Apple sucker. Apple psyllid (psyllid)

Short description life cycle copperheads:

This is a small (2.5 millimeters), jumping insect with 2 pairs of wings. The color of the copperhead is green-yellow, and closer to autumn it is red-carmine.

In late summer, females lay eggs at the base fruit buds. When the fruit buds open in the spring, larvae emerge into the light, penetrate inside the fruit buds and damage them.

Adult copperheads that emerge from the larvae leave apple trees and settle on herbaceous plants, where they live until autumn. Then they return to the apple trees again to lay eggs there.

The harm caused by the apple worm is enormous. By sucking cell sap, it secretes sweet, sticky excrement (hence the name), on which it settles a large number of sooty mushrooms. In this case, the leaves, buds and buds stick together, and the fruits turn out to be ugly in shape, and there is a loss of taste qualities and, as a result, the productivity of apple trees sharply decreases.

There is also a pear psyllid (psyllid). The measures to combat it are the same as for the apple tree.

Control measures using drugs:

Before trees bloom in the spring, you need to treat apple and pear trees with the insecticide “DECIS” (1 amp., 2 milliliters, per 10 liters of water). Approximately 4 - 5 liters of solution are spent on a large fruit-bearing tree; large sizes 2 liters of solution will be enough.

The second spraying should be carried out immediately after the trees bloom. To do this, you need to dissolve 10 grams (1 tablet) of the drug “ISKRA” in 10 liters of water and spray with the same solution consumption rate as during the first treatment.

You can also treat with ISKRA BIO by diluting 1 ampoule of the drug in 2 liters of water. The solution should be consumed at the rate of 2 liters per 1 tree.

Control measures using folk remedies:

The apple worm pest can be successfully controlled using folk remedies. To do this, use decoctions and infusions from various plants: chamomile, dandelion, yarrow, delphinium, tobacco dust.

Tomato tops: a decoction is used to combat codling moth, leaf-chewing caterpillars, mites and aphids.

The most popular are 2 types of tomato tops decoction:

You need to take 4 - 5 kilograms of tops or finely chopped stepsons and add 10 liters of water. Boil for 30 minutes over low heat, then cool and strain. Next, you need to add 30 grams of soap to the solution so that the solution sticks more strongly to the leaves. Spraying should be done in the evening.
You need to take 1 - 2 kilograms of dry tomato tops and add 10 liters of water. Leave for 4 - 5 hours, then boil over low heat for 2 - 3 hours, cool and strain. The result is a concentrate that needs to be diluted with water 2 times. Then also add 30 grams of soap per 10 liters of the resulting liquid and spray in the evening.

Euphorbia: used to combat leaf-chewing caterpillars.

To prepare the infusion, you need to take 1 kilogram of faded plants, chop them, then add 4 - 5 liters of water and boil over low heat for 2 - 3 hours. After this, strain the broth, add water to 10 liters and spray in the evening.

Common yarrow - very good remedy to combat leaf-eating and sucking pests. To prepare the decoction, you need to take 2.5 kilograms of finely chopped leaves, stems and flowers, pour 10 liters of water over them and boil for half an hour. Then cool, strain, add 20 grams of soap per 10 liters of broth. Before spraying, the broth should be shaken.

A mixture of garlic, shag and onion peel– an excellent folk remedy for controlling plant pests. It is used against sucking moths and to repel moths. You need to take 200 grams of tobacco waste, 200 grams of ground garlic heads, 150 grams of onion peels and pour this mixture with 10 liters of water, boil for 2 hours, cool, strain, add water to 10 liters, add 70 - 80 grams of soap and spray.

Potato tops are a fairly effective folk remedy against leaf-gnawing and sucking (mites, aphids) pests.

One kilogram of raw tops needs to be crushed, poured with 10 liters of warm water and left for 3-4 hours, then strained and added 30-50 grams of soap. Shake before spraying.
0.6 - 0.8 kilograms of dry crushed tops should be poured with 10 liters of warm water and left for 3 - 4 hours. Then do everything the same as with the infusion of raw tops.

Red hot pepper - helps well in the fight against leaf-eating caterpillars and sucking pests (aphids and copperheads), as well as slugs.

To prepare the infusion you need to take 0.5 kilograms of dry or 1 kilogram fresh fruits or 100 grams of prepared ground pepper. Pour 10 liters of water and boil in an enamel sealed container for one hour. Next, you need to let it sit for 48 hours, then strain and bottle it with tight-fitting caps. Store in a cool, unlit area. Before the buds open, for spraying you need to take 0.5 liters of concentrate per 10 liters of water and add 40 grams of soap for better adhesion of the infusion to the leaves. For spraying during the periods of green cone, bud release and after flowering, take 100 - 150 grams of concentrate per 10 liters of water and the same amount of soap.

Burdock (burdock) - perfectly repels codling moth butterflies and has bactericidal properties against its eggs. To prepare the infusion, you need to fill a bucket one third with chopped burdock stems and leaves, fill the bucket to the top with water and leave for three days. Then strain and use for spraying without diluting.

Wormwood - Used to combat leaf-eating caterpillars and codling moths.

You need to take 0.5 - 0.7 kilograms of dry or 4 - 5 kilograms of chopped raw wormwood, leave for 1 day in 10 liters of water, then boil for half an hour, strain, dilute with water one to one, add 30 - 40 grams of soap per 10 liters of solution and spray in the evening.

Onions - used against spider mite, aphids, codling moth and other pests. 200 - 300 grams of onions must be passed through a meat grinder, poured with 10 liters of warm water and left for 2 days. Before spraying, strain and add 30 grams of soap.

Tobacco or shag is a very good folk remedy for controlling fruit pests. berry crops. Use the infusion against sucking pests.

You need to take 1 kilogram of raw tobacco waste or 400 grams of dry raw materials, dust or other tobacco production waste and pour 10 liters hot water. You need to insist for 1 day. Strain, dilute with water 1:1, add 40 grams of soap per 10 liters of already diluted solution and spray.

Garlic is effective means to combat sucking butterflies and to repel numerous pests.

To prepare the infusion, you need to take 150 - 200 grams of garlic heads, pass them through a meat grinder, stir in 10 liters of water and spray immediately, since the prepared mixture cannot be stored.

Dandelion – Dandelion infusion is good for fighting aphids and mites.

400 grams of crushed leaves must be poured with 10 liters of water and left for 2 - 3 hours. Strain and spray.

Mustard - used against aphids, honeysuckers, and mites.

20 grams of mustard powder should be mixed in 2 liters of water and left for 2 days. Then you need to add water up to 10 liters and spray.

Hay – Spraying plants with an infusion of rotted hay is excellent. traditional method pest control. Used to combat powdery mildew fruit and berry bushes.

1 kilogram of rotted hay should be infused in 3 liters of water for 3 days. Then strain and dilute with water 3 times. You need to spray at the beginning of the infection period, and after a week, repeat spraying.

Apply folk remedies Pest control in the form of spraying is necessary in the evening, when the wind subsides and the heat subsides.

From the list you can choose what is currently available to you and at hand. I have given several options, choose what you like.

I wish you that the plants in your garden will always be healthy!

Protection of fruit and berry crops from diseases and pests Kolesova D. A.

Apple psyllid (psyllid)

Only damages the apple tree. Yellow-orange eggs overwinter on the bark of young shoots, often in transverse wrinkles and cracks in the bark on fruit branches. In early spring, at the beginning of the green cone, larvae emerge from the eggs. By sucking the juice from plant cells, they secrete a huge amount of sugary sticky excrement in the form of balls, which then spread into a liquid sticky mass, contaminating the leaves and buds. It is for the release of such honeydew that the pest got its name “sweetheart”. The larvae of the copperhead feed on the apple tree throughout the flowering period and only 1–2 weeks after its completion they fledge. An adult insect is capable of not only flying, but also jumping from leaf to leaf, like a flea, which is why it received its second name - “leaf flea.” Winged insects fly to various herbaceous plants. And only at the end of August - beginning of September they return to the apple trees and lay eggs, which overwinter.

Control measures. Attracting birds to the garden. If sparrows and tits are frequent guests in the garden, then the pest is not dangerous. In winter they feast on eggs, in early spring- larvae, and after the apple tree blossoms - winged.

The high number of winged birds also attracts swallows.

Among the drugs, Fitoverm and Fufanon are effective when used during the green cone phase.

From the book Pest Control author Ivanova Natalya Vladimirovna

Carrot psyllid Externally, the psyllid looks like a fly 1–1.5 cm long. It got its name due to the presence of jumping legs, like a flea. The body color is pale green, there is a pair of transparent wings. The length of the larva is no more than 1.5 mm. A characteristic feature

From the book Handbook of a Skilled Gardener author

Apple worm The adult insect has a pair of transparent wings. The body length is only 2–3 mm. The color may be greenish or brown. Larva orange-yellow color with red eyes. The pest reproduces well in northern regions Russia. Eggs overwinter

From the book Handbook of a Skilled Gardener author Ganichkin Alexander Vladimirovich

Apple moth Caterpillars apple moth yellowish-white color. You can see characteristic dark spots on the back. The caterpillars are only 1.5 cm long. The butterfly larvae are difficult to see with the naked eye, as they live under the skin of the leaves. The presence of this pest is determined

From the book Protection of fruit and berry crops from diseases and pests author Kolesova D. A.

Apple moth The adult is a butterfly with dark gray forewings. The wingspan is only 12 mm. A characteristic feature of caterpillars is the presence of shiny brown dots on the surface of the body. The color of the caterpillar is yellowish-green. Head good

From the book New Encyclopedia of the Gardener and Gardener [edition expanded and revised] author Ganichkin Alexander Vladimirovich

Apple codling moth An adult is a dark gray butterfly with a wingspan of up to 20 mm. Distributed in all regions of Russia. The caterpillars of this pest attack pome and stone fruits. For the winter, the caterpillars settle into a dense cocoon in upper layers

From the author's book

Green apple aphid Green apple aphid is a green insect that damages pome fruit crops. Eggs overwinter at the base of the buds and on annual shoots. The larvae hatch during the opening of fruit buds, the larvae penetrate the buds and feed

From the author's book

Apple psyllid (psyllid) Apple psyllid, or psyllid, is a jumping insect, small (2.5 mm), with two pairs of wings, yellowish-green, and by autumn it acquires a carmine-red color. Females lay eggs in late summer at the base of fruit buds, twigs, and eggs

From the author's book

Pear copperhead or pear psyllid Control measures Treatment with insecticides in the spring before flowering of apple and pear trees with the drug “Iskra-M from caterpillars”. Take 1 ampoule (5 ml), dilute it in 5 liters of water, spending 2-3 liters of solution on a large fruit-bearing tree, and on a small tree -

From the author's book

Apple codling moth Apple codling moth is the most dangerous and widespread pest. Damages apple, pear, and quince trees. The butterfly's flight begins at the end of flowering and during the formation of ovaries (about 50 days). During these periods, the butterfly lays eggs. After 10–12 days from

Pest type: Pest fruit crops

Row: Homoptera - Homoptera

Family: psyllids - Psyllidae

The most numerous in Polesie and in northwestern regions Russia. Damages the apple tree.

The adult is 2.5-3 mm in size, immediately after fledging green-blue, later straw-yellow; by autumn the female becomes black; hind legs are jumping; the antennae are thread-like, ending in two bristles, two pairs of transparent wings, which in a calm state are folded in the form of a roof.

The egg is 0.3-0.4 mm in size, oval in shape, orange-yellow, with a stalk at a blunt end. The larva is inactive, flat, dark orange in the first instar, later light yellow or light brown in color with bright eyes. The nymph is 1.5-1.8 mm long, light with a slight blue tint, the body is slightly convex.

Fertilized eggs overwinter on shoots. In the spring, the revived larvae feed openly for 3-4 days, then, as the buds open, they penetrate inside and suck out the juice from the young, not yet unfolded leaves. Later they stick to the peduncle and leaf petioles. The revival of the larval population lasts 12-15 days and ends in the phase of bud separation. Larvae develop in 29-38 days. Before fledging, the nymphs move to the underside of the leaves and molt once. After fledging (8-13 days after flowering of the apple tree late ripening varieties) scatter and feed on the flowers of herbaceous vegetation until autumn. In the fall, in August - September, they return to the apple tree and after mating, the females lay eggs, plunging their process into the bark tissue at the base of the fruit buds and cracks in the branches.

Fertility - 400-500 eggs. Develops in one generation. Due to the sucking of juices and under the influence of salivary enzymes, the leaves are underdeveloped, its surface area is 7-10 times less than normal. A significant amount of discharge of sticky, sugary excrement, which spreads into a sticky mass, sticks together the internal parts of the buds, and clogs the stomata of the leaves; buds, flowers and ovaries fall off. Saprophytic fungi develop on contaminated surfaces. In case of significant damage, fruit buds are poorly formed for next year's harvest. On weakened trees, shoots freeze in winter. Optimal conditions for the development and mass reproduction of the apple worm - moderate temperature and elevated relative humidity air in spring. During late spring frosts, significant mortality of larvae is observed.

The apple tree is also damaged by the apple psyllid, which overwinters in the adult stage and develops in one generation. Honeyfish are destroyed by sunfishes, goldeneyes, syrphid flies, ground beetles, predatory bugs, spiders, and ticks.

Apple sucker - stages of development

A sucking insect of the psyllid family. Small (2.6-3.0 mm), jumping, with conical shape belly Color is bright green or yellow with a brown tint, depending on the season. Two pairs of transparent, well-developed wings are slightly longer than the body. The head is triangular, flat. Two dark eyes and three smaller visual organs (ocelli). Wingless flat larvae orange color. Their legs are short. The clutch of yellow-orange eggs looks contrasting on the foliage and shoots. Under the bark, in cracks, at the base of the buds, the female lays eggs in winter.

An increase in temperature leads to active sap flow in trees and accelerates the emergence of larvae from eggs. They are the most dangerous for the tree. The buds, filled with moisture, are attracted as food. As the buds bloom, the apple tree worm attacks them, as well as the flowers, sucking out the cell sap. It produces a sugary sticky liquid that envelops the vegetative parts with a waxy coating. The sticky adhesive composition is the excrement of the larvae. It sticks together the internal parts of leaves and buds, causes their blockage, threatens to inhibit the growth and development of apple trees, and dry out flowers. This characteristic feature the presence of the genus of honey psyllids on the tree, a prerequisite for the appearance of sooty (pathogenic) fungi. They cover the fruits with a black shell.

Signs of a garden infestation

Dead leaves, fallen buds.
Poor development of buds and ovaries.
Change in leaf shape and texture.
Deformation of fruits, black coating.
Change (for the worse) in taste.
Diseases, weakening of trees.
Sticky leaves, shoots, buds.

How to deal with psyllid?

Unfortunately, one hard work and passion for growing garden crops not enough to get a rich harvest. Need correct protection from diseases and pests. Great importance has affected plants detected in time. To do this, early in the spring, during the budding period, apple trees are carefully inspected. An unopened bud is the first sign of psyllid damage.

Apple honeydew - photo of an adult

Give plants strength to withstand various pests, diseases can be caused by timely autumn tillage of the soil. Application mineral fertilizers increases protective forces apple trees It is difficult to remove the copperhead mechanically, given its fertility: up to half a thousand eggs per season. Plant protection products against insects help not only preserve the harvest, but also increase it.

Attention! The fight against psyllids begins with a well-thought-out garden location in soils with normal water balance. Planted trees should be at a sufficient distance from wild trees fruit trees and forest “brothers”.

Among the popular drugs are:

Pyrethroids. The substance is naturally found in chamomile. Synthetic pyrethrins are created on its basis. They differ in their selective action. The most famous are Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerate.
Neonicotinoids: Mospilan, Calypso, Clothianidin.
Organophosphorus compounds (OP). Diazinon, Fozalon, Fenitrothion, Dimethoate.
Bacterial preparations: Nemabact, Antonem-F.

Alternative methods of control

The apple honeydew is not so invulnerable if you study the nature of its behavior, nutrition, and reproduction.

The larvae are destroyed during the period between the swelling of the buds and the flowering of the apple tree with infusions of yarrow, ash, tobacco, hot pepper, shag, dandelion, delphinium, and chamomile.
Pods of bitter red pepper (1 kg fresh or half a kilo dry) are filled with water (10 l), covered with a lid. The composition is boiled for an hour, infused for 2 days, filtered, poured into containers, sealed, placed in dark place. Half a liter of concentrated mixture is brought to 10 liters with water. With the added 40 g of soap it mixes well. Ready to spray the crown and stems.
Yarrow is good because it acts on all sucking and leaf-eating pests. You need to collect 2.5 kg of fresh raw materials (flowers, leaves, stems) and chop them. Pour 10 liters of water. Boil for 0.5 hours. Strain the cooled broth. Add 20 g laundry soap. Spray the apple trees after thoroughly shaking the solution.
A destructive “assortment” of onion peels, garlic cloves and shag dust is prepared like this. Pour 200 g of husk with water and leave for 12 hours. Grind garlic (200 g). Pour the husks and garlic into 10 liters of water, adding another 200 g of shag. Boil the mixture for 2 hours, then cool and strain. Add the remaining broth with water to the initial volume (10 l). Grate 100 g of soap and stir. Spray the trees.
Potato tops freshly picked from the garden are crushed and filled with a bucket of warm water. Leave for 4-6 hours. Soap (50 g) is added to the strained composition.
Always at hand on the farm mustard powder. It is enough to take 20 g and dilute it in 2 liters of water. Irrigate the trees with the infused preparation for two days.
The infusion can be prepared from 1 kg of dry potato raw materials. The raw tops are also crushed and filled with water, as in the previous recipe.
Good effect from the rich composition of tobacco (shag). 1 kg of raw waste (400 g of dry leaves, dust) is poured hot water(10 l). After standing for 24 hours, strained, diluted in equal shares with water (up to a volume of 10 l), the composition is mixed with 50 g of soap. Can be sprayed.
Flying psyllids that have chosen a tree to lay eggs are fumigated with tobacco smoke. For these purposes, you can set fire to a slightly damp rag. Or the trees are lined with small islands of straw. 2 kg of tobacco dust and other waste are distributed on top of each of them. The emerging adult insects are smoked out with a smoky veil within 1.5-2 hours. The effectiveness of the method will be evidenced by dead copperheads falling to the ground.
You can also simply use a concentrated soap solution.

Attention! Treatment liquid formulations It is carried out in the evening in calm, cool weather.

If trees with a strong population of pests have been noted since the fall, and disinfection has not been carried out for some reason, then in early spring, while the buds are still “sleeping,” the trees are thoroughly sprayed with Fufanon or Fas. After spraying, it is better to dig up the root zone under the apple tree. This will prevent any surviving pests from climbing the tree again.

Processing must be carried out comprehensively. If your neighbors' apple trees are affected by honey beetles and there is no fight against them, the “cunning” pests on the other side of the fence will wait for the drugs to wear off and fly to your trees.

An aggressive pest of fruit crops, known as copperhead, or Psyllidae, is found in Polesie, steppe and forest-steppe zones.

The most numerous of these small insects V northwestern regions Russia.

Affects apple trees and pear trees. Gardeners call these pests psyllids.

Description of the insect

Larva

The dimensions of the larva (nymph) are from 0.3 to 1.8 millimeters. She leads a sedentary lifestyle. The body is flat in shape, colored light yellow, and then Brown color. Five instars pass before reaching full maturity.

The larvae that emerge from the eggs crawl into the young buds of trees. When insects eat leaves, they secrete a special sticky liquid. The branches, leaves, and then the fruits of the trees are covered with characteristic honeydew. Grown-up nymphs crawl onto the branches.

The duration of maturation depends entirely on temperature environment and can be 15–60 days. Optimal temperature+27, and the minimum is +10 degrees. Development also depends on the trees themselves. How younger tree, the faster the nymphs grow. On old, hardened branches, feeding of the larvae is difficult - they develop at a slow pace.

Adult

A grown insect reaches an average of 3 millimeters.

Summer generation pear suckers brightly colored in orange and reddish shades. The winter one looks more modest - the main color is dark brown.

Apple honey damsels have adults in summer green flowers with a bluish tint; in autumn the body of the insect becomes yellowish.

The hind pair of legs are hopping, like those of real fleas. The head antennae are thin and long. The wings are large and transparent, covering the body from both sides and from above.

The flight of insects that hatch from eggs in the spring begins in mid-May. After just two weeks, mating occurs, and after another five days, eggs are laid. Overwintered insects fly from the beginning of March and lay eggs at a temperature of +10 degrees.

The female lays a clutch containing from 20 to 92 eggs. The average lifespan of females is one month. During this period, they lay up to 600 eggs in the spring and up to 1200 eggs in the summer.

The eggs are small, up to 0.3 millimeters long, whitish. When ripe, the color changes to light orange. Spring clutches of 20 eggs are located at the base of the buds, summer clutches of 90 eggs are located on the stalks or back side leaves. If a branch or leaf dries out, the eggs also die.

Depending on the species, insects can lay eggs for the winter or overwinter as adults. With the onset of autumn cold weather, some lay eggs in crevices in the bark at the base of the branches and die. Others climb under fallen leaves for the winter. Insects wake up in early spring. At +5 degrees, mating and egg laying begins. Autumn clutches develop a little later, with the swelling of buds on the trees.

Main varieties

Psylla mali

They feed on apple trees. They overwinter in fertilized eggs, from which they emerge when the weather warms and the buds swell. Adults fly away after apple trees bloom and feed on nectar herbaceous plants. And in August or September they return to the apple trees again, where they mate and lay eggs for the winter, plunging their shoots into the bark at the base of the fruit buds. One generation of pests develops per year. Maturation from egg to adult insect occurs in an average of 48 days. The population increases with moderate spring temperatures and rainy weather.

Psylla pyri

They eat pear trees. Wake up occur at the end of February, when the daytime temperature does not drop below -2 degrees.

The first generation eggs are laid in early spring. In the southern regions, up to five generations of pests mature per year.

In dry and hot weather, the population increases sharply. Maturation from egg to adult lasts on average 25 days.

Nutrition and harm to fruit crops

Pests are sucking insects. Having left the eggs, they crawl along the branch for some time and, having pierced the bark with their proboscis, drink the juice. Then, having drilled through the swollen bud, they feed on young leaves. After blooming, the leaves are attached to the cuttings or stalks.

Affected trees become sick. The foliage falls off and turns yellow prematurely, and the ovary is lost. The leaves look underdeveloped - their area decreases. On branches covered with sweet secretions of flea beetles, colonies of fungi develop. In winter, damaged branches freeze slightly, and in summer, at the height of the heat, they dry out. Fruits on such trees irregular shape, partially stiff.

The barn weevil does not disdain anything - it likes any grain. You can find out how to get rid of this pest by following the link.

Pest control

Gardeners try to prevent the garden from becoming infected with honey beetles or reduce their numbers through prevention:

The soil under the trees is dug up in the fall as late as possible.
Tree trunks and branches are freed from moss, lichen growths and old bark. The collected material is burned along with the fallen leaves.
The crown is cleared of withered and diseased branches.

If preventive measures do not help and the number of pests still increases in the spring, the use of special chemicals is required.

To destroy eggs in spring period Nitrofen works well. Before the leaves bloom, it does not penetrate into the sap of the trees. 200 grams of the drug must be dissolved in 10 liters of water. The solution is sprayed on apple and pear trees. You can also treat the soil underneath them, increasing the concentration to 300 grams per bucket. This pesticide treatment will kill many weeds.

The concentrated drug is dangerous for pregnant women.

Acceptable use water solution soap (40 grams) and kerosene (80 grams). These ingredients dissolve in a bucket warm water. All young trees are treated with the resulting emulsion. The method is welcomed by gardeners as absolutely safe for humans and significantly slows down the proliferation of pests.

In case of severe tree infestation, systemic application helps. Spraying is carried out after the foliage blooms and copperheads appear on the shoots (take 20 grams of chlorophos per bucket of water). It is better to cultivate the garden after rain, when the honeydew is washed off the nymphs and they become more vulnerable. All summer, spraying is carried out as needed (in different ways).

Prevention in August chemicals required! The insecticide will reduce the number of insects going to winter.