Every day, with every mastered cycle, the house built according to the project with FORUMHOUSE is closer to becoming a dream come true for one of the families of our craftsmen. You can follow each stage of the work, and at the moment the insulation of the enclosing structures is already underway mineral wool. This article will cover all aspects of the process, not only using the example of our home, but also the technology itself as a whole. Professionals reveal their secrets in a master class format for everyone:
- What determines the need for wall insulation?
- What determines the choice of insulation?
- Technology of insulation of enclosing structures stone wool.
Why is insulation necessary?
Aerated concrete has a porous structure, due to which it is characterized by reduced thermal conductivity - for a dry structural block this coefficient varies between 0.096-0.14 W/(m °C), depending on the density. However, in masonry, even with a minimum thickness of the glued joint, the thermal conductivity of aerated concrete increases.
This occurs due to an increase in humidity, and due to armored belts and jumpers, and due to a variety of metal fasteners.
If, in accordance with SNiP, we use the method of temperature fields, then, taking into account the derived coefficient (0.7), the thermal resistance of the wall standard thickness will be less than what is specified in the standards.
We get: 3.65·0.7=2.55 m²·°C/W, against the required 3.13 m²·°C/W (for Moscow and the region). That is, in a house made of aerated concrete blocks 375 mm thick, there are no walls additional insulation will actively release heat, which will lead to an increase in heating costs. Therefore, in order to get an energy-efficient aerated concrete house, which in conditions constant growth energy tariffs are one of the main tasks for private owners, it will be necessary to create a thermal circuit around the entire perimeter, and not just protective and decorative finishing. External insulation of facades is considered the most effective.
Polina Nosova Leading technical specialist at TechnoNIKOL
External insulation is preferable due to several factors:
- preserving the usable area of the house;
- protection of walls from temperature fluctuations;
- increase in service life load-bearing structures due to the shift of the dew point (the area of probable condensation) into the thermal circuit.
Why is it preferable for aerated concrete blocks?
Modern market thermal insulation materials I am pleased with the abundance of offers for any design and budget, another thing is that not every insulation will be effective when applied to an aerated concrete base. The main principle of creating multi-layer enclosing structures is to increase the vapor permeability of each subsequent layer, starting from the inside. Despite the fact that disputes over the “breathing” of walls do not subside, steam is one of the products of our vital activity, and a certain part of it is discharged through the walls. For insulation of aerated concrete, characterized by high vapor permeability, materials with even greater “ throughput", and mineral wool meets this criterion.
Two types are most in demand facade systems– “wet” facade with thin-layer finishing plaster and a hinged ventilated facade. In the first case, steam will be discharged from the walls into the insulation, and from it through a few millimeters of the reinforcing and plaster layer. In the second, the steam will be drawn out through a ventilation gap of several centimeters between the insulation and the facing screen.
Plasters are used for plastering increased strength, and in the ventilated facade - light slabs with low compressibility.
But if thin-layer plasters can be applied to other substrates, then in ventilated facade systems, fire safety standards allow the use of exclusively non-flammable heat insulators, and the NG group is only for mineral wool.
Polina Nosova
The fire safety of a home can be increased by using non-flammable thermal insulation - the melting point of stone fiber is more than 1000⁰C. In the event of a fire in a private house, such intensity is reached a couple of hours after the fire, this time is enough to save both household members and valuable property. It is important that even melting is not accompanied by the release of toxic gases and increased smoke formation.
Technology of insulation of enclosing structures with stone wool
The ventilated facade system with siding cladding is one of the most popular among private owners, as it allows you to level out all base errors, and is also available in terms of independent execution. If over time, under the influence of heaving forces or for other reasons, cracks form in the masonry, the hinged facing screen will not be damaged. And given the fragility of aerated concrete and its requirement for strict adherence to technology, many self-builders prefer cladding as it is more durable finishing layer. Insulation aerated concrete walls stone wool for finishing with siding or other facing material is carried out in several stages.
Preparation
When insulating during the reconstruction of an already in use building, all functional and decorative elements are removed from the walls, the surface is cleaned of dirt, and, if necessary, primed. If there is any doubt about bearing capacity, the base is checked by tapping with a hammer. Severe unevenness must be removed (protrusions) or repaired (depressions). When insulating during the construction process, the remaining mortar is removed from the walls. If there was heavy rainfall before work, you need to let the box dry.
Marking
Before installing the sheathing, markings are applied to the wall using a level or level, along which the frame elements will be attached. Distance between vertical beam lathing depends on the dimensions of the insulation.
Polina Nosova
In order for the slab to stand flat, without the formation of cracks and without deformation, and to fit snugly against the wall, the vertical axes are marked at a distance of 10-20 mm less than the width of the insulation (length, at horizontal laying). If the width is 600 mm, the clearance distance (between the inner edges of the beam) should be 580 or 590 mm.
Installation of vertical racks
Since the complete absence of heat leakage through cold bridges is guaranteed only by two-layer insulation with overlapping joints, first a vertical sheathing is assembled on the wall according to the markings. The thickness of the beam should correspond to the thickness of the slab, usually it is a 50x50 mm beam. The racks are fixed to aerated concrete using special fasteners, since ordinary dowel-nails or self-tapping screws used on other bases are not suitable for lightweight cellular concrete.
Laying slabs in a vertical frame
The thickness of the layers is selected based on thermotechnical calculation, for most regions a total thermal insulation thickness of 100-150 mm is sufficient. The absence of shrinkage and high elasticity of the slabs make it possible to simplify the technology and install mineral wool without additional fixation, laying it between the beams. If necessary, the slabs are trimmed with a knife or hand saw with fine teeth. If, when assembling the sheathing, it was not possible to maintain the required distance, large gaps can be filled with a piece of slab.
Installation of horizontal racks
After laying the first layer, markings are applied under the horizontal frame, also using a level or level.
The distance between the posts also depends on the dimensions of the slab minus the compaction; the dimensions of the beam are selected to match the thickness of the slab.
The location of the second row of timber is made horizontal due to the fact that the further frame is under facing material will be attached to it in a vertical position with a pitch of 400 mm under the siding.
Laying slabs in a horizontal frame
Thermal insulation slabs are laid sideways, with offset seams, which allows you to completely get rid of cold bridges, even taking into account the use of metal fasteners when installing vertical racks.
Protective layer
To protect the insulation from atmospheric influences and the unhindered removal of condensate, a vapor-permeable, moisture- and wind-proof membrane is laid on top of the thermal circuit.
Despite the prevailing opinion that the feasibility of insulation is questionable, since the costs will significantly exceed possible energy savings even in the long term, heat calculations and practice prove the opposite. An aerated concrete house insulated with stone wool is not only comfortable, but also economical living.
Insulating the walls of a house is a very important issue that should be given special attention when designing and building a private home.
It doesn't matter what building materials you use to build your house, Experts recommend insulating not only the roof and floor of the building, but also the walls.
This is necessary for thermal insulation, as well as to avoid the formation of fungus on the walls and for better preservation of building materials.
In order to solve the problem associated with insulating the walls of residential and industrial buildings and structures, there is a market a large number of various materials which are best suited for this purpose.
By insulating the room, you will thereby improve its sound insulation, which is a lot important point in construction.
Why is so much attention paid to the issue of insulating the walls of a house? The answer is obvious. Through not insulated walls About 30% of the heat comes out. With existing modern prices for energy resources, this is a rather impressive figure. Why heat the street? You need to learn to count your money and spend it rationally.
The following materials are suitable for insulation:
Insulation of aerated concrete walls can be done both from the inside and from the outside. outside building.
Which method you use will depend on the following factors:
- specificity of the structure;
- goals pursued by the property owner;
- financial capabilities of the homeowner.
- Enough high level protection from the cold.
- The “useful” area inside the room is preserved.
- You can spend significantly less money on heating your home during the cold season.
- The walls will be reliably protected from temperature changes.
- For external insulation there are walls on the market big choice materials.
This type of wall insulation has no disadvantages.
Differences in insulation methods
Advantages and disadvantages thermal insulation of walls:
- In order to carry out this set of measures, the home owner will require much more financial and labor costs.
- The walls of a house are insulated from the inside only if, for some reason, it is not possible to carry out external insulation.
- Usually, this method used only for thermal insulation of rooms that are not heated at full capacity.
All construction experts unanimously agree that It is best to insulate the walls of buildings and structures from the outside.
Why is it better to insulate walls from the outside?
If you decide to build a house from cellular concrete, then insulate 
The walls need to be from the outside.
This will prevent the material from freezing, and condensation will not form on the walls inside the house.
What other advantages are there of thermal insulation made on the outside of the building?
- The exterior of the building's façade will have a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.
- The heat in the rooms will be retained much more efficiently.
- The walls will be protected from the destructive effects of precipitation.
- Cellular concrete absorbs moisture well, and this greatly complicates the work on finishing the facade.
Walls made of aerated concrete need not be insulated only in one case - if the house is being built in a warm region.
Main types of insulation and their brief description
Materials that are most often used for this purpose:
- Styrofoam. It is easy to work with, it is easy to cut and install, small errors that arise while working with polystyrene foam can be easily eliminated using construction foam. No special equipment is required to work with this material.
- Penoplex. Has good vapor barrier properties. Extruded polystyrene foam is much thinner than polystyrene foam and is not flammable. Its main disadvantage is its high cost.
- Polyurethane foam. This material has many positive characteristics. The main quality for which it is valued is ease of installation.
- Mineral wool. Basic positive characteristics thermal insulation material: fire resistance, environmental Safety and long service life.
Types of insulation
What insulation is best for walls made of cellular concrete?
Undoubtedly optimal material for thermal insulation of the vertical part of a building made of gas silicate blocks, considered basalt (stone) wool.
But, if you are experiencing some financial difficulties, then you can use polystyrene foam for this purpose.
It is much cheaper than mineral wool, but its thermal insulation qualities are almost as good. Unfortunately, this material is vapor-tight and will contribute to the accumulation of vapors in aerated concrete blocks.
What does the “pie” of insulating a wall made of aerated concrete blocks consist of?
We will give an example of a “pie” where mineral wool is used as insulation:
- Bearing wall
- Glue solution
- Insulation - mineral wool
- Layer of adhesive solution
- Reinforcing fiberglass mesh
- A layer of decorative plaster.
Pie wall
Do you need waterproofing and vapor barrier for aerated concrete façade?
Aerated concrete blocks are endowed with such qualities as good vapor permeability and excellent thermal insulation.
At the same time, this building material has one negative characteristic - it strongly absorbs moisture.
It is for this reason that it is imperative to carry out work on hydro- and vapor barrier of the blocks.
wall pie
Sealing cracks and installing sheathing
Before you begin the process of thermal insulation of walls built from aerated concrete blocks, you need to carefully inspect the joints for the presence of cracks and small depressions in them.
If there are significant voids at the joints, they need to be filled polyurethane foam.
- The remaining foam will need to be cut off with a knife.. All other seams should be processed special composition– masonry glue. This way, you will protect your aerated concrete walls from excess moisture to the maximum.
- You can also use regular mortar to treat walls.. After the surface has dried, it must be thoroughly cleaned with a spatula or sandpaper (it must be perfectly flat).
- If the building is old, you may have to restore the walls (this must be done in order to get rid of cracks).
- After the above work, experts recommend covering everything with a layer of primer., to which an antifungal substance will be added. This will protect the material from moisture and microorganisms.
If you decide to finish your house with ceramic granite tiles or siding, then in this case you will have to install the sheathing.
NOTE!
If you plan to install siding on wood sheathing, you must first install the vertical sheathing. Please note the following important point: the thickness of the bars should correspond to the thickness of the mineral wool.
The thermal insulation material itself must be inserted between these slats. Then the insulation must be covered with a vapor-permeable film or durable cellophane.
Step-by-step instructions for thermal insulation of walls with mineral wool
Mineral wool is a material with a cellular structure that has high thermal insulation characteristics. Mineral wool, which is produced in rolls, tends to sag over time, and Products produced in the form of mats are considered more durable.
The mats are able to maintain their dimensions and heat-saving properties throughout the entire period of operation. For this reason, the facades and walls of buildings are most often insulated with this particular heat-insulating material.
Sequence of work:
- If moisture gets on them during the laying of walls made of gas silicate blocks, then before starting work on thermal insulation, they need to be given time ( at least 1-3 months) dry well. If you “lock in” the moisture that has entered the thickness of the material, this will contribute to the freezing of the walls and the destruction of the blocks.
- Next, you need to carefully inspect all the external seams. Mortar seams need to be resealed. Polyurethane foam is best suited for this purpose.
- Polyurethane foam must also be used to fill all cracks and voids on the surface of the cellular concrete.
- To maintain good adhesive properties of the adhesive composition, the surface of the blocks must be sanded with sandpaper.
Insulation under facing bricks
Fastening with dowels
Do not forget to check the availability of communication channels before starting work.
Method of insulating aerated concrete walls with mineral wool can be carried out using special adhesive compounds, and you can also use the dry thermal insulation method.
We in detail Let's look at the second method:
- Brackets need to be attached to the wall, on which guides will subsequently be installed.
- Next, using plastic dowels, you need to mount mineral wool slabs. The slabs should be installed sideways; the formation of cracks and voids between the sheets of material should be avoided, as this can lead to the formation of “cold bridges”.
- On top of the thermal insulation layer you need to lay windproof, vapor-permeable film. The film is laid overlapping in increments of 10-15 cm, the seams are sealed with mounting tape.
- To ensure ventilation, it is necessary to provide an air gap between the thermal insulation material and the cladding through installation.
- The final stage– covering the walls with siding.
Thermal insulation with penoplex
Useful video
Video instructions for insulating aerated concrete walls:
Let's sum it up
If the insulation of external walls is carried out according to all the rules, you will be able to minimize heating costs.
With high-quality insulation of aerated concrete blocks, the durability of the entire structure increases.
The following factor is important: work must be carried out with knowledge technological process and use high quality materials for this purpose.
In contact with
Aerated concrete blocks have high thermal insulation properties.
Aerated concrete is a type of cellular foam block, which contains cement, sand, various industrial wastes (ash and slag) and a foaming agent (aluminum pastes and powder). All reagents are mixed with water and placed in a special form. There, aluminum reacts with water, resulting in the formation of hydrogen, which is evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the material.
You can often hear from manufacturers of modern building materials that aerated concrete blocks, due to their porous structure, have high thermal insulation properties. That is why buildings made on the basis of this construction material, do not require any heat-accumulating layers. However, those who have encountered this product in practice claim that insulating a house made of aerated concrete inside and out is simply necessary.
Features of aerated concrete as a building material
Aerated concrete blocks consist of environmentally friendly pure materials.
Aerated concrete consists of environmentally friendly materials, therefore there is no harmful effects It has no effect on the human body. It is easy to install and affordable price. However, this material is characterized by a number of disadvantages, which must also be taken into account not only when building a house, but also when insulating it.
Characteristics of aerated concrete:
- This material is not durable and resistant to mechanical loads; buildings with a height of more than three floors cannot be built from it. Otherwise, the building frame is reinforced with iron belts. They are sources of cold bridges that worsen thermal insulation properties building. In this case it is necessary;
- porosity not only reduces the thermal conductivity of the walls, but also increases their water absorption. So, aerated concrete, being for a long time without proper protection, that is, if rain and snow freely fall on it, it can absorb up to 35% of moisture from the total volume of the material. Therefore, when insulating walls from this building material, the presence of a waterproofing layer is mandatory. It is also necessary maximum protection house facade various plasters and coating materials for the same reason;
- When insulating walls made of aerated concrete, the use of various dowels and screws is not acceptable. Only special chemical anchors. The slightest chips and cracks in the masonry of aerated blocks can lead to the destruction of the entire structure;
- This product has a flat and smooth surface, so it is very easy to lay it in a beautiful and durable masonry. But this requires a highly qualified master. After all, only a layer of special glue for gas blocks, 3 mm thick, does not form cold bridges. Otherwise, the walls will freeze. For this reason, or its walls from the inside is simply necessary.
When can you insulate an aerated concrete wall on the outside of a building?
Experts do not recommend insulating new buildings made from aerated blocks.
Inexperienced builders and repairmen immediately after erecting a building from aerated blocks try to protect it from moisture. However, this is not recommended. The explanation is simple: aerated concrete is packaged at the factory in special packaging that keeps its moisture content at the proper level.
When do they start construction works, aerated concrete has the same moisture content as at the time of release. If the construction of a building takes place without a covering that can protect the material from moisture, then the blogs absorb water.
Hasty insulation of the building facade by plastering the surface creates a layer with low vapor permeability on the wall surface. IN winter time, when the heating in the house is turned on, moisture begins to move towards less partial pressure water vapor, that is, from indoors to outdoors.
Having passed through the wall and the insulating layer, it encounters vapor-tight plaster and condenses on it. inner surface. As a result, the insulation and the wall become damp, the wall freezes, and the insulation begins to rot.
Insulation of the facade of a house made of aerated blocks can be carried out immediately after the construction of the structure only if during construction measures were taken to protect the structural material from moisture. Otherwise, the house is preserved for 2-5 months (water is drained from all horizontal surfaces, the walls are covered with a moisture-proof film) and insulation is carried out only after the walls have dried.
What is the best way to insulate aerated concrete walls - from the inside or the outside?
If you plan to carry out insulation aerated concrete masonry from the inside, then:
- the owner of the house must be prepared to frequently replace the insulating layer, since there is a high probability of condensation forming on the surface of the masonry and insulation, since the dew point will shift into the thickness of the wall;
- necessary waterproofing layer and a ventilated layer. The first will protect the insulation from moisture, the second will remove condensation and maintain a pleasant microclimate in the room. All this significantly reduces usable space rooms.
Technology of insulating a house made of aerated concrete blocks with polyurethane foam.
However, thermal insulation of aerated concrete walls from inside the house has one undeniable advantage. This is the ease of construction. In this case, there is no need to resort to the help of high-rise installers, even if the building is multi-story.
External wall insulation significantly extends the life of the house, helps remove moist air from the thickness of the walls, improves the façade of the building, and saves usable space in the rooms. However, from a technical point of view, it is more difficult to organize insulation outside the house than inside it.
Proper insulation of the facade of a house made of aerated concrete blocks
It is worth remembering that aerated concrete has high vapor permeability, so polystyrene foam and other vapor-proof materials are not suitable as insulation here. After all, they can disrupt gas exchange between the room and the environment. Moisture will condense at the wall-insulation interface and lead to moisture in the former. Aerated concrete from excess moisture will begin to rot and become moldy. The best option for aerated concrete is polyurethane foam, but it costs a little more than polystyrene foam.
Technique for installing a thermal insulation layer on a wall made of aerated concrete
The main material here is mineral wool. On initial stage The wall is cleaned of dust and debris and primed. If the wall has significant unevenness, they are sealed with plaster mixture or pieces of thermal insulation.
Main stages of the process:
- choose mineral wool in the form of mats. This will not allow the insulation to settle under its own weight. Mineral wool is attached to the prepared wall using special adhesive mixtures, but not dowels;
- This is followed by a reinforcing layer of fiberglass, which does not disintegrate under the influence of the alkaline environment of the plaster. It is also mounted using silicate glue;
- the finishing layer is plaster and decorative painting.
Important! Special attention when insulating, focus on areas near windows and doorways. The insulation is fixed there using special corners or additional layer reinforcing mesh.
Comments:
Insulation of aerated concrete walls is necessary in order to make the room warmer and reduce the cost of heating a residential building. Today, the choice of materials for insulating aerated concrete surfaces is quite large. Moreover, some insulation materials are notable for their low price, but no less high physical characteristics and thermal insulation parameters. It is not difficult to insulate the walls of a house made of aerated concrete; installation requires a minimum number of tools and materials.
Insulation of aerated concrete - which insulation to choose
To understand how to insulate a house, you need to know what thermal insulation materials exist. Previously at home They were insulated only with plaster; today there are a number of insulation materials that will help not only retain heat, but also not spend a lot of money on their purchase. In order to insulate aerated concrete walls from the outside, the following materials can be used:
- mineral wool;
- expanded polystyrene (penoplex);
- polyurethane foam.
Mineral wool is the most popular and effective thermal insulation material for insulating a house. Its basis is glassy fibers. This material is environmentally friendly, has excellent vapor permeability properties and does not burn. But to insulate aerated concrete walls with mineral wool, it must be used only with a vapor barrier material, since mineral wool absorbs moisture. Moreover, the walls need to be protected both outside and inside.
Penoplex is a dense and durable insulating material and has high thermal insulation, waterproof, and soundproofing properties. The thickness of the slabs is from 30 to 50 mm. Fastening polystyrene foam (foam) is simple and quick. But this insulation for aerated concrete walls does not have the same fire-resistant properties as mineral wool.
Polyurethane foam is characterized by high thermal insulation properties; installation of insulation is not difficult. Construction mixture must be applied under pressure to the wall. After polyurethane foam is applied to aerated concrete, it is bonded to the wall surface, foaming occurs and a protective warm layer is formed.
Some builders use foam glass and wood (cork) boards to insulate aerated concrete walls. But in such cases, it will be quite difficult to carry out the installation yourself; you may need the help of specialists.
You can insulate a house made of aerated concrete with polystyrene foam or standard plaster. This option is the cheapest, but it has one big drawback - aerated concrete blocks, after applying plaster to them, lose their vapor-permeable properties, and thermal insulation characteristics worse than when using other insulation materials.
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Insulating a house made of aerated concrete - tools and materials
To insulate an aerated concrete wall you will need:
- thermal insulation material;
- dowels;
- roofing felt;
- metal profiles;
- fiberglass mesh;
- any container for making glue;
- building level;
- hammer drill;
- perforated corners.
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Insulation of a house made of aerated concrete blocks from the outside with mineral wool
It should be noted that heat leakage depends on how correctly the insulation is applied. The seams and joints between the insulation need to be closed as much as possible, and for this it is better to use non-standard cement mortar, but a special glue for mineral wool. In this case, there will be no heat leakage. For external wall insulation and thermal insulation, the ideal thickness of mineral wool slabs is 50 mm.
First of all, you need to stir the adhesive, after which you still need to let it sit for about 10 minutes and only then start insulating it. The outer surface of the aerated concrete wall must be cleaned of dirt and dust for better adhesion of the insulation and aerated concrete. An adhesive composition is applied to the mineral wool sheets; the sheets must be placed against the wall, pressed and released. In the same way, you need to go over the entire area of the aerated concrete wall. After the glue has dried, use a punch to make four holes around the perimeter of each sheet of mineral wool. Use special umbrella dowels to secure the sheets.
The next stage is stretching a special mesh around the entire perimeter of the mineral wool sheets. It is necessary to apply a layer of adhesive to it. After the additional layer of glue has dried, the already insulated wall must be puttied with a vapor-permeable compound and painted.
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Insulation of aerated concrete walls with polystyrene foam
Expanded polystyrene is ordinary foam plastic, that is, a material that is filled with gas. The basis of the insulation material is polystyrene and its compounds. Foam plastic is suitable for insulating external and external walls any room made of aerated concrete. The thicker the sheets, the better the heat will be retained. The advantages of this insulation include its high resistance to different materials, To weather conditions, temperature changes. The thermal insulation material has excellent vapor permeability and resistance to fungi and mold. For reference, a 12 cm layer of polystyrene foam can replace brick wall 20 cm. Installing foam plastic on aerated concrete walls is not at all difficult; no construction skills or abilities are required.
The surface of aerated concrete walls must first be sanded and leveled. Secure with dowels metal profiles on the wall. They must be attached as firmly as possible. For the surface of the walls, it is better to use solid foam plastic; in places where it is impossible to install whole slabs, it is necessary to use pieces of insulation that correspond to the dimensions. The glue is diluted and applied to penoplex (expanded polystyrene). Temperature factors should be taken into account when insulating aerated concrete walls. The air temperature should not be below 7 ° C. Otherwise low temperature air may prevent the adhesive from drying properly.
In some cases, individual slabs may not be smooth enough, so before applying the adhesive composition, it is better to treat penoplex (foam plastic or expanded polystyrene) with grinding machine or sandpaper. You need to glue the sheets starting from the bottom of the building - first the base, then the facade. After gluing is completed, the insulation sheets must be secured with dowels (6 pieces for each sheet). Joints and seams need to be coated with glue.
You definitely need to pay attention to the adhesive composition - it must suit your needs chemical composition for penoplex. Otherwise, the aggressive substances present may destroy the structure of the insulation. After the glue has dried, it is necessary to apply cladding to the insulating layer. You can do this using metal mesh, which will be attached to the insulation with glue or concrete mortar. It is necessary to make a penoplex lining in order to prevent the influence of external environment, which can destroy the thermal insulation material. Penoplex is afraid of temperature changes, direct sun rays, precipitation.
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Insulation of walls with polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is mainly applied to aerated concrete walls by spraying. To make the solution, you will need a special container in which the polyisocyanate and polyol will be mixed. After foaming the composition carbon dioxide it heats up. The composition is sprayed onto insulated surfaces using a spray gun under pressure. It should be noted that polyurethane foam is quite easy to apply to the surface of aerated concrete walls.
Polyurethane foam is popular because it has high adhesive characteristics, creates an insulating layer without joints and seams, which increases the thermal insulation properties several times. In addition, the material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, light weight, durability, resistance to fire, mold and rodents.
You can carry out work on insulating aerated concrete from the inside of the house in the same way as from the outside. Aerated concrete can be insulated both during construction and during repair work. Internal insulation carried out in places that are more susceptible to cold.
One of the most commonly used building materials for wall construction is aerated concrete. Unlike other types of concrete, this type It has a porous structure, which gives it properties such as high vapor permeability and low thermal conductivity.
This means that for most buildings, when installing a thermal insulation layer, it is enough to lay only one or two layers of insulation. This will be quite sufficient to ensure comfortable temperature V winter period time.
Let's take a closer look at the insulation of a house made of aerated concrete from the outside and inside, starting with a description of the material and ending with the technology for performing this work.
Aerated concrete - features and production
An aerated concrete block is an artificial stone consisting of cement, sand, gas-forming agents and impurities such as ash, lime, gypsum and slag.
The role of gas-forming materials is usually played by aluminum powders. After mixing starting materials with water, as a result chemical reaction hydrogen is formed, which forms in the future artificial stone many pores. Until the material hardens, it is cut into blocks and slabs required sizes, and then dried.
House built entirely from aerated concrete blocks
The blocks are easily subject to any technological processing. Aerated concrete is fireproof, environmentally friendly and has a high degree of sound insulation and heat conservation.
Thermal protection parameters of a house depend on what construction material used during construction. Insulation of aerated concrete is carried out in a very short time, which allows you to save significant money on heating.
Double-sided insulation
General scheme of insulation using mineral wool
There are different types aerated concrete - the better its structure, the longer it will retain heat on its own. However, the heat-saving properties of aerated concrete are not unlimited, so it is recommended to additionally insulate houses made from this material before putting it into operation.
Insulation load-bearing wall outside the house, can be produced simple polystyrene foam- V in this case It is not the thermal characteristics that are important, but the uniform distribution of the load on the building structure.
Insulation with inside is carried out if the thermal insulation from the outside is not enough and an additional heat-saving barrier is required.
Remember that insulating the aerated concrete walls of a house from the inside entails a reduction in the free space of the premises. If this moment is very critical, then it is worth performing more reliable thermal insulation and finishing of the walls outside.
Thermal insulation rules
Between aerated concrete and facing bricks a ventilation gap must be provided
Installation of thermal insulation materials shifts the dew point from the walls towards the insulation. This affects the increase in humidity levels in rooms.
To prevent condensation, it is necessary to install the insulating material correctly: between load-bearing wall and the insulation should leave a gap of three to five centimeters.
To ensure greater reliability, vapor-permeable materials are used - in this case, excess moisture will evaporate during external environment even without leaving a gap.
Selection of material for external insulation
The most effective insulation materials At the moment, for thermal insulation work in private construction, are:
- polyurethane foam - forms foam when interacting with the insulated surface. It is foaming that provides additional heat retention. This material It has high term operation and does not require repairs;
- expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam - usually used to insulate aerated concrete walls on the street side. The only disadvantage of this insulation is the long installation time;
- extruded polystyrene foam - suitable for installation on any surface. It has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, which significantly reduces the heat loss of the building through the outer surface of the walls and facade.
The use of mineral wool is only possible with high-quality external finishing
Mineral wool is not advisable for use when insulating a house made of aerated concrete blocks. It absorbs moisture well, but in this case this property will only do harm: the accumulation of moisture will destroy aerated concrete.
A five-centimeter layer of such insulation will hold fifty liters of water per square meter area. As you can see, a negative impact on aerated concrete will occur not only due to the accumulation of condensate, but also due to the creation of additional load on the structure.
Technology and procedure for insulation work
General scheme for insulating an aerated concrete wall
At the first stage, work is carried out on finishing the internal walls - first it is necessary to create a smooth and dirt-free surface. To do this, the unevenness on the walls is rubbed down, and then the voids are filled with glue. Sometimes used instead of glue cement-sand mortar. After the surface has dried, it is cleaned of any dust that has formed.
The walls are treated with a primer, and then, after the last layer has dried, plaster is applied to the surface. If some places on the walls will be regularly exposed to dampness and moisture, you need to locally treat them with waterproofing agents and apply a moisture-resistant mixture on top.
After the insulating layer has completely dried, the walls are leveled again, only this time by wetting the top layer with water. If you repeat this process several times, you can achieve a more ideal result.
Polyurethane foam is a reliable insulation material for internal and external thermal insulation work
Interior finishing can be done using plasterboard: the material is glued to the walls using a primer. Finishing wet or damp room done with tiles.
When choosing a particular material, look at properties such as vapor permeability. Despite the additional installation difficulties, you will receive more long term services.
At the second stage, work is carried out to insulate the walls outside the house. Heat escapes through the joints of some aerated concrete blocks, as well as window and door openings. Any gaps can be eliminated by applying an adhesive solution.
As already mentioned, aerated concrete can be easily insulated with polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene. In this case, you can significantly save on both material and installation. The main disadvantage of polystyrene foam is that it does not allow steam to pass through very well, which means that additional care will need to be taken of ventilation.
Thermal insulation using expanded polystyrene
When choosing insulation for aerated concrete walls, much attention should be paid to vapor permeability. If the insulation on the inside is made with vapor-permeable insulation, and on the outside - with vapor-tight insulation, water vapor simply will not have an outlet - as a result, the humidity in the premises of the house will increase significantly.
Taking this into account, for insulation from the outside you should not use:
- foamed plastics;
- foam glass;
- steam and air-tight paints;
- polymer solutions
The plaster should be used specifically for aerated concrete blocks. Ordinary plaster after some time it will crack and take on an untidy appearance.
A good option for insulation would be brickwork. However this option is possible only at the beginning of building a house, since the support for brickwork there must be a foundation.
It is worth remembering that since the bricks will completely cover the aerated concrete, moisture will begin to form between the materials. This problem is solved by installing ventilation holes.
Ventilation is installed at the base level and below eaves overhang. Even with good ventilation, aerated concrete needs additional protection layer of waterproofing.
- waterproofing and windproof layers are required;
- do not use vapor-proof materials;
- be sure to organize ventilation;
- thermal insulation can be omitted if available heating system. However, thermal insulation will cost less than heating;
- the parameters of the insulation must match the parameters of the aerated concrete wall;
- aerated concrete can only be insulated from the outside, excluding insulation from the inside of the house. External cladding usually done to improve appearance.
