In one of the words below, there is an error in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word right.
among the famous GRU-ZIN
LIE ON THE SOFA
five DISHES
more than five-de-sya-ti rubles
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Incorrect: five SAUCERS. You need to say SAUCER.
Regarding “Georgians” Since there is no universal rule for declension of nationalities, you should turn to spelling dictionaries whenever you are not sure how to write correctly. Here are a few words denoting nationalities in the genitive case of which errors are most often made: Georgians - (who?) Georgians (not Georgians!), as well as Ossetians - Ossetians, Lezgins - Lezgins, Bashkirs - Bashkirs, and so on. But here are the words in which the mistake is made the other way around: Abkhazians - (who?) Abkhazians (not Abkhazians!), Chechens - Chechens, Tajiks - Tajiks, Kalmyks - Kalmyks, Kyrgyz - Kyrgyz, and so on. There are nationalities that allow both forms: Buryats - Buryats and Buryats, Turkmens - Turkmen and Turkmens.
Answer: saucer.
Answer: saucer
Rule: Task 7. Morphological norms of word formation and inflection
General concept of morphological norms.
Morphological norms are the norms for the correct formation of grammatical forms of words of different parts of speech(forms of gender, number, short forms and degrees of comparison of adjectives and many others).
The morphological norm regulates word formation and inflection. These norms are necessarily studied in the school Russian language course and tested in task 6 of the Unified State Examination. In morphology (as well as in syntax and pronunciation) there are strong and weak norms. Strong ones are observed by everyone who speaks Russian as a native language. Weak ones are easily influenced by outsiders, are poorly absorbed and are often distorted. Their presence is determined by many reasons, in particular, by the peculiarities of the development of the phonetic and grammatical systems of the Russian language. Thus, the norms of education and changes in participles, gerunds, adjectives and other parts of speech that existed back in the time of Leo Tolstoy have changed significantly in our days. It should be noted that for a fairly large list of words there are, on the one hand - colloquial forms, and on the other hand - literary, written. But along with this, there are also forms that are unacceptable even in colloquial speech and are a gross violation of morphological norms. Anyone who turns to dictionaries knows that explanatory dictionaries certainly contain the marks “colloquial,” which means colloquial, and others that indicate the normative use of a word form in a particular style of speech.
In the tasks selected for the Unified State Exam, students are required to find a misspelled word and change it so that it meets the literary, written norm.
The normative use of a particular word is checked using current modern dictionaries, and not using the “Internet” or “Wikipedia”. Words that allow two literary norms (and this happens!) are, as a rule, not presented in assignments.
So, in tasks from the FIPI bank, in manuals by various authors, as well as in exam materials from previous years, there are examples of errors in formation and use:
NOUNS (gender, number, case)
ADJECTIVE NAMES (formation of comparative degree)
NUMERAL NAMES (case forms)
PRONOUNS (case forms)
What is the “rule of vegetables” in our grammar, explains Ksenia TURKOVA, Candidate of Philological Sciences.
Events in Ukraine and their comparison, for example, with the situation in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, made us think again about which is correct: Georgians or Georgians, Ossetians or Ossetians? However, this is not the only difficulty associated with the use of the plural. There are many examples, let’s take the closest ones...
Grams/kilograms. In the journalistic team they will definitely correct you if they hear the plural form of “gram”: “That’s right, “grams”!” However, in fact, forms with zero endings - gram and kilogram - have long been acceptable in colloquial speech (like neuter coffee). In the academic “Grammar of the Russian Language” of 1952 (!), the form “gram/kilogram” is generally indicated as the only one. So you can safely ask for one hundred grams of sausage. True, if you are giving a public speech, writing an official document or a journalistic text, then it is better to choose the full, more literary form. But in the expression “front-line hundred grams”, nothing needs to be changed under any circumstances - this is a stable combination.
Georgians, Ossetians, Turks. Remember, nouns denoting some nationalities do not have an ending in the genitive plural. The correct word would be “Georgians” and not “Georgians”, “Ossetians” and not “Ossetians”, “Gypsies” and not “Gypsies”. The “Turks” have the same option. “No Turks” is wrong.
Socks/stockings. If you can’t remember “stockings” or “stockings” and you also always get confused with socks, refer to the mnemonic rule. The stockings are long, but their ending is short: no stockings. But the socks, on the contrary, are short and have a long end: there are no socks. This is the easiest option to remember.
Pancakes. If you stumble while trying to tell your relatives that you have baked pancakes/pancakes, of course, it’s best to say “pancakes.” But what about those who cannot tolerate diminutive forms? Remember the correct option: pancakes.
Tomatoes/oranges/pasta. There are a lot of problems with food names in general. Put macaroni or pasta? Slice an orange or oranges? Throw rotten tomatoes or tomatoes?
Everything is simple with pasta: you need to shorten it to make it more convenient. Correct option: pasta. With tomatoes and oranges (as well as, for example, apricots) it is a little more complicated. The correct option is considered full: oranges, tomatoes. But in colloquial speech, a form with a zero ending is also acceptable. So you can buy a “pack of orange” at the market and in the store. But the literary norm is still complete!
Shoes and manger. The question of “shoes or shoes” and where to put the emphasis there arises quite often. The literary norm is “no shoes,” with the emphasis on the first syllable. The option “no shoes” is marked by almost all dictionaries as unacceptable. Although some allow it in colloquial speech. The help service of the Gramota.ru portal recommends using one option: shoes. The singular number is shoe.
But the word “manger,” on the contrary, has the correct version with “-ey”: manger. The stress falls on the first syllable. Remember the phrase: “I left the manger without shoes” - and everything will become clear to you.
Soldiers/epaulets. Remember the junior lieutenant from Irina Allegrova’s song? “Only two stars fell on his shoulder strap...” But what if they fell not ON, but C? With shoulder straps or with shoulder straps? Here we need to remember the “principle of nationality”, it works exactly the same. Georgians - Ossetians - shoulder straps.
By the way, the same rule applies to the word “soldiers”. The correct option is: “no soldiers.”
Rails. If there is a train accident, then journalists are always confused: some say that the train went “off the rails,” while others say that it “went off the rails.” And here we need to remember the “vegetable rule”. The correct option is the one that is more complete: “The train went off the rails.” Test phrase: “The train was carrying a ton of tomatoes and derailed.” True, in colloquial speech the option “went off the rails” is acceptable.
Sheets, pokers. We will devote the last paragraph to especially difficult cases. I think you have tried more than once, just for fun, to form the plural (genitive case) of the word “poker.” In everyday life, the ability to change the word “poker” is unlikely to be useful, but it still doesn’t hurt to know. That's right - poker. Sheet - sheet.
Here's some advice for you: "Don't leave the sheets without the sheets." This phrase will also help you remember the emphasis.
Givi, your dogs are biting my strawberries.
- He doesn't bite, he sniffs.
- So that he sniffs pop tabbe like he pecks at my strawberries.
A small mountain town in Georgia. Our business traveler enters a wine and vodka store. Behind the counter, of course, is a Georgian seller. Business trip:
- Please tell me, do you have “Khvanchkara”?
Georgian:
- Of course, dear.
He takes an empty bottle, pours red liquid into it from a nearby barrel, corks it, takes out the Khvanchkara label from under the counter, sticks it on the bottle and hands it to the client. A business traveler, seeing something like this:
- You know, I’ll probably take “Kinzmarauli” instead.
Georgian:
- As you wish, dear.
Again he takes an empty bottle, pours the same liquid into it from the same barrel, corks it, takes out the “Kinzmarauli” label from under the counter, sticks it on and hands the bottle to the buyer.
Business trip (without any hope):
- Or maybe you have Teliani?
Georgian, looking under the counter:
- Yes, but there are no stickers.
A Georgian comes to a bread store, wants to buy two buns, and forgot how to say “two” in Russian, thought for a moment and said:
“Girl, give me three buns,” then he adds, “one nada!”
The Georgian sits eating a frog, the second one comes up:
- What are you doing?
- I eat fish.
- Where did you get it?
- I jumped up and down myself.
- Why green?
- Probably still young.
At the Biathlon World Championships, a Georgian biathlete missed all 5 shots, drove up and stabbed the target with a dagger!
A Georgian is walking, and in front of him are two blondes:
- Girls, I want you!
- But we don’t!
- Well, it does, it does.
What do you call a Georgian carrying a ram under his left armpit and a goat under his right?
- Bisexual.
Married soldiers have gathered in the army and are talking about their wedding night. First:
- On my wedding night, my wife arranged such a holiday, in the highest class. This way and that. Where did I learn?
Second:
“And I fucked mine like that, the next day she was lying down and couldn’t walk.”
The third is Georgian:
- On the third wedding night...
- Which third, we are talking about the first.
- Don't worry, yes! On the third wedding night...
- You don’t understand, we’re talking about the first one.
- No worries, he said! On the third wedding night, my handsome young wife says: Givi, listen, get it, I want to write.
Zoo. There is an excursion past the gorilla cage. The last one is the Georgian. Suddenly he looks around, leans towards the cage and whispers:
- Givi, is that you?
The Georgian runs to the doctor, there are many patients there, but the Georgian does not pay attention and shouts:
- Doctor! I have problems with my d*ck!
- Listen! There are a lot of people here! Could you say this somehow... softer?
- Softer? OK. Doctor! I have problems with my ear!
- Here! So much better! And what's wrong with your ear??
- IT DOESN'T pee on me!
The Georgian took tests to the hospital, and when he came to find out the result, he was mistakenly told that he was pregnant.
He walks through the village, so sad, and then another Georgian shouts to him from the window:
- Hey Gogi, let’s go to Achko and play
Gogi:
- Enough, we've already finished the game.
Vakhtang and Givi met.
Vakhtang:
- I had a dream yesterday. I bought a 600 Mercedes and I’m driving it along Rustaveli Avenue, there are a lot of people standing there and everyone is waving at me, and I go past them, suddenly you jump up and wave at me more than anyone else, and I’m driving past you and don’t stop...
Givi:
- Dear, what a dream I had yesterday. I come to the Iveria restaurant, see Pugacheva there, well, I liked her and spent the evening with her in the restaurant. Then she says to me: Gogi, I love you and want you. She and I went to the room. Suddenly I answer the knock on the door, and there Rotaru rushes at me and says that he loves me and wants me. Well, you see, I’m the only one of them, I jump out onto Rustaveli Avenue. I see you driving a Mercedes, I wave to you, and like a fool you pass me by, back and forth!
