, the sheathing materials are attached to the rafter legs. Horizontal boxes are constructed between the ends of the rafters and the wall of the house. To do this, a beam or board is attached to the wall, and the sheathing is attached at one point to the rafters, and at another to the beam.

How to hem roof overhangs

In order for the house to look beautiful and the roof not to lose insulation and waterproofing, it is necessary to hem the eaves overhangs. The best materials for these purposes the following are considered:

When arranging the eaves, you must remember that it is the roof overhangs that bear the heaviest load from the snow masses. Sliding from the top of the roof, snow and ice often linger on the eaves, so the design of the overhang must be calculated to the smallest detail, and the materials selected are the strongest and highest quality.

The roof of the house protects the entire building from precipitation and gives it an aesthetically finished look. All that remains is to refine the gable overhangs and close the roof eaves. This painstaking process will be needed not only for creating beauty - it is also associated with ensuring ventilation of the under-roof space and wind protection.

Eaves are necessary to protect the walls from precipitation, so they protrude beyond the dimensions of the building, and the sheathing of the rafters and overhang is designed to make the roof's wind protection effective. It is necessary to understand how and with what materials to perform The final stage works

In this article

What is a cornice and what does it consist of?

Before you begin finishing work, you need to understand what a roof eaves are. In construction, this concept refers to a part of the roof structure that protrudes beyond the walls of the building and protects them from precipitation. The distance from the wall of the house to the lower edge of the slope is called the roof overhang, which according to standards should be at least 40 cm, and sometimes reaches 100 cm, depending on the architectural design.

This is necessary in order to prevent the walls of the house from getting wet from the effects of melt and rain water coming from the roof slopes. In addition, the closed eaves of your roof will serve as wind protection and ensure uninterrupted air circulation in the under-roof part of the structure.

The roof cornice consists of a number of elements, the presence of which is determined by the method of filing. Cornice overhangs can be frontal with single-pitched and gable roof and lateral. Front eaves are necessary not only to protect the upper part of the gable, but also to provide wind protection and aesthetic properties to the entire roof. They are formed by protruding parts of the sheathing, and the method of finishing them is different for each type of material used.

It is important to remember that all stiffeners and guide bars must have additional cross members due to the long spans.

Joints need to be closed decorative corners, giving additional strength.

As for the side overhangs, their design is more complex, and the finishing of the roof eaves consists of more operations and has a number of varieties.

Components

All types of side cornices contain the following components:

rafter overhang; in the case of a short rafter leg, it is lengthened with a fillet;
frontal board, attached to the end of the rafters vertically and is the basis for fastening auxiliary elements And finishing materials;
a metal apron, attached to the front board;
gutter with drip;
rigid overhang structure, located between the wall of the house and the frontal board of the cornice;
a break that is attached to the overhang structure;
sheathing material.

Types of overhang devices

To choose the material and method of finishing the roof eaves with your own hands, you need to know the types of overhangs, namely:

An overhang built at the same level as the walls, that is, flush. With this type of roofing, finishing the roof eaves involves attaching the front board flush with the walls. This makes it impossible to create complete protection of the walls from melt and rain water and is used in dry climates, and a drain with a drip is attached directly to the frontal board.
An open overhang, during installation of which gutters are attached to the roof rafters at the bottom or at the top with the obligatory installation of a drip line. This method provides good ventilation, but poor wind protection of the under-roof space.
Overhang closed type, which is the most preferable in terms of ventilation, wind protection and aesthetics appearance. Installation consists of attaching a vertical front board to the rafters and making a groove on the wall of the house, then finishing material is attached between these elements. The final joints are decorated with external rectangular corners.
Pediment overhang, used for gable roofs, and the length of the extension is determined by the owner based on expediency.

In addition to these basic types, there are many varieties of eaves designs, and their use depends on the complexity of the roof.

Materials for finishing the cornice

To finish the eaves of your roof with your own hands, you can choose different materials. Based on consistency with roofing material, then you need to finish it using the same coating. This will save money if you calculate the amount of material in advance, taking into account the finishing of the cornice, and also use scraps.

When for some reason this approach does not suit you, you can select the desired coating based on color, quality and price from a wide range of available finishes and components. In most cases, the following materials are used:

softwood lumber;
plastic or metal siding;
corrugated sheeting;
soffits.

Coniferous wood has a higher resin content and is therefore more durable. But wood material must be selected according to the degree of drying, and its thickness should be in the range of 15–22 mm .

To increase service life, it is important to treat the wood before installation. special composition, which prevents rotting, mold and insect attack.

When installing finishing strips transversely, it is necessary to secure the wall beam and screw the boards between the wall and the vertical front board. If longitudinal installation is required, then it is necessary to strengthen the cornice structure with additional strength elements to avoid sagging.

Siding is a more weather-resistant material and does not require additional processing. It is quite easy to select color scheme, and additional fastening devices allow you to finish the roof eaves yourself.

Corrugated sheeting has high corrosion resistance, but requires increased attention to increase the rigidity of the overhang structure. Corrugated sheeting can also be selected according to color and thickness.

Soffits have everything necessary for quick and efficient installation and are an environmentally friendly and popular type of cornice finishing. They come in copper, aluminum, galvanized and vinyl. If metal soffits have a relatively large weight, then plastic material much lighter and cheaper.
Soffits have perforated holes that provide good ventilation under-roof space and do not impair wind protection.

What tool will you need?

Before finishing, it is necessary to prepare reliable equipment and serviceable tools that will be needed when covering the cornice, namely:

roulette;
building level;
marking cord;
construction pencil or felt-tip pen;
drill and hammer drill;
screwdriver and screws;
electrical extension cord;
stairs;
tool for cutting material;
hammer;
fastening material;
overalls and gloves.

It is necessary to remember the safety rules when working at height and have proper electrical equipment.

Sequence of cladding of cornice overhangs

Work on finishing the cornices should begin by choosing a cladding method. Then the cornice is prepared for installation of the cladding, namely:

We align the ends of the rafters along the length, using a level so that the ends of the rafters are cut parallel to the walls.
We mount the front board vertically to the rafters and position its lower edge horizontally. We attach a finishing apron and a fastening element for horizontal strips to the board.
At this stage, you can secure the drip and drain brackets, setting them at the proper angle, ensuring unhindered water flow.
At the same level as the lower cut of the front board, a beam is pulled onto the wall of the house, onto which fasteners for horizontal planks are screwed.
From the wall of the house to the front board, jumpers are placed every 50 cm to strengthen the structure.
Finishing elements are attached to the mounted frame horizontal elements, which you have chosen. It is necessary to leave a temperature gap between the wall of the house and the front board in order to avoid deformation of the finishing elements of the cornice.
The joints should be covered with decorative corners to provide an aesthetic appearance, as well as to provide additional strength to the roof eaves structure.

It is very important to ensure reliable ventilation under the roof to avoid rotting, deformation or drying out of the material.

All finishing elements of the roof eaves must be mounted level, without distortions and strictly perpendicular to the wall of the building. It is recommended to carry out work at a temperature not lower than +10 °C.

Let's sum it up

We looked at the issues that may arise when finishing roof eaves with your own hands, found out what types of eaves there are and their design features. We acquired knowledge about the types of finishing materials that are used to cover overhangs. Dwelt in detail on important points and the sequence of installation of the cladding.

Each person, based on financial capabilities, availability of material and climatic conditions region, determines the method of finishing the roof. We hope we were able to help you with your choice. Using modern materials, you can not only install the eaves trim yourself, but also achieve a guaranteed long service life of the entire roof.

The eaves overhang is an element of the roof structure that protrudes beyond the boundaries of the walls of the building. It is designed to provide protection from various atmospheric precipitations country house or the dacha and the entire space adjacent to the foundation.

This material contains information on how installation is carried out, what length of the projection is optimal, what types of overhangs exist at the moment.

List of tools and materials that will be needed in order to install roofing eaves:

special template brackets made from profiles;
boards tarred or treated with an antiseptic;
decorative through carving;
boards;
decorative plaster;
metal carcass;
net;
profile board templates with double frame;
granite or marble chips, crushed glass, quartz sand, mica;
tongue and groove board or vinyl siding;
galvanized steel sheets;
drill;
sheet aluminum;
wood coniferous species.

General information about the design of roof overhangs

In houses made of wood, the installation of overhangs occurs by nailing or inserting special template brackets from profiles along the perimeter of all four facades, provided that there is no extension in the form of a courtyard on the northern facade.

Tarred or antiseptic-treated boards are attached to such brackets. The first board can be 3-5 cm wider than the others, because it is a replacement for the drip line. Here everything will depend on the width of the cornice strip.

In order to decorate the boards, you can use decorative through carvings.

There is an easier way to install overhangs. It consists of sheathing the ends of the beams with board. If the rafters do not protrude beyond the walls, you will need to increase their length by nailing pieces of boards to the ends of the beams.

It is also important to take into account that when creating various eaves architectural profiles on brick walls The thickness of the plaster sheet should be no more than 50 mm.

Taking into account this condition If necessary, you will need to apply the solution to one of the following surfaces:

plank structures;
metal frame, which should be covered with mesh;
masonry removals, which are specially equipped.

In order to make profiles for plaster overhangs, you will need to use profile board templates with double binding. The second fitting is used to stretch the profile along the ground, after which it is removed. Next, covering the clean profile is done using the first fitting.

If roof overhangs are being finished, which have significant cross section, instead of a skid, rollers should be used, which can facilitate the movement of a heavy template. In this case, it is necessary to carefully monitor compliance with the rules.

What you need to know when installing roof overhangs

The eaves of the roof can be decorated with wooden platbands.

The cornices that are located in the incoming corners are profiled using special templates.

It is worth knowing that in order to ensure that the profile board safely reaches the top of the corner, you will need to position it at an angle relative to the wall, which is 45 degrees.

Right triangle, along the bisector right angle on which a profile board is attached, which is made from a pair of boards with preliminary chamfering from them, and can be used as a slide for a template.

The base, which is made from metal profile, is fixed between the boards so that the chamfers face outward.

To decorate various overhang profiles, you should use decorative plaster, the filler for which can be granite or marble chips, crushed glass, quartz sand, mica, and so on.

Most often, 3 layers of plaster are applied:

The first layer, which is called the spray, is intended to adhere the plaster mark to the base. This layer is made using a solution of liquid consistency. Its thickness is selected from 5 to 9 mm, in accordance with the base material.
The second layer (primer) is made from a solution of spray consistency, which must be specified in advance. This solution should already set by this time. The layer thickness should be selected from 5 to 12 mm.
The third layer (front) is applied overlay. Its thickness should not exceed 2 mm.

After the plaster has been applied, you should begin stucco work, which includes profile rods directly for the overhang.

Existing main types of roof overhangs

Types of eaves (side) roof overhangs.

Today, there are two main types of roof eaves:

Frontal, which is intended to protect the facade of a house or cottage. It is performed in the form of protruding edges of the roof slopes beyond the boundaries of the pediment wall. They are installed at an angle.
Side. It is made in the form of roof overhangs located on the sides of the building.

The width of the roof overhang will directly depend on its location. For side overhangs, most often it may be sufficient to extend the structures 40-50 cm beyond the boundaries of the building walls, while for front overhangs this distance can be increased up to 1 m.

The arrangement of the front overhang of a standard gable roof must be done by extending the ridge board to a distance that must be determined in advance beyond the boundaries of the facade. Then, in the same way, the load-bearing roof crossbars, which are attached to the rafters, are released.

Next you need to install cornice boards by attaching it to the end sides of the roof ridge and load-bearing beams. Hemming the lower part of the front overhang of the cornice is optional, but quite often it is still performed in order to improve the appearance of the building.

To ensure the greatest reliability of the front overhang of the cornice, you will need to choose same values sections of rafter structures and horizontal beams.

In the process of manufacturing the side overhang of the cornice, it will be necessary to extend the roof beams beyond the outer plane of the wall to a distance determined by the width of the foundation blind area and the height of the building being built.

After the installation of the roof covering material has been carried out, it will be necessary to fasten the ends of the beams using plank strapping, which will serve as a cornice that hides the rough backing of the roof deck and its edge.

The overhang space that will remain open as a result will need to be hemmed special material using a groove that needs to be equipped at the bottom of the cornice board. Most often, tongue and groove boards or vinyl siding are used for hemming.

Such materials must be fixed to the house at an angle of 90 degrees.

Installation of eaves overhang ventilation

Regardless of what type of overhang and its dimensions are chosen, it will be necessary to install ventilation, especially if you plan to equip an attic in the attic.

Types of soffits for lining overhangs: with and without ventilation (perforation).

The total area of the ventilation holes should be in the range from 1/600 to 1/400 full area building for which ventilation is planned.

In the sheathing of the eaves overhang, you need to make gaps that will allow Fresh air in interior space. After this, the air is removed from there through special holes that are located in the roof ridge.

It is important to note that ventilation holes It will be necessary to cover it with a net to prevent small birds and insects from entering the room.

In order to sheathe cornices, a board of any length and width is most often used. Its thickness will necessarily have to be from 17 to 22 mm.

Boards that are short in length can only be secured at the ends. In this case, boards that are more than 6 m long must be secured at every meter of their length.

The most suitable material in order to create an overhang for a structure such as a hipped hip roof, wood of various coniferous species (spruce, pine, larch, and so on) is used. In order to make boards, you should use dry material that is not capable of causing linear deformation after drying, which can lead to the appearance of gaps that will spoil the appearance of the binder.

In addition to using boards, you can use galvanized steel sheets, the thickness of which is 0.6-0.8 millimeters. In addition, you can use various perforated sheet materials, when used, the wavelength cannot exceed 20 mm.

To work with such materials, you will need special skills and equipment, in addition, you will need to coat the processed fragments protective layer paints after adjustment.

Another material that can be used for lining overhangs is sheet aluminum coated with a protective layer of spraying. Its width must be selected based on the parameters of the eaves overhang. It is worth knowing that the most common thickness is 0.6 mm.

The length of the sheets should be a maximum of 6 m, because the sheathing will be fastened using special latches. As a result, sheets that are too long may begin to sag.

Today, many specialized stores offer a fairly wide range of decorative items, which are intended to improve the appearance of eaves overhangs.

The process of covering eaves overhangs

IN winter period Over time, a lot of snow often accumulates on the roof eaves. It is worth understanding that this can lead to the destruction of first the overhang itself, and then the walls and cornice.

In case there is minimal overhang roofs hip roof, poor-quality manufacturing or lack of eaves overhang can cause destruction of the masonry and the outer surface of the walls. This causes first the rotting of the upper logs of the log house crowns, and then the lower ones in wooden houses.

If the logs regularly get wet and dry, they will crack, the seams will unravel and the caulk will fall out.

In addition, the lining of the log house, which is covered oil paint, can deteriorate if there is no waterproofing or poor sealing of the joints of the cladding boards.

Due to these and many other reasons, for small roof overhangs (approximately 15 to 25 cm), you will need to think about making cornices that will allow:

Give the facade of the building a finished look and provide additional protection for the surfaces of the walls of a country house or cottage.
Securely seal the line that connects the top of the load-bearing wall and internal structure roof slope.

Absolutely any roof has eaves. Even flat, which is made from roll materials, must be equipped with a cornice. An exception may be roofs on which parapets are installed. Properly executed lining of the roof eaves can provide more long term her services.

The filing of the eaves overhangs is carried out after the installation of the rafter structure is completed, but before the installation of the roof sheathing takes place.

Before hemming the roof overhangs, you will need to insulate the outside walls of the building. This need is due to the fact that the entire wall must be insulated. If you do the hemming first, the upper part may remain uninsulated.

If the installation of the sheathing is done incorrectly, the overhang can lead to fungus in a few years.

No wonder people have said since ancient times that the main thing is reliable roof over your head. Professional roofing craftsmen also confirm that only a reliable, durable roof provides comfortable accommodation in the house. Moreover, the reliability and durability of this complex design, sometimes depends on seemingly very insignificant elements.

For example, the roof eaves, despite small size and percentage of the surface area of the slopes, this element performs important functions that affect the service life, insulating ability and strength of the roof. In this article we will talk about the design of the roof eaves of a house, methods of its formation and optimal dimensions.

Roof cornice – important element roofing structures, this term refers to the lower parts of the roof slopes, which are their continuation. Installation of cornices is carried out during arrangement rafter system

by increasing the length of the rafters or by installing fillies. On top, the cornice, like the entire area of the slope, is covered with roofing material, and from below it is sewn up using lumber, soffits, and siding. In the roof structure of a house, it performs the following functions:
Protects the walls of the house from moisture. The eaves overhang of the roof protects the upper part of the external walls from atmospheric moisture and dirt, maintaining their attractive appearance and integrity.
Prevents the flow of melt and rain water onto the foundation area. The structure of the roof eaves is such that it carries streams of water and blocks of snow sliding off the slope further from the foundation of the house, preventing erosion and destruction of the blind area.

Gives the roof a finished, neat look. Roof overhangs, being a continuation of the slope, give the structure a more proportional appearance, harmoniously completing the architectural design of the house. Note! Installation of cornices – mandatory stage roofing works , which is required by the roof construction technology, regardless of its type, shape and type waterproofing coating . Even have a small offset protruding beyond the outer walls of the structure.

Kinds

Many homeowners are interested in whether it is possible to design a roof cornice with their own hands, since visually its design seems extremely simple. Experienced craftsmen believe that this is a job that even a non-professional can do. The main thing is to understand the purpose and types of cornices. In design pitched roofs

The following 2 types of overhangs are distinguished:
Pedimental. The gable overhang is the part of the roof slope that protrudes beyond the outer walls of the house from the gable side. Typically, this type of cornice is short in length and is formed by the sheathing and fascia that gives it its shape. Cornice. The eaves overhang or cornice is the lower part of the slope, starting from the intersection of the roof plane with the outer load-bearing walls

. These cornices are usually much larger than gable cornices as they prevent splashes of water flowing from the slope from hitting the wall finish. Important! In essence, the cornice is an extension rafter legs

. Since the overhang is located at the bottom of the slope, it bears a minimal snow load. However, the installation of a gutter or snow guards changes the distribution of loads, so significant pressure may be exerted on it.

Formation methods Before you make a roof cornice, you need to understand the structure of this element of the roof structure, as well as the methods of its formation. The method of installing an overhang depends on the design and type of roof, and on the length of the slopes.

The most common technologies that can be used to form a roofing cornice are:
Lengthening rafter legs. The easiest way to form a roof overhang is to use rafters that are longer than the size of the slope. The more overhang you want, the longer the bars from which the rafters are made should be. The disadvantage of this method is that it increases the weight of the frame and, consequently, the load on the foundation. Extension of rafters using fillies. To form the roof cornice, you can extend the ends of the rafters using fillies - lighter and cheaper elements made of edged boards

smaller thickness. Thanks to the fillies, the frame has less weight, despite the large cornice. Professional craftsmen believe appropriate use fillies to form an overhang if the length of the slope exceeds lumber. Typically, the length of the boards from which the roof frame is made is 6 meters. If the roof slope is 6 meters or more long, the installation of the cornice is carried out using fillies.

Optimal size

It is often difficult for non-professional craftsmen to determine what size cornice should be made. This is really very important constructive solution, because if it is too small, then melting or rainwater from the slope will fall on the cladding of the external walls, on the foundation area, leading to destruction, as well as damage to the appearance of the structure.

When choosing the length of the cornice, the following factors are taken into account: Climatic conditions. Optimal size roofing cornice depends on the amount of precipitation falling in winter and summer period
. In snowier regions, roofs with wide eaves are traditionally used to protect the walls and foundation from snow. For example, alpine chalets located in the mountains usually have eaves overhangs at least 1 meter wide. Roof slope. The greater the angle of inclination roof slopes
, the smaller the cornice can be made. This is explained by the fact that with a flat roof shape, the trajectory of falling snow and water goes far from the outer walls of the house. If the slopes are steep enough, then it is better to make the cornices wider to protect the structure from splashes of water that can reach the wall during intense snowmelt or rainfall.

Proportions of the house. A wide cornice with a flat roof makes the building visually lower, squat, distorting the optimal proportions. A narrow overhang with a high, steep roof, on the contrary, elongates the silhouette of the house. Important! The minimum permissible width of cornices is 45-50 cm, but this is clearly not enough for regions with high snow loads. If necessary, the size of this structural element

increase to 1 m.

Material for filing Installation of overhangs is carried out at the final stage of work on assembling the rafter frame. When the sheathing is ready, the rafter legs are leveled, and then the frontal (wind) strip is fixed at their ends. To protect bottom surface

to prevent the penetration of moisture or bird colonization of the overhang, the cornice is hemmed. This task can be accomplished using various materials: Remember that ventilation of the under-roof space is important factor, affecting the service life of the rafter frame. That's why

experienced craftsmen

In order for the eaves overhang to not only perform its functions efficiently, but also to look aesthetically pleasing and neat, it must be properly hemmed. It's not enough to choose quality material

, you still need to decide on the method of filing, which depends on the slope and length of the slope. There are two methods:
Diagonal hem. This method consists of hemming the cornices using soffits so that they are parallel to the slopes. In this way, roofs with a large slope but a short slope length are hemmed. The diagonal method is considered more labor-intensive. Straight hem. This option differs in that the roof eaves are covered with soffits using a box located at right angles to external wall