Dry pipe fire extinguishing system

The installation of a fire extinguishing system involves the installation of special equipment. Among the actively used systems, the dry pipe system is considered the most effective. Its key element is a dry pipe - a pipeline located around the perimeter of the room and filled with a fire extinguishing agent. What is a fire dry pipe, what are the features of the system and in what areas is it most widespread, we will consider below.

Scope of application

Installations with dry-pipe working systems are indispensable at sites where the risk of fire is increased.

They are required to be installed:

in reactor and cable rooms;
when installing transformers;
in timber processing and pulp mills;
at enterprises producing household chemicals;
when arranging monitor towers;
in paint and varnish production;
when arranging sports complexes and cultural institutions;
on stairwells of buildings with V degree of fire resistance.

A dry pipe is also an integral element in the arrangement of Finnish baths.

In small rooms, flammable gases accumulate as the temperature rises. And the combustion process can begin even without oxygen. To prevent a fire and even an explosion that may occur when the door is opened, it is necessary to first reduce the temperature and only then proceed to subsequent actions. This task is performed by a dry pipe for a sauna. When the system is put into operation, it cools the sauna by spraying water on the walls and ceiling, allowing you to freely enter it and complete the extinguishing process.

A properly designed and installed dry pipe can effectively cope with a fire of any complexity.

Advantages of dry pipes

Extinguishing fires using a dry pipe system is based on rapid cooling of combustion zones. The main advantages of the system are:

Easy to install and unpretentious in operation. Repair of individual components will not disrupt the operation of the installation.
Due to the use of dry pipes, the working part of the system can be installed in unheated rooms and operated at temperatures below 0°C.
Affordable cost of both executive units and main components.
High efficiency of fire extinguishing, which is achieved through prompt response to the source of fire.

The irrigation zone of a dry pipe system covers the entire area, thereby preventing not only the spread of fire, but also combustion products.

Design features

The name of the installation speaks for itself. Its working part is made of pipes not filled with water. According to fire safety requirements, the diameter of the installation pipes for public buildings should be 65 mm, and for high-rise buildings - 80 mm.

Dry pipes are installed around the perimeter of the rooms, placing them above door and window openings.

A dry pipe fire riser consists of a vertical pipeline equipped with fire dampers located on all floors of the building.

The number of shut-off devices is determined by the length of the pipeline and the area of the room. The material for the manufacture of fire-fighting installation pipes is steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating.

The lower end of the fire dry pipe is connected through an external valve to a water supply system equipped with a pump or a water container. In case of fire, a fire hose is connected through the connecting head at a height of 1.35 m, through which water flows from a hydrant or fire truck.

Deployment using dry pipes makes it possible to extinguish in two directions: inside a burning room and protecting adjacent rooms from the spread of fire.

Types of dry pipe installations

There are two types of dry pipe fire extinguishing systems: deluge and sprinkler.

Deluge systems

The system received its name due to the use of deluges - special spray nozzles located in the network of irrigation pipelines.

Depending on the shape of the spray nozzle, they can be designed for extinguishing with foam or finely sprayed water.

Irrigation heads can have a reflective plane, which allows the formation of a stream of finely dispersed water. This design solution allows you to reduce water consumption when extinguishing a fire and minimize the destructive effects of moisture on material assets located in the room.

Despite the variety of design options, drenchers are united by the fact that they do not have a heat lock.

The dry-pipe deluge installation is activated by a built-in fire alarm system that responds to temperature rise, smoke and fire detectors. After the alarm is triggered, sprayed jets of water, forming water curtains using a fire extinguishing mixture, isolate the burning room, preventing the spread of toxic combustion products.

When installing a dry pipe, you can change one of three options for the incentive mechanism:

Electrical - if there is a deviation from the norm, the fire alarm signal transmits a primary impulse, activating the water supply.
Cable - driven by a cable stretched in the area of probable fire, equipped with fusible locks. If the line breaks, the electric drive opens the valve to allow water to enter.
Hydraulic - the thermal lock opens under the influence of high temperatures. A drop in pressure in the system is a signal to supply water.

Sprinkler devices

The operating principle of a dry pipe sprinkler system is similar to how deluge units work.

The only difference between the systems is that in sprinkler systems there is gas in the incentive pipeline.

The main advantage of a sprinkler system is that it only supplies water to the fire area. But in comparison with deluge installations, its response time to fire is slightly longer.

Irrigation nozzles used in the installation of a sprinkler system are equipped with fuses that prevent the release of gas located in the cavity of the pipe.

The role of the actuator of this type of dry pipe system is performed by a water alarm valve. In the event of a fire, the fusible lock is destroyed by temperature, and sprinklers located in the area of the fire release the gas. As soon as the pressure in the pipeline reaches a critical value, the valve opens the water supply.

By using a dry pipe, correctly calculating the fire extinguishing system and correctly installing it, you can ensure a high level of reliability of fire protection.

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Scope of application

Installations with dry-pipe working systems are indispensable at sites where the risk of fire is increased.

They are required to be installed:

in reactor and cable rooms;
when installing transformers;
in timber processing and pulp mills;
at enterprises producing household chemicals;
when arranging monitor towers;
in paint and varnish production;
when arranging sports complexes and cultural institutions;
on stairwells of buildings with V degree of fire resistance.

A dry pipe is also an integral element in the arrangement of Finnish baths.

A properly designed and installed dry pipe can effectively cope with a fire of any complexity.

Advantages of dry pipes

Extinguishing fires using a dry pipe system is based on rapid cooling of combustion zones. The main advantages of the system are:

Easy to install and unpretentious in operation. Repair of individual components will not disrupt the operation of the installation.
Due to the use of dry pipes, the working part of the system can be installed in unheated rooms and operated at temperatures below 0°C.
Affordable cost of both executive units and main components.
High efficiency of fire extinguishing, which is achieved through prompt response to the source of fire.

The irrigation zone of a dry pipe system covers the entire area, thereby preventing not only the spread of fire, but also combustion products.

Design features

Dry pipes are installed around the perimeter of the rooms, placing them above door and window openings.

A dry pipe fire riser consists of a vertical pipeline equipped with fire dampers located on all floors of the building.

Deployment using dry pipes makes it possible to extinguish in two directions: inside a burning room and protecting adjacent rooms from the spread of fire.

There are two types of dry pipe fire extinguishing systems: deluge and sprinkler.

Deluge systems

The system received its name due to the use of deluges - special spray nozzles located in the network of irrigation pipelines.

Depending on the shape of the spray nozzle, they can be designed for extinguishing with foam or finely sprayed water.

Despite the variety of design options, drenchers are united by the fact that they do not have a heat lock.

When installing a dry pipe, you can change one of three options for the incentive mechanism:

Electrical - if there is a deviation from the norm, the fire alarm signal transmits a primary impulse, activating the water supply.
Cable - driven by a cable stretched in the area of probable fire, equipped with fusible locks. If the line breaks, the electric drive opens the valve to allow water to enter.
Hydraulic - the thermal lock opens under the influence of high temperatures. A drop in pressure in the system is a signal to supply water.

Sprinkler devices

The operating principle of a dry pipe sprinkler system is similar to how deluge units work.

The only difference between the systems is that in sprinkler systems there is gas in the incentive pipeline.

The main advantage of a sprinkler system is that it only supplies water to the fire area. But in comparison with deluge installations, its response time to fire is slightly longer.

Irrigation nozzles used in the installation of a sprinkler system are equipped with fuses that prevent the release of gas located in the cavity of the pipe.

By using a dry pipe, correctly calculating the fire extinguishing system and correctly installing it, you can ensure a high level of reliability of fire protection.

Fire requirements for baths and saunas
PB of a free-standing bathhouse
PB saunas inside the house
How to protect a bathhouse from fire

The basic fire safety requirements for saunas and baths are described in SNiP 05/31/2003, as well as SP 118.13330.2012. The essence of the measures is to ensure the safe operation of premises and reduce the likelihood of spontaneous combustion. Fire safety requirements for saunas include the use of fire retardants and structural protection.

Fire safety rules and measures in bathhouses and saunas are taken into account at the design and construction stage of the building. Before starting work, the following must be taken into account:

Fire safety requirements for bathhouses make it possible to equip buildings with fire resistance levels of 1, 2, 3 for these premises. In this case, the fire hazard coefficient of load-bearing structures is allowed to be no higher than C0 and C1.
Fireproof materials used for baths must have a fire resistance index of EI-45, EI-60. It is allowed to use type 1 fire partitions and type 3 ceilings. Using fireproof insulation (basalt and other mineral wool) they protect all heated surfaces and also insulate the chimney.
Fire regulations establish the need to design a separate emergency exit for steam rooms in public buildings.
The volume of the steam room cannot be less than 8 m³, the maximum area is 24 m³. Minimum ceiling height 1.9 m.
To protect the bathhouse from fire, fire-retardant impregnations and paints are used. Application of compounds to wooden structures is a mandatory requirement. You can also protect walls from fire with the help of indentations and cuts.
A metal sheet on the wall with a distance provided for the air gap at the installation site of the stove and the passage of the chimney in the case of a steam room lined with wood is one of the most effective measures.
The installation of a chimney in a bathhouse is carried out in compliance with fire protection measures. It is mandatory to use interfloor cutting, as well as thermal insulation of the chimney when passing through the roof and floor slabs.
Fire safety requirements of SNiP for saunas limit the use of electric heaters. The maximum power of the device cannot exceed 15 kW. It is not permissible to install an electric furnace that does not correspond to the volume of the steam room.
A metal shield must be installed directly above a conventional and electric heater. Walls and ceilings are also protected.
Fire safety standards during the construction of a bathhouse require the installation of notification and alarm systems that warn of fire in the steam room and in the locker room.

It is quite problematic to build a bathhouse without violations, but it is even more difficult to ensure the safe operation of the premises in the future.

Fire safety in a Russian bathhouse must be observed during the construction stages. Visiting the steam room should also remain safe. To do this, you will need to follow several recommendations related to both the operation and measures to protect the building.

According to fire safety, a wooden bathhouse should be located 10-15 m from a residential building. This distance may vary depending on the degree of fire resistance of the building. Gaps from the bathhouse to the house according to fire safety standards are described in table No. 11, Federal Law No. 123. If both buildings are built of brick, the maximum distance can be reduced to 6 meters.
The distance between a residential building and a bathhouse reduces the likelihood of a fire spreading.
When installing a metal stove, care should be taken to reliably protect the walls with screens. When installing equipment on a wooden floor, it is necessary to create a fire-resistant layer. It is made from asbestos sheet covered with iron.
Fire protection of the wall near the firebox also requires the creation of a thermal insulation layer. Some owners make cladding with refractory bricks, others insulate the walls from the stove with mineral insulation and then install a metal sheet.
Backfilling the attic space is mainly done with peat and sawdust. According to SNiP, it is necessary to install a vertical groove at the point where the chimney passes. As a rule, additional horizontal dividing fencing will be required.
According to SNT standards, a brick chimney on the roof must be whitewashed. Mandatory whitewashing is aimed at quickly detecting cracks and splits. Due to violations in the sealing of the chimney, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur.
The installation of a chimney in a two-story bathhouse requires mandatory insulation of the heating surface. You will also need to decorate the walls in the bathhouse with fire-resistant materials along the entire path of the chimney. Inspection hatches must be provided for pipe cleaning. It is not allowed to connect two stoves to one pipe at the same time.
The technology of the fire-prevention cutting device is described in the PPB. The thickness is at least 12 cm. If it is planned that the degree of heating of the oven will exceed 100°C, the layer is increased to 25 cm with the obligatory laying of felt fabric.
The ceiling in the bathhouse is made of materials that are difficult to ignite. In most cases, wooden moisture-resistant panels impregnated with fire retardant compounds are used.
The fire safety of a log bath is ensured by the mandatory use of fire-retardant impregnations and compounds. Re-processing of wooden structures is required at least once every 2 years.
For exterior finishing it is recommended to use non-combustible materials. Fireproof cladding of the external walls of the bathhouse can be made using decorative bricks and corrugated sheets. If a decision is made to use natural wood, technical regulations require it to be treated with fire protection.

In addition to the PPB, during construction you will need to observe safety measures while in an individual bathhouse. These include:

Before firing, it is necessary to check the draft. If there is no draft, you can create the necessary pressure by burning a small amount of dry wood chips and sawdust. Under no circumstances should you start heating without draft.
Regular maintenance of baths is required. It includes a visual inspection of the smoke removal system, the integrity of the stove itself, as well as cleaning the chimney.
Extinguishing fires in saunas and baths often becomes necessary due to simple negligence or as a result of oversight. Cracks in the stove can cause embers to fall out or sparks to burn.

PPB, as well as MGSN 4.-04-94, talk about safety measures during the operation of baths.

Although there are no rules requiring the installation of an alarm system for a private steam room, a fire extinguishing device in the bathhouse significantly increases the safety of being in it.

The construction of a commercial bathhouse or bathhouse complexes cannot be accomplished without the mandatory approval of projects by representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. According to statistics, among all public buildings, fires most often occur in theaters and saunas (baths). It is not surprising that these premises are subject to increased safety requirements.

The structural fire hazard class of a bathhouse is determined by the type of materials used during construction; the fire resistance of the main building is also taken into account.

Fire safety requirements for the construction of a public sauna or bathhouse include the following:

Preventing wood fires. Wood burns both due to direct exposure to fire and as a result of pyrolysis. When heated to the required temperature, spontaneous combustion occurs. In public steam rooms and baths, all wooden structures must be treated with special impregnations and compounds that increase fire resistance.
Baths in the basement must be equipped with natural and forced ventilation systems.
When installing an electric stove or wood-burning heater, it is necessary to maintain air gaps and accurately maintain the distance to combustible surfaces.
Insulation of chimneys and fire-retardant boards for wooden walls in a bathhouse must withstand exposure to fire for 45-60 minutes.
A ban on the construction of a bathhouse may occur in the case of designing a steam room in adjacent rooms with preschool and educational institutions, in the basements of a building with a total crowd of more than 100 people.

The requirements for bathhouses inside your home are a bit like those that apply to a public bathhouse. The steam room must be fenced with fire-resistant partitions, floor slabs and walls.

Fire extinguishing system in sauna and bathhouse

Industrial safety requirements regulate the installation of alarm and fire extinguishing systems in public steam rooms. Since the air in an infrared sauna does not heat up, safety regulations require the use of proper wiring and mandatory grounding.

For electric heaters, it is recommended to use air heating sensors that react to rapid temperature changes and, in case of danger, turn off the power supply. In addition to automatic circuit breakers and RCDs, this measure is more than enough to prevent a fire in the event of a short circuit.

How to protect a bathhouse from fire

An owner building a steam room on his own will have to take into account many mandatory questions: where to place the bathhouse on the site, what heat-insulating fireproof building materials to use, how to ensure the necessary fire resistance.

The most frequently asked questions are:

Which thermal insulation provides maximum fire protection? Mineralite or basalt slab. The production process involves melting rock at a temperature of 1500 degrees. Plates and windings made of basalt fibers are able to withstand prolonged heating up to 800 degrees. As a result of these properties, fire-fighting materials for the wall near a metal sauna stove and chimney insulation are made on the basis of basalt or mineralite insulation.
To install the pipe in a fire-safe manner, you will also need to use basalt or mineralite insulation where the floor and roof slabs pass.
How to make a vertical cut. The fireproof ceiling between floors in the bathhouse is made as follows. A vertical groove is made where the pipe passes. It is covered with expanded clay with additional insulation of the heating parts of the chimney.
How often should fire retardant treatment be carried out? All wooden surfaces must be exposed at least once every two years. You can check the condition of the protective layer by testing the sample with fire. Light a match, bring a sliver of wood, if after the match goes out the sliver continues to burn, then the existing fire protection is not enough.

The fire safety of sauna chimneys is ensured by a set of structural measures and the use of additional insulation of heating surfaces.

fire safety standards

Plastic plates and signs are made of matte two-layer foamed PVC with a thickness of 2-3 mm. The material has low weight and high rigidity, which allows it to be ideal replacement for stickers. Unlike them, the sign does not follow the unevenness of the wall and can be attached to it pointwise in several places using double-sided tape or glue and can be easily removed from it without damaging the surface. In addition, signs can be easily attached with self-tapping screws.

If necessary, plates and signs can also be made of plastic of any thickness from 1 to 5 mm.

Light fastness and moisture resistance

The lightfastness of the paint is at least 5 years Depending on the intensity of solar radiation, the moisture resistance of the paint and material, it is possible to use the signs outdoors without additional protective equipment. For more information about the material and printing method, see the section PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

Safety

The material is fireproof (belongs to self-extinguishing materials). The material and paints are certified for indoor use.

FASTENING

Double sided tape

Due to its light weight, the material is firmly held on a flat surface using double-sided tape. There are different types of tape for different surfaces. If necessary, you can purchase the required amount of tape along with your order or separately. We can send a description of the tape to your email.

Self-tapping screws

When fastened with self-tapping screws, the material does not crack, and there is no need to pre-drill holes to attach the sign.

Universal polymer waterproof adhesive for PVC

The adhesive is suitable for quickly gluing PVC and foam to any surface.

You can buy "TAIFUN" glue in the section "Related products". Click .

Good day to all regular readers of our site and colleagues! The topic of our article today is regulatory paint colors for pipelines. The purpose of the topic is how to accurately determine the color in which the pipeline of various systems should be painted, depending on the purpose of this pipeline.

The list of engineering systems of buildings and structures quite often includes systems such as fire water supply, deluge or sprinkler fire extinguishing systems, gas or aerosol fire extinguishing systems. The listed systems include pipelines supplying fire extinguishing agents to the location of the fire. Pipelines are often located under the ceiling, often in the space behind the ceiling, and it would be impossible to determine which pipe in the mass of the pipeline from which system if the pipes were not marked. These same pipelines must be painted in signal colors, defined by GOST, so that it can be determined in advance in which pipe what substance is located - water, gas, compressed air or a pipe - just a dry pipe. Specific regulatory colors for pipeline painting are provided for in GOST 14202-69 “Pipelines of industrial enterprises. Identification markings, warning signs and markings.” You can download the document in its entirety on our website in the regulatory library, as usual, free of charge and without any SMS, simply by following the link. The document is valid, although it has been put into effect since 1971, i.e. Even during the Soviet Union, a reference to this GOST exists in the list of regulatory references in codes of practice (in particular SP5.13130-2009), and fire inspectors often pay attention to the implementation of this document.

The essence of GOST requirements is the standard colors for pipeline painting, warning signs, and pipeline marking panels. GOST establishes the following ten enlarged groups of substances and color colors, depending on these substances:

Water – green
Steam - red
Air - blue
yellow
Flammable gases (including liquefied gases) – yellow
Acids – orange
Alkalis – violet
Flammable liquids – brown
Non-flammable liquids – brown
Other substances – grey

In addition to the fact that the standard colors for painting pipelines have been determined, to indicate the substances in pipelines that are the most dangerous in terms of their effects on humans, the following color rings and the following colors are additionally applied to the pipeline:

Flammability, fire and explosion hazard – red
Danger or harmfulness (poisonous, toxic, choking, burns, radioactive, high pressure or deep vacuum) – yellow
Security or neutrality – green

The number of applied rings is limited from one to three, depending on the degree of danger of the substance (the more harmful, the more rings). In addition, in some cases specified by GOST, the pipeline is additionally marked with triangular warning signs and marking panels.

There are ready-made pipeline overlays available for sale that are convenient to use for marking purposes in the following form, which actually does not exclude, but rather complements, the standard colors of pipeline painting:

In addition, paragraph 5 of the cited GOST 14202-69 reads verbatim as follows:

5. Fire-fighting pipelines, regardless of their contents (water, foam, steam for fire extinguishing, etc.), sprinkler and deluge systems in areas of shut-off and control valves and in places of connection of hoses and other fire extinguishing devices must be painted red ( signal).

Pay special attention to the form of the above standard, since many installation companies, without carefully reading the paragraph above, simply paint the entire pipe red, since the pipeline is part of the fire protection systems. This is not correct - the red color is only in the areas of shut-off valves and fire hose connections. In other places, the standard colors for painting the pipeline, in accordance with GOST, are given above.

This concludes the article “regulatory colors for pipeline painting.” I will be glad if in this article you learned some useful information for yourself. I permit you to copy an article for posting on other resources on the Internet only if you keep all the links listed below to our website. I suggest you read other articles on our blog using the links:

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Automatic fire extinguishing systems - overview of options