Thermostats for heating: operating principles and basics of proper installation. Optimal microclimate in the greenhouse: installation of thermostats

Thermostats are small in size, but very practical devices for controlling heat transfer in everyday life. Depending on the actual need, temperature regulators for radiators increase or reduce the volume of coolant. Agree, this is useful both for the well-being of the owners of the house/apartment and for their wallets.

For those wishing to purchase thermostats for equipping radiators, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with detailed description types of heat transfer control devices. We have presented and compared their control methods, operating principles, cost, and installation specifics. Our recommendations will help you choose the optimal variety.

We supplemented the information presented for consideration, collected and systematized for future buyers of heat regulators, with visual photo collections, diagrams, regulatory tables, and videos.

It is known that the temperature in different rooms home cannot be the same. It is also not necessary to constantly maintain one or another temperature regime.

For example, in the bedroom at night it is necessary to lower the temperature to 17-18 o C. This has a positive effect on sleep and allows you to get rid of headaches.

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The optimal temperature in the kitchen is 19 o C. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of heating equipment in the room, which generates additional heat. If the temperature in the bathroom is below 24-26 o C, then the room will feel damp. Therefore, it is important to ensure high temperature.

If the house has a children's room, then its temperature range may vary. For a child under one year old, a temperature of 23-24 o C will be required; for older children, 21-22 o C will be sufficient. In other rooms, the temperature can vary from 18 to 22 o C.

A comfortable temperature background is selected depending on the purpose of the room and partly on the time of day

At night, you can lower the air temperature in all rooms. It is not necessary to maintain a high temperature in the home if the house will be empty for some time, as well as during sunny warm days, when some electrical appliances are operating that generate heat, etc.

In these cases, setting the thermostat has a positive effect on the microclimate - the air does not overheat and does not dry out.

From the table it is clear that in living rooms in the cold season, the temperature should be 18-23 o C. landing, in the pantry are acceptable low temperatures— 12-19 o C

The thermostat solves the following problems:

• allows you to create a certain temperature regime in rooms for different purposes;
• saves boiler life, reduces the amount of consumables for system maintenance (up to 50%);
• It becomes possible to perform an emergency battery shutdown without shutting down the entire riser.

It should be remembered that using a thermostat it is impossible to increase the efficiency of the battery or increase its heat transfer. Save on consumables People with individual heating systems will be able to. Residents apartment buildings Using a thermostat, they can only regulate the temperature in the room.

Let's figure out which ones exist and how to make the right choice of equipment.

Types of thermostats and principles of operation

Thermostats are divided into three types:

• mechanical, with manual adjustment of coolant supply;
• electronic controlled by an external temperature sensor;
• semi-electronic, controlled by a thermal head with a bellows device.

The main advantage of mechanical devices is their low cost, ease of operation, clarity and consistency in work. During their operation there is no need to use additional energy sources.

The modification allows manual mode regulate the amount entering the radiator, thereby controlling the heat transfer of the batteries. The device is distinguished by high precision in adjusting the degree of heating.

A significant drawback of the design is that it does not have markings for adjustment, so the unit will have to be adjusted exclusively empirically. We will look at one of the balancing methods below.

The main elements of a mechanical type regulator are a thermostat and a thermostatic valve

A mechanical thermostat consists of the following elements:

• regulator;
• drive;
• bellows filled with gas or liquid;

Electronic thermostats - more complex designs, which is based on a programmable microprocessor. With it, you can set a certain temperature in the room by pressing several buttons on the controller. Some models are multifunctional, suitable for controlling a boiler, pump, or mixer.

Structure, principle of operation electronic device practically no different from its mechanical counterpart. Here the thermostatic element (bellows) has the shape of a cylinder, its walls are corrugated. It is filled with a substance that reacts to fluctuations in air temperature in the home.

As the temperature rises, the substance expands, resulting in pressure being generated on the walls, which promotes the movement of the rod, which automatically closes the valve. As the stem moves, the conductivity of the valve increases or decreases. If the temperature decreases, the working substance is compressed, as a result the bellows does not stretch, but the valve opens, and vice versa.

Bellows have high strength, long service life, and can withstand hundreds of thousands of compressions over several decades.

The main element of the electronic regulator is a temperature sensor. Its functions include transmitting information about the ambient temperature, as a result of which the system generates required amount heat

Electronic thermostats are conventionally divided into:

• Closed thermostats for heating radiators do not have an automatic temperature detection function, so they are adjusted manually. It is possible to adjust the temperature that will be maintained in the room and the permissible temperature fluctuations.
• Open thermostats can be programmed. For example, if the temperature drops by several degrees, the operating mode may change. It is also possible to set the response time of a particular mode and adjust the timer. Such devices are used mainly in industry.

Electronic regulators are powered by batteries or a special battery that comes with a charger. Semi-electronic regulators are ideal for domestic purposes. They come with a digital display that shows the room temperature.

The operating principle of semi-electronic devices for adjusting heat transfer by a radiator is borrowed from mechanical models, so its adjustment is carried out manually

Gas-filled and liquid thermostats

When developing a regulator, a substance in a gaseous or liquid state (for example, paraffin) can be used as a thermostatic element. Based on this, devices are divided into gas-filled and liquid.

Paraffin (liquid or gaseous) has the property of expanding under the influence of temperature. As a result, the mass presses on the stem to which the valve is connected. The rod partially blocks the pipe through which the coolant passes. Everything happens automatically

Gas-filled regulators have high term service (from 20 years). The gaseous substance allows you to more smoothly and accurately regulate the air temperature in your home. The devices come with a sensor that determines the air temperature in the home.

Gas bellows respond faster to fluctuations in room temperature. Liquid ones are distinguished by higher accuracy in transmitting internal pressure to the moving mechanism. When choosing a regulator based on a liquid or gaseous substance, they are guided by the quality and service life of the unit.

Liquid and gas regulators can be of two types:

• with built-in sensor;
• with remote

If the radiator is connected to working system heating, then the water should be drained from it. You can do this using ball valve, shut-off valve or any other device that blocks the flow of water from the common riser.

After this, open the battery valve, located in the area where water enters the system, and turn off all taps.

After the water has been removed from the battery, it must be purged to remove air. This can also be done using a Mayevsky crane

The next step is to remove the adapter. Before the procedure, the floor is covered with material that absorbs moisture well (napkins, towels, soft paper, etc.).

A thermometer is placed in the room, then the valve is turned off until it stops. In this position, the coolant will fill the radiator completely, which means that the heat transfer of the device will be maximum. After some time, it is necessary to record the resulting temperature.

Next, you need to turn the head until it stops reverse side. The temperature will begin to drop. When the thermometer shows optimal values ​​for the room, the valve begins to open until the sound of water is heard and sudden heating occurs. In this case, the rotation of the head is stopped, fixing its position.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video clearly shows how to set up a thermostat and implement it into the heating system. As an example, take the Living Eco automatic electronic controller from the Danfoss brand:

You can choose a thermostat based on your own wishes and financial capabilities. For domestic purposes, a mechanical and semi-electronic unit is ideal. Fans of smart technology may prefer functional electronic modifications. It is also possible to install devices without the involvement of specialists.

Temperature controls in individual rooms

Thanks to the Danfoss radiator thermostat, only the required amount of energy is used, and the room temperature is constantly maintained at required level. The thermostat measures the room temperature and automatically adjusts the heat supply.

It allows you to avoid overheating of premises during transitional and other periods of the year and to ensure the minimum required level of heating in rooms with periodic occupancy (system freezing protection).

Short name for radiator thermostatRTD(Danfoss Radiator Thermostat). What is a radiator thermostat?

1 - combination of room temperature sensor and water valve,

2 - independent pressure regulator (works without an additional energy source)

3 - a device that constantly maintains a set temperature.



Operating principle of a radiator thermostat:

The principle of operation is the balance between the force of the medium (in in this case: gas) and the force of the pressure spring, the magnitude of which depends on the setting of the head (to the required temperature). Thus, the amount of flow through the valve depends on the head setting and temperature external environment, which is perceived by the sensor.

If the temperature rises, the gas expands and thus closes the valve slightly. If the temperature drops, the gas is compressed accordingly, which leads to the opening of the valve and access of the coolant to the heating device.

The use of gas gives Danfoss a big advantage over other manufacturers: the low time constant, which is expressed in better use free heat through a quick response to changes in room temperature (reaction time).

Today, only Danfoss radiator thermostats use the principle of gas expansion and compression. The reason is that using gas requires very modern technology and, accordingly, high quality requirements. However, Danfoss is willing to incur additional costs in order to achieve high-quality and competitive products.

The choice of radiator thermostat depends on the following conditions:

sensor type Y valve location

valve type Y radiator size (heat demand), temperature drop across the heating element, type of heating system (1- or 2-pipe system)

Why is it necessary to use a radiator thermostat?

1 - because it allows you to save money thermal energy(15-20%), allows the use of free, “free” heat (solar radiation, additional heat from people and devices), its payback period< 2 лет.

2 - provides high level indoor comfort.

3 - ensures hydraulic balance - it is very important to create hydraulic balance in the heating system, which means supplying available thermal energy to each consumer according to his needs.

RTD thermostatic heads (20% heat saving)




Heads for radiator thermostats are manufactured in the following versions:

RTD 3100 / 3102 - standard sensor, built-in or remote, temperature range 6-26° C, limiting and fixing temperature settings.

RTD 3120 - tamper-proof sensor, built-in, temperature range 6 - 26° C, frost protection.

RTD 3150 / 3152 - sensor with maximum temperature limitation, built-in or remote, temperature range 6 - 21 ° C, frost protection, temperature setting fixation.

series RTD 3160 - element remote control, capillary tube length 2 / 5 / 8 m, maximum temperature 28 ° C with limitation and fixation of temperature settings (for radiators and convectors inaccessible to the user).

The remote sensor must be used if the built-in sensor will be affected by a draft or if it is hidden behind curtains or decorative grilles.

The thermostatic head itself is easily secured to the valve using a union nut. The head can be protected against unauthorized removal using a screw (ordered separately as an additional accessory).


Valves RTD-N and RTD-G

When Danfoss began expanding into markets outside Western Europe, then the company’s specialists carried out numerous analyzes of water quality in different countries. As a result of this experience, it became clear that poor water quality is common in heating systems in some countries. For this reason, a new series of valves has been developed for the markets of Eastern Europe- RTD series.

The materials used in the RTD remain particularly resistant to low water quality (compared to valves produced for Western European markets, we replaced all tin bronze parts with more resistant brass ones). This means that the service life of the valve is significantly increased, even in difficult conditions Ukraine. From experience we know that average term The valve service life reaches 20 years.

Type control valvesRTD-N(diameters 10-25 mm) are intended for use in two-pipe pumping systems water heating and are equipped with a device for preliminary (installation) adjustment of their throughput.

In a 2-pipe heating system, adding water beyond the design volume leads to increased heat transfer and an imbalance in the system. The valve presetting function allows the installer to limit the valve capacity so that the hydraulic resistance in all radiator circuits is the same and thus regulate the flow rate.

Simple and precise bandwidth adjustment is easily done without additional tool. The number stamped on the setting scale must be aligned with the mark located opposite the valve outlet. The valve capacity will change according to the numbers on the setting scale. In position “N” the valve is fully open.

Protection against unauthorized changes to the setting is provided by a thermostatic element installed on the valve.

Control valves with increased throughput typeRTD-G(diameters 15-25 mm) are intended for use in pump single-pipe water heating systems. They can also be used in two-pipe gravity systems. Valves have fixed capacity values ​​depending on the valve diameter.

Example of radiator thermostat calculation:

Heat demand Q = 2,000 kkal/h

temperature difference D T = 20 ° C

existing pressure loss D P = 0.05 bar

We determine the amount of flow (water flow) through the device:

Water flow G = 2,000/20 = 100 l/h

We determine the valve capacity:


Valve capacity Kv = 0.1/C 0.05 = 0.45 m3/bar



The value Kv = 0.45 m3/h means that for the RTD-N 15 mm valve you can select the preset “7” or “N”.

When choosing a radiator thermostat, it is necessary to ensure adjustment in the range from 0.5 ° C to 2 ° C for given dimensions, which will ensure good conditions regulation. In our case, it is necessary to select the preset “7” or “N”. However, if there is a danger of contaminated water in the heating system, we do not recommend using a preset lower than “3”.

Using our technical description “Radiator thermostats RTD”, you can select the valve size directly from the diagrams through the pressure loss across the valve D P, or through the flow value through the valve G. The selection of the size of the RTD-G valves (for a 1-pipe system) is carried out identically.


New construction

In new buildings we recommend the use of a 2-pipe system with RTD-N valves, with pre-adjustment to maintain hydraulic balance in the system, DN 10-25 mm, straight and angled versions.



Reconstruction

The vast majority of older buildings use a 1-pipe system, for which we recommend RTD-G valves with increased capacity (fixed capacity values ​​depending on the diameter), DN 15-25 mm, straight and angled versions.

Especially for RTD-N valves with presetting, the use of a filter is very important to prevent interference with the normal functioning of the valve.


Balancing valves ASV series

Since radiator heating systems are dynamic systems(different pressure drops due to reduced heat load), then radiator thermostats must be combined with pressure regulators (automatic balancing valves ASV-P for 2-pipe systems) and shut-off valve MV-FN.

The ASV series of regulators includes two types of automatic and manual balancing valves:

automatic valve ASV-PV - differential pressure regulator with variable setting 5 - 25 kPa

valve ASV-P - regulator with fixed setting at 10 kPa

ASV-M - manual shut-off valve

ASV-I - shut-off and metering valve with adjustable capacity

ASV ensures optimal distribution of the coolant along the risers of the heating system and the normal functioning of the latter, regardless of pressure fluctuations in the system. They also allow you to close and empty the riser. Maximum operating pressure becomes 10 kPa, maximum operating temperature 120° C.

The styrofoam packaging in which the valve is transported can be used as a heat-insulating shell at coolant temperatures up to 80° C. At maximum operating temperature coolant temperature of 120° C, a special heat-insulating shell is used, which is available upon additional order.



Automatic regulator flow rate ASV-Q

For hydraulic balancing of 1-pipe heating systems, automatic flow limiting valves ASV-Q are used - diameters 15, 20, 25 and 32 mm (setting range from 0.1-0.8 m3/hour to 0.5-2.5 m3 /hour). They are used to automatically limit the maximum value of water flow through the riser, regardless of fluctuations in pressure and coolant flow in the system and for optimal distribution coolant through the risers of the heating system

These valves are especially useful for balancing heating systems for which hydraulic performance data is not available. ASV-Q always provides the coolant flow for which the valve is set. When the system characteristics change, the controller automatically adjusts.

Installation of ASV-Q valves allows you to abandon the traditionally complex adjustment work in new construction and during the reconstruction of heating systems, including the expansion of systems without carrying out hydraulic calculations of pipelines.



Application (examples 1 - 2 pipe systems)

When reconstructing a single-pipe system without a bypass (flow-through system), it is necessary to install radiator thermostats on heat radiation sources (RTD-G and RTD heads) and install a bypass line (bypass), the cross-section of which should be one size smaller than the main pipe of the system (bypass in 1/2" for the main one in 3/4").

With the help of a bypass, the coolant flow through the heat radiation source is reduced to 35 - 30%, which also depends on the diameter of the main pipes in the system. By studying the heat transfer curve of a radiator of a single-pipe system, we are convinced that reducing the coolant flow from 100% to even 30% will lead to a decrease in the heat transfer of the radiator by only 10%.

This means that in the vast majority of cases, installing a bypass will have only a minor effect on heat transfer. In many cases, the dimensions of the heat emitter (radiator, convector) have already been selected with a margin, and therefore the heat emitters can continue to provide the required amount of heat. If the radiator is low-power, then to solve the problem you need to:

- Increase the coolant temperature

- Increase the performance of the circulation pump

- Increase heating surfaces of radiators

-Insulate the building envelope (walls)

RTD-G high flow valves are used in single pipe heating systems with circulation pumps and in two-pipe systems gravitational (gravity).

To maintain hydraulic balance in the heating system, it is necessary to install an automatic flow regulator ASV-Q on each riser, which will limit the flow through each riser. In this way, the heat will be distributed evenly across all risers, especially in the case of changing heat loads or if there is an insufficient heat supply. The ASV-M shut-off and metering valve allows you to shut off each individual riser and, if necessary, drain water from it, while simultaneously measuring the flow through the riser.

Heat emitters (radiators and convectors) can be equipped with radiator thermostats (RTD-G and RTD heads) without any restrictions. The selection of the RTD-G valve is carried out in accordance with the previous example (see also the example of the selection of RTD-G in technical description). In this case, the risers must be equipped with flow limiters ASV-Q and ASV-M shut-off and metering valves.

In the case of a 2-pipe system, heat emitters can be equipped with radiator thermostats (RTD-N and RTD sensors) without any restrictions. The selection of the RTD-N valve is carried out in accordance with the examples given above for the RTD-N. In this case, each riser should be equipped with an ASV-P pressure regulator (and an ASV-M shut-off and metering valve), which will provide a constant D P on each riser, thereby compensating for changes in the thermal load and changes in D P. Moreover, reducing the risk noise in radiator thermostats, the differential pressure regulator will thereby ensure their durability


This solves the issue of adjusting the temperature in individual rooms.

Installing meters and believing that savings have been achieved is a fallacy. Don't stop there! Having thoroughly studied the market for energy-saving equipment, one comes to the understanding that real savings begin with installation thermomiser. After all, this device should be used in every heating and hot water supply system! Thermomizer is automatic temperature controller, How hot water, and the coolant. By equipping your system with a thermomiser, you get the ability to control the climate in any room and enormous savings in hot water or coolant consumption, and as a result, money.

How does a thermomiser work?

The thermomiser consists of only two components: a regulator and electronic device management. The first component is the regulator, responsible for automatic regulation temperature of the supply water for the heating or hot water supply system. The second component of the thermomiser is an electronic device that receives data from temperature sensors located inside and outside the room, as well as at the inlet and outlet of the coolant. The received data is processed in accordance with the program algorithm, calculations are made, according to which commands are sent directly to the controller.

What can thermomisers do?

By selecting various programs, we have the opportunity to maintain the set water and coolant temperatures, the heating system schedule, adjust the temperatures of the return circuit, the coolant in the supply pipeline based on deviation from the set internal room temperature, adjustment when using a timer, separate modes for holidays, weekends and nights, and a number of other options. Thermomizers are equipped with rich functionality and saving opportunities; we just need to choose the desired model, set the required data and configure the mode.

An important detail in saving is the equipment of the device street sensor, this is especially true for spring, during sharp changes night and day temperatures. By monitoring the entire dynamics of changes, we always have the indoor temperature we need without wasting resources and money.

Which thermomiser to choose?

You should choose a thermomiser based on the existing water supply and heating system. Any thermomiser model will effectively save coolant and create the necessary microclimate in the room. Depending on the type of regulator, some thermomisers can be used in public and administrative buildings, others will be more relevant in open system hot water supply and heating, the third type of thermomisers is better applicable in closed systems with pump mixing, or as an additional option in ventilation systems and air conditioning systems. The most influential factor on the savings of a thermomiser is the type of regulator.

Our factory manufactures and supplies all the lineup the following temperature controllers:
thermomiser R-2.T, thermomiser R-7.T, thermomiser R-8.T, Teplur control device and other components of ultra-efficient energy saving equipment. You can seek advice on the selection, purchase, delivery, installation and configuration of thermomisers using the specified contacts on the product page.

How long do thermomisers last and how are they used?

In terms of service life, thermomisers are almost eternal, but the quality of the coolant has a direct bearing on the lifespan of the device. Given the realities, the thermomiser will work freely for 15-20 years. Our factory produces regulators from high-quality metals such as stainless steel, brass and cast iron, which has a positive effect on durability and uninterrupted operation devices. This gives significant advantages over imported devices - competitors made from carbon steel, produced by Danfoss, etc. The quality of the primary Russian coolant is significantly inferior to the European one, for which imported thermomisers are designed; their operation in domestic systems will be accompanied by many problems.

Thermomizers are not at all whimsical in maintenance. Basically, no Maintenance and is not required. It is enough to initially configure the regulator once. It is recommended to delegate installation to professionals.

Benefits when installing a thermomiser

Often, when the coolant passes through the circuit of the heating system, it does not cool down and has a high enough temperature to use it again. This is exactly what is done using a thermomiser. Due to recyclable coolant, we achieve significant savings. Administrative, residential and public buildings can be connected according to this scheme.

For times when we do not use the premises, for example, on weekends or holidays, we can set minimum temperature coolant on the thermomiser, which will entail a significant reduction in coolant consumption.

Thermomizers also allow you to save thermal energy in production and retail areas. For this energy you have to pay a lot of money on the meter. Just imagine what an overpayment you get for weekends, holidays, night time and other cases when the premises are not in use. For all these cases, you can configure certain modes in the thermomizer regulator and not pay extra money for excess coolant consumption.

The advantages of thermomisers are expressed not only in money; we should not forget about comfort. After all, the ability to regulate and maintain the temperature at the required level is relevant for many rooms of various buildings and areas.

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As you know, in order to efficiently heat any room, it is necessary to correctly adjust the temperature indicators so that the heating corresponds to optimally comfortable conditions and ensures a favorable microclimate in the home. Therefore, we should consider in more detail the features of such a device as a temperature controller for a heating radiator, which is designed to perform all these functions. In addition, you should understand how to regulate the temperature of the heating battery in various buildings, including private and apartment buildings.

The need to install thermostats

• saving heat produced by heating;
• maintaining a comfortable temperature in the home.

It is very important to remember that during installation it is extremely necessary to have a special jumper located directly in front of the heating device. If it is not there, then the coolant flow will not be able to be regulated through the radiator, since this will have to be done through a common riser.

Speaking of savings, this factor is relevant for those owners whose living space is equipped with an autonomous heating system, as well as for housing and communal services that use metering devices to pay for heat supplied from its producers.

Installation of temperature controllers in apartment buildings

The supply and return pipelines are equipped with special retaining washers, before and after each of which pressure-regulating sensors are located. Due to the fact that the diameter of these sensors is known, it becomes possible to calculate the flow rate of the coolant circulating through the sensors. As a result, the difference obtained between the water flow in the supply and return pipelines will reflect the volume of water consumed by residents.

Temperature sensors are designed to monitor both areas. Therefore, knowing the volume of heat consumed and what its temperature is, you can easily calculate the amount of heat that remains in the room.

To make it easier to regulate the heating operation, you need to constantly monitor the temperature.

1. Installation shut-off valve . Such a device is designed to partially shut off the pipeline system if the return temperature is higher than the set one. Represents the usual solenoid valve. Similar option will be suitable for those houses where the heating system is relatively simple and does not have a large volume of coolant.
2. Three-way valve design. This device also allows you to regulate the current flow of coolant, but it functions somewhat differently: if the water temperature exceeds the norm, it is directed through open valve into the supply line more. By mixing with cooled water, the overall temperature will decrease, and the required circulation rate will be maintained.

Installation of mechanical regulators is not particularly difficult. To install such a device, you only need to connect it to the flange in the elevator assembly. It is also important that the price of such devices is significantly lower compared to electronic mechanisms.

Installation of temperature controllers in private homes

In boilers electric type electronic sensors are used that are directly connected to installed heating elements (thermal electric heating elements) or to the voltage arising on the electrodes or on the boiler winding.

Temperature sensors for radiators

Sometimes one temperature sensor has several heating radiators. This is influenced, first of all, by the installation diagram. But it is much more common to mount the regulator on each heating device separately.

It is worth noting that in order to adjust the heating temperature, you can use not only standard devices.

Common mechanisms of this type include:

• thermostatic head. Represents automatic sensor, which controls the temperature of the coolant in the battery. The principle of its operation is as follows: during the heating process, liquid and gaseous substances expand (in more detail: ""). This, as a consequence, leads to the fact that the heated product squeezes out a special rod, thereby blocking the access of the coolant;
• devices called chokes are no less often used. They are special screw-type taps, with which you can manually regulate the flow of coolant. Their cost is more affordable, and in addition, they can be used to control two-pipe heating systems;
• The least expensive and simplest mechanism to help regulate temperature is a traditional valve. Of course, in this case you should only use modern models, and not outdated screw devices, since in old mechanisms valves very often come off, and there is also a risk of oil seals leaking. The situation is completely different with ball valves: even in a half-open position, they function reliably and efficiently over a long period of time.

In order for the design of temperature controllers to be as convenient as possible, many experts recommend that you first study various photos these devices and detailed videos according to their correct connection.

Automatic regulation is very convenient. Using a thermostat for greenhouses, you can maintain the required air temperature in the building.

Types of thermostats and their characteristics

There are many types of thermostats. To do right choice, you need to know their features. There are 3 main types.

1. Electronic thermostat. It has a liquid crystal display, which makes it possible to obtain accurate information about the status.
2. Touch devices. They are good because you can set a work program in them, which makes it possible to create different temperatures V different time days.
3. Mechanical product. Most easy installation, allowing you to control soil temperature. In this case, the temperature is set once, and then you simply adjust it. Perfect option for small greenhouses.

How to choose a thermostat

When choosing a thermostat, you should be guided by what you ultimately want to achieve. First of all, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:

• installation features;
• control method;
• appearance;
• power;
• presence or absence of additional functions.

When choosing thermostats for greenhouses Special attention It's worth paying attention to power. It must be greater than the required ground heating power. Take plenty! In this case, all work is controlled by a sensor. He can be:

• external;
• hidden.

A circuit may consist of several elements. Appearance There are different types of thermostats too. Installation can be either mounted or hidden.

Installation Features

When installing the system with your own hands, it is worth knowing that the regulator operates from sensors - light and temperature. The temperature in the building will be higher during the day and lower at night. Depending on this, heating also changes. The parameters for the thermostat are as follows:

• illumination limit - from 500 to 2600 lux;
• deviation in the power supply of the device - up to 20%;
• temperature range - from +15 to 50 degrees;

• when crossing the illumination limit, the temperature difference is up to 12 degrees;
• accuracy is about 0.4 degrees.

When installing the system yourself, you should know that the thermostat includes an adjustment unit and a temperature control unit. They can be performed using transistors. A switch allows you to vary the temperature. The relay can be combined with a heating device for the stove using contacts. The regulator may have an output relay that controls the heating.

The sensors include photoresistors and thermistors. They respond to various changes in environment. Settings can be made according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

You should set up the installation yourself, starting with calibrating the resistor scale. First, the sensors are lowered into heated water and then the temperature is determined. Next, the light sensor is calibrated. It is allowed to assemble the temperature regulator inside greenhouses. It is placed near a heating device, which can be a stove.

Thermostat review (video)

How to work with a thermostat

Thermostats, regardless of whether they are made by hand or purchased in a store, are very similar in principle of operation. Because of this, it is easy to work with them. What are the characteristics of working with the device?

• A special button helps you scroll through the menu.
• Temperature adjustment is done manually.
• You can save settings in the device's memory for quick startup.
• The use of special buttons allows you to control the operation of the boiler and stove and set heating characteristics.
• If there is a display with readings, you can find out what the heating is like at a given time.

Among other things, thermostats make it possible to control the boiler for heating the greenhouse.

1. Once power is applied to the controller, the sensors are polled for real-time information. Then the controller compares the readings and already recorded information for day or night and selects the necessary settings for the thermostat.
2. After 5 minutes, the thermostat is activated and the boiler starts working.
3. If heating is insufficient, the heater and pump begin to function. A command is given to increase the fuel supply, which increases heating.

Thermostats are multifunctional. With their help, you can heat the greenhouse and set the required temperature for the air in the building, as well as heat the soil and water.

The regulator is capable of supporting optimal conditions environment in any . Some devices turn on and work independently, which is very convenient. They are connected to the controller, heat sensors, stove and boiler. Ultimately, control temperature conditions fully possible.

Making a simple regulator with your own hands

You can make the regulator yourself using a standard household thermometer. However, it will have to be modified.

• First disassemble the device, but remember to proceed carefully.
• A hole is made in the scale, at the location of the area of ​​the required control limit. Its diameter should be less than 2.5 millimeters. A phototransistor is fixed opposite it. Sheet aluminum is taken, a corner is made in which a 2.8 mm hole is drilled. The phototransistor is glued to the socket using Moment glue.
• Below the hole, a corner is fixed so that if the temperature exceeds (during the day), the arrow does not have the opportunity to pass through the hole. This will prevent the heating from turning on when it is not needed.
• WITH outside A 9-volt light bulb is installed on the thermometer. A hole is drilled for it in the thermometer body. A lens is placed inside between the scale and the light bulb. It is needed for the device to work accurately.
• The wires from the light bulb are routed through a hole in the housing, and the wires from the phototransistor are routed through a hole in the scale. The common tourniquet is placed in a vinyl chloride tube and secured with a clamp. A 0.4 mm hole is drilled opposite the light bulb.

• In addition to the sensor, the thermostat must have a voltage stabilizer. A photo relay is also required. The stabilizer is powered from a transformer. A modified transistor of the GT109 type serves as a photocell for the photo relay. All you need to do is remove the cap from its body and break off the base terminal.
• A mechanism made from a factory-made relay is used as a load. The work in this case follows the principle of an electromagnet, where a steel armature goes inside the coil and influences the microswitch, which is fixed with 2 brackets. And the microswitch activates the electromagnetic starter, through the contacts of which the supply voltage goes to the heating device.
• The photo relay along with the power subunits is placed in a housing made of insulating material. A thermometer is attached to it on a special rod. There is a neon light on the front side (it will signal the start of work heating elements) and toggle switch.
• In order for the regulator to work accurately, it is necessary to achieve a clear focus of the light emanating from the light bulb onto the photocell.

How to make a thermostat with your own hands (video)

Thus, despite the complexity of the work, installing a thermostat significantly simplifies maintenance. Crops that receive an optimal microclimate develop better, which means the harvest will be significantly larger.