Universal industrial floors - existing types and technology for their arrangement. Industrial floors Concrete floors in industrial premises

Impact on floors. In industrial buildings, as in civil ones, floors are installed on the floors and on the ground. Floors experience impacts depending on the nature technological process(Fig. 42.1). Static loads from the mass of various equipment, people, stored materials, semi-finished and finished products are transferred to the floor structure.

Rice. 42.1. External influences on floors: 1 – static loads; 2 vibration loads; 3 – dynamic loads; 4 shear forces; 5 – ambient temperature; 6 – thermal strokes; 7 – aggressive chemicals in the form of gas, liquid or aerosols; 8 – liquid and vapor moisture; 9 – static electricity; 10 – stray currents; 11 – biochemical effect

When operating machines, dropping heavy objects on the floor, or processing products, vibration, dynamic and shock loads occur.

The technological process requires the movement of people, raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products. The frictional forces that arise during the movement of trackless vehicles, as well as the impact on the floor from dragging heavy objects along it, entail abrasion of the floor, forming dust.

Hot shops are characterized by thermal effects on the floor. Heating of the floor surface occurs as a result of the contact of hot objects, liquids, hot air in rooms, radiant heat from stoves and baths, etc. Thermal effects can be constant or pulsed, i.e., have the nature of thermal shocks.

In some cases, floors are exposed to water and neutral solutions, mineral oils and emulsions, organic solvents (gasoline, kerosene), acids, alkalis, and mercury. These impacts can be systematic, periodic or random.

There are industries manufacturing process which is accompanied by the release of aerosols. In contact with the floor surface, they may fall out in the form of condensation, in some cases aggressive. For enterprises Food Industry characteristic effects on the floors of animal fats, vegetable oils, organic acids. At dairy enterprises and some other industries, there are cases of biochemical exposure to floors.

In hydrometallurgical shops of non-ferrous metallurgy electrolysis plants– sources of stray currents that cause intense corrosion of metal, affecting the reinforcement of reinforced concrete slabs or embedded steel floor parts in the presence of a chemically aggressive environment.

In connection with the above, when choosing a floor covering and design, the technological influences transmitted to it, the sanitary and hygienic regime that should be in the room, as well as technical and economic indicators characterizing various options for coverings and floor designs are taken into account.

Requirements for floors. Special requirements are also required for the floors of industrial buildings (taking into account the characteristic impacts on them). These requirements include: increased mechanical strength when the floor is exposed to large loads of a static and dynamic nature, good abrasion resistance, fire resistance and heat resistance, resistance to physical, chemical and biological influences; in explosive industries, floors should not produce sparks upon impacts and movement of the trackless transport, floors must be dielectric and, if possible, be seamless.

When choosing the type of floor, first of all, take into account those requirements that are the most important in the conditions of a given production.

In this case, you should take into account not only the initial cost of the floor, but also operating costs. In an industrial building, it may be necessary to install several types of floors in one room. However, their number should be limited.

When designing the floors of industrial buildings, the following are taken into account: the location and dimensions of equipment that is installed directly on the floor, on the ceiling or on foundations specially arranged for this; the presence of channels, pits, channelless utility networks under the floor and in its thickness, driveways and passages near workplaces, broad and narrow gauge tracks; location and size of zones of distribution of mechanical, thermal, chemical, humidity and other effects on the floor and the nature of these effects.

The type and design of the floor is selected in accordance with the instructions of the standards, which, depending on the type and intensity of impacts, provide appropriate recommendations.

When installing floors of industrial premises, it is necessary to take into account:

Intensity of mechanical loads on the floor;

Presence, duration of exposure and nature of aggressive environments in the room;

Temperature and humidity conditions for floor operation;

Requirements for the electrical properties of floors;

Type and thickness of the base, its evenness;

Presence of oil and other contaminants;

Room cleaning mode.

The main element of the floor structure in a production facility is concrete base, distributing loads on the ground. In this case, the surface of the slab must be initially flat, and the necessary slopes must be made immediately. The installation of a monolithic concrete slab is carried out at one time, or at least in two steps, and the thickness of the second layer must be at least 100 mm.

If necessary, the basis is arranged waterproofing, and placed on top of it concrete slab thickness of at least 80 mm. A protective coating is applied to it.

Under certain conditions, they can additionally be installed thermal insulation, vapor barrier and drainage layers.

Types of coatings floors in industrial premises are used depending on the type and intensity of mechanical, thermal and liquid influences, taking into account special requirements. In accordance with MDS 31-1.98, it is recommended to design the following 8 types of floors with appropriate coatings.

1. Floors general purpose without special requirements for cleanliness and dustlessness. Such solutions include floors with coverings: concrete, including slabs, mosaic concrete, asphalt concrete. In conditions of impact, preference should be given to monolithic concrete floors. To meet aesthetic requirements, mosaic-concrete floors are better suited. If you urgently need to put the floor into operation, then a slab floor is preferable.

2. General purpose floors with special requirements for cleanliness and dust separation are carried out in clean rooms classified in accordance with the CMEA standard 3783-82. It is recommended to make floors from seamless or rolled polymer materials with sealed seams.

3. General purpose floors with special conductivity requirements They are divided into electrically conductive, conditionally electrically conductive and non-electrically conductive. When designing floors, one should take into account the ability of the flooring material to accumulate static electricity charges on the surface.

4. General purpose non-sparking floors. Non-sparking floor coverings include concrete coatings of all types (mosaic concrete, PVA concrete, asphalt concrete, etc.) on non-sparking aggregates, as well as floors made of wood and polymer materials.

5. General purpose floors with special thermal requirements. They are met by xylolite, polyvinyl acetate-sawdust, end, plank, PVC on a heat-insulating base and other floors.

6.General purpose floors with special mechanical stress. These conditions are met by floors with a metal-cement coating, concrete with a reinforced top layer, steel or cast-iron perforated slabs, and paving stones. Floors made of cast iron slabs are advisable only under conditions of very significant wear and tear from dragging heavy metal objects with sharp corners and edges.

7.Floors special purpose according to perception high temperatures . These requirements are met by floors covered with heat-resistant concrete, paving stones on sand and cast iron slabs with supporting protrusions on sand.

8.Special purpose floors with chemical resistance requirements. They are divided into:

- alkali-resistant floors with covering: concrete; mosaic-concrete; asphalt concrete; from slag-sitall, natural stone and ceramic tiles and bricks; cast stone slabs;

- acid-resistant floors with the same coverings except mosaic-concrete;

-acid-alkali resistant floors.

Floor designs. The floor structure consists of a covering, layer, screed, waterproofing, underlying layer and heat or sound insulating layers.

In industrial buildings, floors are classified depending on the type and material of the coating and are divided into three main groups.

First group– solid or seamless floors. They can be:

a) based on natural materials: earthen, gravel, crushed stone, adobe, clay concrete, combined;

b) based on artificial materials; concrete, steel concrete, mosaic, cement, slag, asphalt, asphalt concrete, tar concrete, xylolite, polymer (in the form of mastics, mortars and concretes).

Second group– floors made of piece materials: stone – cobblestones, paving stones, brick and clinker; from tiles and slabs of concrete, reinforced concrete, metal-cement, mosaic - terrazzo, asphalt, asphalt concrete, tar concrete, xylolite, ceramic, stone cast slabs, cast iron, steel, plastic, wood fiber, cast slag, slag-vital; wooden - end and plank.

Third group– floors made of rolled and sheet materials: rolled – from linoleum, relin, synthetic carpets; sheet - made of vinyl plastic, wood fiber and chipboard sheets.

Interlayer arranged in piece floors or floors made of roll and sheet materials. The interlayer material is selected depending on the nature of the technological process, the requirements for the floor structure, and the type of floor covering. Most often, the layer is made: under dynamic loads - from medium- and coarse-grained sand; when the floor is exposed to water, oils, kerosene, gasoline and alkalis of moderate aggressiveness - from a cement-sand mortar; when exposed to acids, oils and water - from solution to liquid glass; when exposed to water, alkali of average aggressiveness, acids with hydrochloric and sulfur concentrations up to 20% and nitrogen concentrations up to 15% - from bitumen mastic; under the influence of highly aggressive alkalis and mineral oils - from tar mastic. In addition, the layers can be made of magnesium mortar, special mastics, glue, etc.

Screed performed on a heat- or sound-insulating layer of floors with hollow-core floors; along the underlying layer or ceiling for plank and linoleum floors, as well as for tile floors laid over a layer of bitumen or tar mastic; over the floors to give the floor a slope.

The thickness of the screed depends on the type of floor covering and is 15-25 mm in the case when the heat or sound insulating layer is made of lightweight or cellular concrete grades 35 and 30-50 mm, when this layer is made of incompressible slabs (for example, asbestos-cement) or from bulk materials (for example, slag). The screed material is concrete or cement-sand mortar grades 50-100.

Waterproofing is arranged in order to protect floor structures from industrial liquids in the form of a coating of two layers of bitumen or tar mastic (Fig. 42.2, a), from two or three layers of rolled materials on appropriate mastics or in the form of tiled waterproofing (from ceramic or stone cast slabs on an interlayer from a solution on liquid glass) located along the adhesive insulation (Fig. 42.2, b).

Rice. 42.2. Installation of waterproofing in floors: a, b – waterproofing from waste water and other liquids; c – waterproofing from groundwater: 1 – coating, 2 – two layers of bitumen or tar mastic; 3 – screed; 4 – roll waterproofing; 5 – tiled waterproofing; 6 – waterproofing layer made of cast asphalt concrete or tar concrete; 7 – crushed stone impregnated with bitumen and compacted into the ground; 8 – screed; 9 – sound insulation; 10 – floor slab; 11 – underlying layer

Waterproofing from groundwater is made from cast asphalt concrete or tar concrete over crushed stone compacted into the ground, either in the form of impregnation of a layer of crushed stone with bitumen or tar, or by installing waterproofing from two layers roll material(Fig. 42.2, c).

Substrate are installed on hollow-core floors on the ground, with the exception of earthen, slag, gravel, crushed stone, adobe and adobe concrete floors (in such floors, the floor covering also combines the functions of the underlying layer), as well as in floors with an underground installed on the ground, if the bearing capacity of the latter is insufficient to absorb pressure from floor posts.

The underlying layers are: unbound (sand and crushed stone) and hard bound. Bound rigid underlying layers are made of concrete, asphalt concrete, tar concrete, acid-resistant concrete on liquid glass, etc. Sometimes the underlying layers are combined in two layers: the upper underlying layer is made of asphalt or tar concrete, and the lower underlying layer is made of crushed stone, stone or metallurgical slag.

Heat and sound insulating layers when installing floors on interfloor ceilings, they are made from slabs of light or cellular concrete or wood fiber, and sometimes they are made in the form of backfill from expanded clay granules, ash gravel, slag, etc.

Can be found on industrial enterprises, warehouses, workshops– wherever large areas require a reliable device that is resistant to loads, aggressive environments, temperature changes, etc. Floors are one of the most important elements any building, and the efficiency of the production process and the health of workers directly depend on their quality and condition.

For production premises represent one of the most optimal options flooring, as they have a high degree of hygiene, chemical resistance and are little susceptible to abrasive wear. In addition, they are easy to clean.

Epoxy, polyurethane and methyl methacrylate industrial floors

There are many various types industrial polymer coatings. By type of material we can distinguish epoxy, polyurethane and methyl methacrylate floors. Also, polymer floors can be made from other materials, but these can hardly be used when installing floors in industrial premises.

In industrial premises, the most widespread based on epoxy resins , having increased strength, antistatic, moisture resistance, adhesion to various substrates and a wide color spectrum. The disadvantage of epoxy floors is their low elasticity, which is why such coatings cannot be used at low temperatures, strong vibration and shock loads.

Polyurethane floors elastic and hard at the same time, which allows them to be used in production areas with moving floors or constant vibration. Polyurethane is able to withstand high abrasive loads, but is not able to cope with strong chemical influences.

Methyl methacrylate floors They have excellent appearance, high heat resistance, impact resistance and water resistance. One of the main advantages of methyl methacrylate is their ability to quickly cure - they can be ready for use in just a few hours. In addition, methyl methacrylate coatings can be laid at sub-zero temperatures. The disadvantages of acrylic floors include their fairly high cost, the complexity of the work and not the highest abrasive resistance.

Paintable, self-leveling and highly filled polymer coatings

In addition to composition, industrial polymers can be classified by filling and layer thickness. Highlight:

Thin-layer or paint coatings with a thickness of up to 1 mm and a low sand content (up to 50%).

Highly filled floors having a thickness of 5-8 mm and high level sand content (80-85%).

Self-leveling or polymer self-leveling are a good decision for industrial premises with high and medium levels of mechanical loads. Such floors have high wear resistance and resistance to vibrations and aggressive environments. Self-leveling floors have a smooth surface, making them hygienic and easy to maintain.

Painting or thin-layer polymer coatings are most often used when it is necessary to avoid dust and protect industrial concrete floors from external negative impacts or improve aesthetic properties concrete base. Thin-layer flooring has a relatively low cost due to lower material consumption, but it is subject to rapid wear and tear and cannot be used in rooms with high humidity air and strong mechanical loads.

Highly filled polymer floors, compared to other types of industrial floors, have the highest resistance to strong blows, wear and exposure to various abrasives. The structure of such coatings in its properties resembles polymer concrete - the coatings do not delaminate or crack even under high loads and significant temperature changes.

In addition to the composition, filling and layer thickness, polymers for industrial premises can have different textures: matte, glossy, rough.

How to choose a polymer floor for a production facility

When choosing a polymer for a production facility, first of all, it is necessary to determine all the requirements and characteristics that the future must meet. flooring. After all, they are different polymer materials have different qualities, each of which is optimal for a certain type of room. For example, for freezers, printing houses and industrial premises with high humidity, polyurethane self-leveling floors are best suited, and for factory workshops and laboratories with precision instruments and production machines - epoxy self-leveling floors.

Methyl methacrylate floors are the best option for production facilities in the pharmaceutical and food industries. In addition, it is advisable to use such coatings in cases where the period of time between installing the floor and putting it into operation should be minimal, however, the compatibility of the performance characteristics of methyl methacrylate floors and the requirements for the production premises should be taken into account. are one of the most optimal options for industrial workshops, warehouses and laboratories, as they are reliable, practical and have high performance and aesthetic qualities.

According to sanitary and fire safety standards One of the mandatory requirements in industrial premises is the installation of special floors. They are distinguished by many factors, and as you know, the more reliable the coating, the more productive the production process becomes. What floors are most often installed in industrial premises? And what is the difference between self-leveling, concrete or metal types? Find out in this review!

In addition to reliability and resistance to heavy loads, workshop floors must have other characteristics:

impact resistance;
resistance to vibration and bending;
tightness, i.e. layers should not emit odor or dust;
resistance to moisture and temperature changes;
resistance against aggressive chemicals;
protective properties for concrete foundation, which is located under the floor covering.

Requirements for industrial floors also include ease of maintenance and operation. Complex geometric patterns, cracks in which dust and dirt can become clogged, all this is unacceptable for the production process, as it is considered costly. After all, such finishing layer It will take longer to clean after each work shift.

Types of flooring in workshops

Types of floors in industrial premises can be as follows:

Multilayer. They are used in workshops with high temperatures.
Single layer. They are used where they do not have to deal with high demands and heavy loads.
Unreinforced. Just like single-layer ones, they are used in rooms with low load levels.
Reinforced. They are a multi-layer concrete screed, the finishing layer depends on the characteristics of the room in which the floor will be located. For example, a special color.

In the workshops modern type the floor always fits together like a puzzle and consists of a reliable concrete screed and a layer of cladding. In exceptional cases, for example, if these are metallurgical hot shops or industrial facilities, where the load on the floor in production premises will be enormous, for example, associated with the transportation of vehicles, the base is naturally made stronger. It is made from soil or crushed stone, which is firmly compacted before installation. The surface is paving slabs, and the layer between the base and the top layer is a mixture of sand and cement.

Note! At elevated temperature conditions, an adobe base is used in production.

Coatings in industrial premises

The price of flooring for industrial premises consists not only of the base, but also of finishing coating, which will be applied in the end. Options in in this case the following:

Polyurethane. Used in workshops when required specific color floor covering. For example, in cook shops, white polyurethane topcoats. This look is completely seamless.
Contains sand. Here everything depends on the thickness of the screed; the thicker it is, the stronger the coating and the better it can withstand loads. This option used in workshops where there is equipment with a high level of vibration.
Fluating. It's not really a layer, it's more of a special chemical treatment concrete, the so-called liquid “reinforcement”, in which the strength of concrete increases by 50%.

In addition, the finishing layers are treated with a special antistatic agent and make the surface anti-slip by adding quartz sand to the mixture. The chemical industry also uses an additive to prevent deterioration when exposed to chemicals.

Popular types of floors in industrial premises

Manufacturing shops often have heavy equipment, so changing the finish coat often cannot be done without moving the equipment, which represents a significant financial drain. Therefore, the very first requirement for a floor in production is its durability. From here we can distinguish three popular types of floors in industrial premises, which are characterized by good durability.

Metal

A relatively expensive type of floor is metal floors in industrial premises. They are laid only in those workshops where the speed of the technological process and withstanding heavy loads are important. For example, in metallurgical workshops, good electrical conductivity and surface smoothness are very necessary.

Significant disadvantage metal version The finishing layer is low wear resistance and temperature influence. The metal heats up quickly, so it will have to be processed special composition before starting the production process.

The price of metal floors in industrial premises varies from 1000 to 2000 rubles, depending on the complexity of the installation.

Concrete

The simplest option used to perform the technological process with maximum efficiency. The concrete surface is impact-resistant, highly wear-resistant and very easy to maintain. For greater strength and even resistance to vibration, concrete can be milled - this is adhesion to the top layer of the concrete screed through notches. They are made with a special milling machine and are up to 3 mm deep.

The price of concrete floors for industrial premises varies from 850 rubles per m 2 for the thinnest fiber-reinforced concrete coating and reaches 1,800 rubles per m 2 for more durable options.

Liquid

This type of floor is special mixture, which is poured onto a concrete screed. There are several types of self-leveling floors:

Concrete floor with topping. This layer is different at an affordable price and has a good appearance. The topping includes special plasticizers, cement and various dyes. This floor has good rigidity and strength, prevents moisture penetration and does not interact with chemicals.
Polymers. This type consists of polyurethane, methyl methacrylate or epoxy resin. This option is ideal for mechanical engineering, woodworking or any assembly industry. This is a soft, easy-to-maintain floor that is resistant to adverse influences.
Epoxy. This coating is most often used in pharmaceutical production, since epoxy resin is not affected by the strongest chemical reagents. This type of coating can also be found in food factories, where the floors should not absorb product odors.
Methyl methacrylate mixture. Quick-drying and resistant to temperature changes - this version of the finishing layer is used for installation in workshops with any temperature regime.

In addition, a big advantage of poured floors for industrial premises is durability. A regular concrete floor with topping will last 15-20 years longer than an untreated one. To add strength to self-leveling floors, special hardeners such as quartz, corundum or iron filings are mixed into the mixture. The first option is used for floors with medium loads, while the second and third have higher strength indicators.

Such floors can not only be of any design and color, but also matte or glossy at the request of the client. The absence of joints and seams makes this type of floor easy to clean, does not become clogged with dirt and helps increase the level of comfort in the room for workers.

In such workshops, where the floors are specially prepared for current production, workers get sick less, since the coatings do not emit harmful chemical compounds, do not decompose under the influence of reagents from production and do not wear out, and therefore there is no increase in employee injuries.

In addition, the technology for making self-leveling floors in industrial premises is extremely simple, as professionals note, however, it is still better to entrust such a large-scale undertaking to specialists in order to pour the finishing layer in the shortest possible time.

The price of self-leveling floors for industrial premises starts from 650 rubles per m 2 to 1900 rubles per m 2.

Floor installation process

Laying floors in workshops is on a large scale, so first you need to properly prepare the concrete screed by performing several operations:

Lay and mark the level using a level or laser level. At this stage, the general ground relief is determined, on the basis of which all calculations are carried out and all work on the project and permissible slopes is discussed.
Explore the soil. Next, we prepare a cushion of sand and gravel of sufficient density, the coefficient of which is specified after detailed analysis ground surface. If the coefficient is less than 2, then the soil will have to be compacted several times.
Installation of guide rails. These slats are needed to install fill cards, which look like cells. Expansion joints are applied to the filling card and guide beacons are installed.
Base reinforcement. In the case when the concrete screed needs to be strengthened, several layers of base are poured and additionally reinforced with steel mesh.
Concrete screed. Its kneading is carried out only in an industrial mechanized way using special mixers.
Pouring the mixture. It must be poured using a vibrator over cards, which eliminates the appearance of unevenness and holes during pouring. This is achieved through speed: the vibrating screed from one beacon to another moves only three meters per minute.
Application of hardeners. The type of materials used that will be added to the mixture and make the composition stronger depend on the level mechanical impact for this flooring. In addition, the choice of the appropriate hardener affects the design of the coating and its decorative properties.
Topping processing. The penultimate stage after placing concrete in pouring cards is processing with fresh topping. A composition that has a strengthening effect is applied to the solution using a dispenser. You need to lay such a composition as evenly as possible, and it is better to trust specialists in this case. The future quality of the layer, which will become the finishing layer, depends on even application. At the same stage, the topping layer is grouted after it has dried.

Before the final stage At least two days must pass, during which time concrete screed should spread completely and the topping should harden. The final step is to apply expansion joints. They must be positioned exactly according to the markings of technological connections and pouring cards.

Workshop floors experience chemical, mechanical and temperature loads. Respectively flooring for industrial premises must be suitable, durable and able to withstand heavy loads that can destroy the floor. Perfect for this - polymer industrial floors.

For the food production industry, there are separate types of floor coverings. It all depends on the direction of food production. Further industry areas and following the link you can find information more suitable for you:

Industrial seamless floors for meat processing plants
Industrial seamless floors for fisheries
Brewery floors
Polymer anti-oxidation floors for dairy production
Floors against high temperatures for bakeries
Inexpensive, budget industrial floors for food production

Polymer self-leveling floor perfect for production, workshop, industrial building for the following objective reasons:

Resists mechanical stress - movement of loaded carts, cargo cars - metal, rubber wheels, intense pedestrian loads
High degree of wear resistance;
Durability of polymer self-leveling floor
Anti-slip property
Not susceptible to chemical influences
Elasticity - absorb shock loads
Resistance to low, high temperature conditions, sudden changes
Antistatic coatings
Wide range of coating types
Eco-friendly flooring - For safe operation in pharmaceutical and food production.

Depending on the above requirements, we select the most appropriate one for your premises. suitable look(epoxy or polyurethane resin) floor covering and the type of self-leveling floor that will meet all parameters.

Pouring industrial floors

As polymer floors for industrial premises and workshops, SOP company specialists use the following: types of self-leveling floors :

Installation of highly filled self-leveling floor- monolithic coating with the addition of quartz sand, the surface is rough or smooth. The color is selected according to the RAL table.Industrial floor thickness from 1 to 6 mm.
Installation of a thin-layer polymer floor- smooth polyurethane two-component mixture with a thickness of 0.3 to 0.8 mm.
Strengthening the top layer of concrete- compaction of the top layer is achieved by grinding and saturating the concrete with deep-penetrating polyurethane impregnation. Rovnaya concrete surface acquires shine.
Antistatic device(electrically conductive) floor- smooth, colored floor covering, easy to clean and meeting electrical conductivity DIN IEC 61340-4-1. The thickness of the coating ranges from 0.6 to 2 mm depending on the requirements.
Anti-slip coating - rough polymer floor with the addition of quartz sand or ceramic balls. The adhesion to the floor increases significantly.

More detailed information you can get it by calling one of our specialists. When a technologist visits your site for free in Moscow and the Moscow region, he will select suitable covering taking into account the operating conditions of the room and floor loads.

The cost of installing a self-leveling floor

The cost of installing industrial floors for production depends on several factors.
These are factors such as technical condition base, concrete strength, wear resistance requirements, surface and special conditions for self-leveling floors, working conditions for specialists, location of the facility - Moscow and the Moscow region - one price, for other regions of Russia there is an alternative cost for installing industrial floors and many other factors affecting the cost of the floor. In details .

Work on the installation of industrial floors was successfully carried out by specialists of the company “Create an Excellent Floor”:

at food enterprises, incl. meat processing, dairy and tobacco industries
at chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, light industry enterprises
at mechanical engineering, metalworking and woodworking enterprises
at electronics industry enterprises
at nuclear industry and energy enterprises

Our works:

Dairy production (Dmitrov)
Production of spare parts for buses (Moscow region)

Industrial floors – coatings increased strength, which are used in commercial premises subject to heavy loads. Floor coverings of civil and industrial premises have high wear resistance, which provides them with long-term operation. Floors industrial use suitable for arranging warehouses, shopping centers, hotels, hospitals, etc. Modern technologies make it possible to produce materials that are practically not subject to mechanical and chemical influence.

What are industrial floors?

Industrial floors are a separate group of floor coverings with improved physical and mechanical parameters. Their main properties include:

high strength;
wear resistance;
chemical neutrality;
moisture resistance;
fire safety;
mechanical stability.

For civil and industrial premises, specialized types of materials can be manufactured that have the following specific qualities:

antistatic;
hygiene;
non-hygroscopic;
low/high current conductivity.

Highly wear-resistant coatings, even under conditions of intense and constant load, can last at least five years. Unlike household flooring materials, they have worse aesthetic characteristics, but many times improved technical properties.

Scope of application

Ultra-strong materials with good physical and mechanical properties are used in in public places, as well as civil and industrial premises. What is their scope of application?

Food industry: confectionery factories, sugar production, meat processing plants, dairies and tobacco factories;
Civil premises: shopping malls, exhibition centers, airports, offices, parking lots, service stations and train stations;
Medical industry: factories and workshops for the production of medical equipment, pharmaceutical enterprises, medical institutions;
Chemical, oil refining and instrument-making industries.

It is worth considering that the floors of public and industrial premises are covered with different flooring materials. Each of them has its own performance characteristics, advantages and disadvantages that allow the use of coatings in a particular area.

Types of industrial coatings

What types of industrial flooring are there? In most cases, floors in industrial premises are finished using materials that contain concrete or polymers. Due to the plasticizers and fillers added to the working mixture, floors acquire specific qualities that are just suitable for rooms with high traffic. The following types of industrial floors are distinguished.

Concrete

Concrete floor - separate species flooring made from cement mixture, which includes sealing impregnations and mineral fillers. Subsequently upper layer the material is strengthened special impregnation or paint that prevents dust formation. Similar design It is very resistant to mechanical loads, so it is often used in service stations, car services, furniture factories and underground garages.

Advantages:

waterproof;
wear resistance;
acid resistance;
quick installation;
low cost.

Flaws:

tendency to dust formation;
inelasticity;
low shock resistance.

Topping

Topping is called concrete structures, which were subsequently treated with a special strengthening mixture. The concrete contains high-grade cement, which provides the floor with a considerable service life. Topping floors with high wear resistance can contain various additives, slags and quartz inclusions. Each of the additives affects the technical characteristics of the material, which provide it with a wide range of applications: service stations, auto repair shops, gas stations, industrial workshops and factories.

Design advantages:

durability;
seamlessness;
quick installation;
chemical resistance;
dustlessness.

Design disadvantages:

susceptibility to cracks;
moderate moisture resistance;
high price.

Raised floors

A raised floor is a structure that consists of an adjustable board on special racks. This coating consists of steel racks With adjustable height, metal profiles And flooring material. The raised floor is convenient because under it you can arrange a communications system, lay electrical cables and do not hide them in specially built-in gutters. The false structure is ideal for arranging an office, operating room, as well as rooms in which it is used a large number of communications.

Advantages:

quick installation;
high strength;
maintainability;
ability to hide communications.

Flaws:

high price;
leakage;
short period of service.

Despite the fact that the raised floor does not have high wear resistance, it can be used for arranging the floors of civil and industrial premises. In particular for the office, exhibition hall, as well as premises with big amount electronics, a raised floor will fit almost perfectly. Industrial floors, photos of which are presented below, clearly demonstrate the advantages of this type of coating in comparison with other materials.

Industrial polymer floors

Floor coverings that contain polymers should be highlighted in separate category. Such materials are often called self-leveling floors, since during installation they are applied to the prepared base in a liquid state. As the material crystallizes, it becomes hard and very durable.

Modern technologies make it possible to produce liquid mixtures with good decorative and technical properties. For this reason, high-strength floors can easily be used for offices and shopping center, service stations and gas stations, medical institutions and the pharmaceutical industry, food shops and chemical enterprises. What types of resin floors are there?

Epoxy

Epoxy floors are mixtures containing epoxy resins, plasticizers and polymers. They are used to furnish civilian and production facilities, i.e. office floors, pharmaceutical factory, car service, etc.

Advantages:

high strength;
indestructibility;
hygiene;
chemical neutrality.

Flaws:

high price;
sensitivity to temperature fluctuations.

Polyurethane

– high-strength materials that are not afraid of mechanical stress or chemicals. They are ideal for furnishing an office, hospital, food shop, service station, as well as public premises (shopping hall, pavilion, supermarket).

Advantages:

hygiene;
chemical neutrality;
tensile strength;
non-susceptibility to mechanical influences.

Flaws:

high price;
susceptibility to combustion.

Methyl methacrylate

Methyl methacrylate is an ester compound with the addition of polymer fillers. The material contains synthetic additives, the vapors of which can be harmful to health. For this reason, it is not advisable to use it in public places. Despite this, the flooring is highly durable and shock-resistant, so it can be used in service stations, auto repair shops, woodworking enterprises, etc.

Advantages:

resistance to temperature changes;
high strength;
non-hygroscopic;
chemical neutrality.

Flaws:

flammability;
abrasion;
toxicity.

Epoxy-urethane

Polymer material has high elasticity and bending strength. In many characteristics they resemble topping coatings. High-strength floors are suitable for furnishing civil and industrial facilities. Thanks to the ability to create a three-dimensional image on the surface, they are ideal for a shopping center, office, airport, conference room, etc.

Advantages: