Standard sizes of brick bricks. What is the size of red brick - consider the standards Types of brick, its characteristics and areas of use

Brick is a product intended for the construction of objects of any complexity and number of storeys. Standards for bricks, including those regarding dimensions, were introduced in 1927, and have not changed regarding geometry. The pre-known size of the red brick allows design work to be carried out with a high degree of accuracy. This applies to such parameters of a construction project as weight, volume, area, overall dimensions. The table below shows the reference dimensional values ​​and unit weight of red ceramic bricks for different needs:

The basic rule in the production of bricks is to maintain the aspect ratio, which for all building blocks looks like 1:1 / 2:4. This parameter is optimal when laying blocks both longitudinally and transversely.

In individual construction, single bricks are most often used, and the consumption of blocks per 1 m 3 of masonry will be ≤ 513 pieces. GOST 530-2012 regulates the dimensions of single red brick in mm:

1. Block length – 250 mm;
2. Product width – 120 mm;
3. Height – 65 mm.

Also, in addition to single, brick can be one-and-a-half or double.

One-and-a-half products are consumed in the amount of 318 units per 1 m 3, and have the following geometric dimensions:

1. Block length – 250 mm;
2. Product width – 120 mm;
3. Height – 88 mm.

Double brick differs only in height - it is 138 mm versus 80 and 88 mm.

Increased block dimensions mean increased weight, which negatively affects the load-bearing capacity of the building and its foundation. Therefore, in order to reduce the total mass of the object, the brick is made hollow.

Raw materials for bricks are molded and fired in high-temperature chambers, and the margin of size on all sides should be 8-9% larger, since during firing the product shrinks and becomes compliant with GOST. Errors on all sides are allowed: length ≤ 4 mm, width ≤ 3 mm, height ≤ 3 mm. Nonlinearity along the spoon ≤ 4 mm, along the bed ≤ 3 mm.

Varieties of bricks and standardization of sizes

Types of building bricks: facing, red and silicate. The classification of red ceramic bricks is shown in more detail in the table above.

Red brick - fireproof or facing - has universal parameters, since it can be used from building a foundation to erecting fences. The basis for the production of such products is clay briquettes, pressed into a certain shape and fired. Dimensions and other parameters are regulated in GOST 530-2007, with the following size requirements:

1. Standard red brick size – 250 x 120 x 65 mm;
2. Thickened brick – 250 x 120 x 88 mm;
3. Double building block – 250 x 120 x 138 mm.

Custom format:

1. 0.7 NF with dimensions 250 x 85 x 65 mm;
2. 1.3 NF with block dimensions 288 x 138 x 65 mm.

The Euro standard is used for finishing work.

Facing ceramic blocks

Standard size facing bricks are used mainly for decorating building facades. The dimensions of such blocks are brought to a single standard according to GOST 530-2012. Based on the material of manufacture, such blocks are as follows:

• Clinker brick;
• Ceramic brick;
• Hyperpressed building blocks;
• Silicate brick.

The main area of ​​application of clinker products is the decoration of one or another building surface, for example, finishing the facade, fence posts, window and door openings at the entrance to the house, the construction of arches and other curved surfaces. The surface of such blocks is dense and smooth, the blocks have high noise insulation properties, have high frost resistance, do not absorb moisture, although they “breathe”, and have a high thermal conductivity coefficient. Clinker blocks can be produced with a glazed surface, in different colors, with a glossy or matte surface. Operational parameters allow the brick to maintain its original appearance for many decades.

Facing clinker

Clinker facing bricks have the highest frost resistance - up to one hundred freezing and thawing cycles. In addition, clinker brick does not react to changes in external temperatures, which helps maintain its original appearance throughout its entire service life.

Facing ceramic hyperpressed brick

Hyperpressed building blocks are formed from lime-cement mortar; semi-dry hyperpressure technology is used during molding, after which the products are treated with hot steam under pressure. Blocks are used to decorate the facades of construction projects, openings and arches. The types of hyperpressed bricks are as follows:

1. With a smooth surface;
2. Spoon brick;
3. Curly blocks;
4. Corner blocks (for marking the corners of buildings).

The size of hyperpressed smooth and figured bricks is 250 x 120 x 65 mm. Spoon brick has a standard size of 250 x 85 x 65 mm, corner and narrow tray blocks are produced with dimensions 250 x 60 x 56 mm.

Sand-lime brick for cladding external surfaces

This is an environmentally friendly and safe product with outstanding frost resistance characteristics. Products are produced in a wide range of colors and have uniform deep coloring on all sides. Such blocks should not be placed in areas in contact with the soil, as they quickly absorb moisture. Salt stains appear on the surface, and the brick itself deteriorates over time, being constantly in a moist state.

Custom size

The line of facing building blocks includes not only products brought to a single standard. Non-standard size bricks for various purposes are found and used very often, but since such blocks are produced in a non-industrial manner, in limited series, the cost of the products will be much higher than standard products.

Non-standard building blocks are intended mainly for non-standard work: restoration of buildings, implementation of original design, highlighting some architectural solutions. The dimensions of non-standard single finishing blocks are as follows: 210 x 100 x 50 mm, 210 x 100 x 60 mm, 240 x 115 x 52 mm.

European standard for bricks

For all countries of the European Union, standards have been developed that differ from Russian GOST 530-2007 and GOST 530-2012. European sizes for building blocks are designated RF. Standard brick is marked NF, thin brick is marked DF. According to European standards, the series of blocks can be as follows:

1. DF – block geometric dimensions 240 x 115 x 52 mm;
2. 2DF – 240 x 115 x 113 mm;
3. WDF – 210 x 100 x 65 mm;
4. RF – 240 x 115 x 61 mm;
5. NF – 240 x 115 x 71 mm;
6. WF – 210 x 100 x 50 mm.

It is important to know the size of the brick, at least so that during the construction process you do not have to fuss with excess material or, conversely, buy more. The publication's experts bring you up to date: how to figure out the size of a brick if the mysterious markings don't tell you anything even after talking with a consultant.

Brick size: scope of application of different types

Scope of application:

• laying the foundation;
• construction of walls (load-bearing, including);
• construction of basement floors;
• façade cladding;
• construction of brick partitions;
• construction of stairs;
• laying fireplaces and stoves;
• arrangement of basements.

The main groups of bricks, depending on the material of manufacture:

• white silicate;
• ordinary red;
• facing;
• ceramic.

Ordinary ordinary brick differs from facing brick:

• structure;
• frost resistance and moisture resistance;
• appearance;
• at a price.

The geometric dimensions of the brick are also very important. When alternating transverse and longitudinal stones, thanks to these parameters, masonry can be done rationally, taking into account the need for dressing.

Brick size standard:

• single;
• one and a half;
• double;
• eurobrick;
• modular.

By form:

• hollow (slotted);
• full-bodied;
• porous.

The dimensions of a standard brick are determined based on the type of brick. The main parameters are (according to GOST):

1. width;
2. height;
3. length.

How many bricks are needed for 1 m2 of masonry is determined by the usual calculation, taking these dimensions as a basis. When determining how many bricks are in a cube (1m3) (according to GOST), the dimensions of the working brick should be 25 cm (length), 12 cm (width), 6 cm (height). According to calculation: single bricks - 513, one-and-a-half bricks - 379, double bricks - 242.

Note that the dimensions of single and one-and-a-half bricks differ by 23 mm, but in weight they (if solid) are almost the same.

The bricks produced are classified according to certain grades. This concept implies the strength of the brick to load and deformation, as well as frost resistance. Today, according to GOST, eight strength grades are known from M50, M75 to M200, M250, M300.

Clinker bricks are produced with strengths of both M500 and M1000. The most popular are M100, M125, M150. M100 is considered ideal for the construction of a private house, and M150 for a high-rise house. Also, a single brick is marked by size - 1-NF, double - 2-NF.

During production, different technologies are used, focusing on territorial features, therefore the types and sizes, its characteristics and technical indicators will differ from each other.

The following indicators are considered:

1. thickness;
2. dimensions;
3. thermal conductivity;
4. thermotechnical features.

Brick color

Obviously, the color of the future house directly depends on the color of the brick. Depending on the clay used in the manufacture, the brick can be white, yellow, or red. The most popular is red brick.

IMPORTANT! In addition to ordinary single bricks with dimensions of 250x120x65 mm, thickened bricks (one and a half) with dimensions of 250x120x88 mm are also used. It features a wider butt edge, but the length and width remain identical.

Masonry bricks have unusual names for the sides: the small one is “poke”, the large one is “bed”, the middle one is “spoon”.

Types of bricks offered

Model	Description
	It is divided into: solid, used for laying walls of buildings, pillars, columns, laying chimneys and stoves; hollow, which is used for constructing partitions, filling frames, and additional external walls; facing (“front”, “facade”), which is used for cladding buildings.
	The speed of laying is ensured by protrusions on one side and rounded recesses and recesses on the reverse. Used for the construction of partitions, load-bearing walls, cladding, masonry of decorative columns and support pillars.
	It is divided into types: porous, thermally efficient, cement-sand, ceramic, diatomite foam. Hollow is used for load-bearing walls and internal partitions. There are different block sizes. One-and-a-half slotted ones are suitable for main walls, single slotted ones are suitable for lightweight construction, and double slotted ones are indispensable for large-scale construction.
Brick loaf	Produced by a brick factory in Makhachkala. Characteristics: red, double, full-bodied, backfill, weight up to 7 kg. Used in the construction of frames, load-bearing walls, supports, dimensions - 250x120x65 mm.
	Attention is paid to the following parameters: bricks must be of the same shape and size; surface – smooth, without chips or cracks; the color is rich and uniform. Typically, full-bodied red is used for the base, which may be burnt. Used: clinker, acid-resistant ceramic, red clay, silicate.
	For external decoration of buildings, narrow facing is used. The application is purely decorative. Often used for finishing small objects, for example, interior wall cladding and fireplaces.
	English is presented in yellow, red-brown, black and blue, and can be variegated or uniform. The old method of producing handmade bricks (available at IBSTOCK factories) is based on hammering a lump of clay directly into a wooden mold. Usually used for finishing work.
	Italian can be whole or half (there is also a spil). Stylish and sophisticated in appearance, it allows masonry to be carried out with displacement of elements to different depths.
	Rough (worker, ordinary) is used for the construction of partitions and walls that require subsequent plastering, putty, painting or cladding. Used for the construction of basements and foundations.
	Used to build walls.
	Used to create an original interior. Ideal for laying window and door openings, circular and bay windows, for all structures with arched elements, including arches.
	Clay, chopped straw, water and additives that regulate mechanical properties are used for production. Area of ​​application: southern regions with a hot and dry climate. Often used in rural areas when constructing outbuildings.
	For the construction of partitions in buildings, hollow or porous ones are used.
	Refers to a finishing building material, used for decorating architectural elements of building facades, internal cladding works, and street barriers. Features - the presence of a cut on one of the corners.
	The tile is elongated in shape, reminiscent of a brick, the chamfers (facets) are beveled, which gives a convex appearance. Used as a finishing material for loggias, bathrooms, public spaces - beauty salons, restaurants, cafes.
	In the form of backfill (rubble) brick there is a red ceramic stone, the appearance of which has disadvantages, namely: chips, roughness, oblique edges, heterogeneity of texture and color. Used as a simple working material.
	Scope of application of torn stone: cladding of fireplaces, facades, plinths, pillars and other surfaces. It is made by decorative pecking (one of the sides), which protrudes the front side and gives it a torn texture.
	The method for producing ceramic red brick is firing clay at high temperatures with the addition of plasticizers and fixatives of natural origin. This is the most environmentally friendly and warm material. Used in the construction of residential buildings.
	Able to withstand the effects of acids. Used in industrial enterprises to protect equipment in contact with aggressive substances. They are used in the construction of gas ducts, chimneys, gutters, towers, and tanks.
	They are used in the construction of cottage and multi-storey houses, gazebos, arches, fences, for interior decoration, and in the reconstruction of small architectural forms and buildings. There are 23 colors.
Fireproof (heat resistant)	Used for the construction of objects that are maximally exposed to elevated temperatures or open fire (fireplaces, chimneys). There are: fireclay, carbon, quartz, basic. The weight of fireclay is heavier than that of construction, with the same dimensions. The most famous manufacturer is Vitebsk.
	Used for the construction of furnaces. Types: oven red and oven face.
	Refers to fireproof. It is used in the construction of melting pots and furnaces in civil, residential and industrial construction. Withstands ultra-high temperatures over 1000°C.
	An excellent decorative facing stone, developed using vibration pressing technology. Available in a wide range of colors. For its production, elite grades of cement, plasticizers, and fine sifted sand are used.
	For façade cladding, a facing cladding is used, subdivided into: clinker, ceramic, silicate; hyperpressed (concrete).
	Brick-ceramic building blocks. Suitable for different types of wall laying in one row or more: main and non-main, external and internal, filling spaces between walls, laying partitions.

• Advantages of block bricks over conventional ones:

1. ease of operation due to the large dimensions of the blocks;
2. strength;
3. fire resistance;
4. environmental friendliness;
5. coefficient of thermal conductivity;
6. flexibility in finishing and decoration.

• Aerated concrete:

1. durability;
2. low thermal conductivity coefficient;
3. environmental friendliness;
4. high fire resistance;
5. efficiency.

• Cinder block:

1. inexpensive to purchase;
2. speed of laying;
3. strength.

• Foam concrete:

1. efficiency;
2. comfort at home;
3. high heat and sound insulation properties.

• Gas silicate:

1. construction is possible without further insulation;
2. high environmental friendliness;
3. strength;
4. good sound insulation;
5. low cost.

• Offered in blocks:

1. thermal insulation;
2. thermal insulation and structural;
3. structural.

• Brick is also offered:

1. size 250x120x60 mm made of soapstone;
2. size 250x120x38 mm - Kashira construction slotted brick;
3. 190x90x70 mm - decorative modular, gives the facade of the house a “techno-style”.

IMPORTANT! Soapstone is a rock formed from soft minerals. This is a polished stone that resembles marble.

Red (ceramic) brick size

Sand-lime brick size

Dimensions of facing bricks

Ceramic brick size

Fireclay brick size

Solid brick size

Hollow brick dimensions

Red brick is a building material with excellent characteristics. It is characterized by such properties as strength and long service life. It began to be used in the field of construction 4000 years ago. During the development of standard brick production, the appearance of the product, its shape, and size will constantly change.

Thanks to such a long history, today red brick is presented in a wide range on the construction market, which includes about 15,000 types. Each of them differs in its texture and color. All varieties of red brick are classified into certain conventional categories, which determine the composition, structure, color and purpose.

Description of standard red brick

To make the usual presented product, clay mixed with water is used, which is then fired. As a result, the sample is exposed to high temperatures, which contribute to the formation of irreversible chemical processes.

The photo shows the dimensions of the red brick

When purchasing this product, you need to pay attention not only to the quality characteristics, but also to the type and dimensions of the red brick. Thanks to all these indicators, it acquires various properties that influence its performance.

You can find out how much a brick for a plinth costs from this

In addition to its attractiveness, the presented product has a long service life and durability. As a result, it is possible to achieve the safety of the erected buildings.

In addition, repairs to facades in the construction of which red brick was used are very rare.

You can find out which brick is best suited for the stove from this

The video shows the size of a standard red brick:

You can find out the properties of ceramic bricks from this

Size of ordinary building brick Since red brick has different classifications, each type has its own dimensions. For ordinary standard red brick, the length remains unchanged - 250 mm, width - 120 mm, but as for the thickness, it depends on the type of product: single – 65 mm, double – 130 mm and modular

– 88 mm. : 250*120*88.

You can find out about the sizes of white sand-lime brick here from this

Types and standard according to GOST

Full-bodied

The classic dimensions of this product are actively used in the construction of load-bearing and reinforced buildings, the construction of foundations, stoves and fireplaces. Such a product is characterized by the following markings: M-075, M-100, M-125, M-175. Frost resistance level can reach F50. What size? The dimensions of a single red block will be 250x120x65 mm. Depending on the size, and varies. The cost of these products will be 9.4-16 rubles per piece.

And other data is given in the article.

Fireproof (cladding) product

• This type of red brick was created specifically for finishing and laying stoves. To make it, you need to use fireproof clay and fillers. The resulting product does not lend itself to the melting process and does not crumble. In addition, refractory brick retains all its properties even at a temperature of 1800 degrees. There are the following types of refractory bricks:
• quartz,
• fireclay,
• carbonaceous.

And other characteristics can be read from this article.

The available symbols on the markings indicate the level of fire resistance. The brand and dimensions of red finishing bricks can be different, and they are determined taking into account the physical and chemical composition.

• The range of this product is huge, it includes hundreds of types: Sh-5, Sh-8, ShA-5, Shb-47. The technological characteristics of facing bricks are as follows:
• frost resistance – F50;
• thermal conductivity – 0.7-0.85 W/mK;
• voidness – 8%;

absorption level – 8%.

And other data can be read from the article.

The cost of facing red bricks will be 20 rubles per piece and will depend on its variety.

“Loaf” or double

This product is often called a “loaf”; its weight is up to 7 kg. In terms of strength characteristics, such a product is superior to the classic version. It is used in the construction of load-bearing walls, frames and supports. Technical characteristics include:

The cost of such a product will be from 10 rubles per piece.

Ceramic

This red brick is actively used when laying the foundation. It is characterized by high strength indicators. Ceramic red bricks can withstand changes in temperature and humidity. The dimensions of a standard red product for foundation construction according to GOST are 250x120x65 mm. The product marking assumes 150, 175, 200, 250, 300. The presented material is characterized by the following technological characteristics:

The price of such products will be 11 rubles per piece. Read about ceramics in our article.

And other data is described in the article.

Red for base

• Such a material must also have high strength indicators, and it must also be able to withstand humidity and cold. The following brands are used: M-125 or M-150. For these purposes, it is worth using fired and solid ceramic bricks. In this case, the following brands are popular: M-200, M-250, M-300. It will depend on the brand. The following technological properties are characteristic of such bricks:
• frost resistance F 100,
• moisture absorption 12%,
• thermal conductivity 0.51 W/(mK),

void less than 13%.

This product costs about 16 rubles apiece.

When building a foundation, foundation blocks are most often used. According to there are 14 standard sizes.

To use red brick for laying a stove, you need to use a product that could withstand the direct influence of fire. Currently, backfill products can be used for these purposes, the dimensions of which are:

• length – 250 mm;
• width – 120 mm;
• – 65 mm.

Brick is a building material that is characterized by its strength and durability. It is considered the oldest known building material and is made by firing clay briquettes, previously well pressed.

Red brick allows you to build a building in the required architectural concept, as well as save on the construction process. Especially This material is popular in private housing construction, during the construction of fences, garages and other auxiliary buildings. Anyone who is engaged in construction, knowing the dimensions of the red brick, only needs to correctly calculate the required quantity that will be required for the construction of the facility. It can be called the most versatile material.

Story

Depending on the state, the dimensions of the masonry material differed significantly. This was due primarily to differences in metric systems. For example, the brick standard in England in the 19th century had dimensions of 9: 4.5: 2.5 inches, German material - 25: 12: 6.3 centimeters.

On the American continent it had the smallest dimensions, which were 21:10:5.3 centimeters. In the Russian Empire, the material was larger than its English or German counterparts, and amounted to 6:3:1.5 (4.45 centimeters). He weighed about three to four kilograms.

Territories remote from the center themselves determined the dimensions of the building material, which sometimes differed from the “canonical” ones, since production was not dependent on the center and the material was used to meet the needs of local communities.

With the advent of conveyor production of building materials and the beginning of mass capital construction, the need to fix the dimensions of standard red brick became more acute.

In European countries, the most common bricks are NF and D. F. The first is ordinary, with dimensions of 24 × 11.5 × 7.1 cm, the other is thin, with dimensions of 5 × 5.2 centimeters.

In Europe DF brand material is considered the best for perception, thanks to greater compliance with architectural classics. But the NF brand saves mortar and increases the speed of masonry construction.

This aspect ratio of the brick not only turned out to be the most optimal when constructing a wall, when it is necessary to alternate the longitudinal and transverse positions of the bars, but also to use material from different manufacturing plants on one construction site.

Surprisingly, bricks of a unified standard began to be produced in Russia relatively recently, compared to how long this material has been used in the country - in 1927. From that moment the standard remains unchanged- 250×120×65 millimeters for a single brick size, its weight should be no more than 4.3 kg and all this is fixed by GOST 530−2007. In Europe, it is designated by the symbols RF with parameters of 250×120×88 millimeters for one and a half bricks (although in practice it is not 1.5, but 1.35 times thicker) and 250×120×138 mm for double bricks.

In Western countries, the standards are different, and there are many more of them. Among the most popular are 200×100×50 (65) millimeters and 240×115×52 (71) millimeters. In addition to the above, foreign bricks can be of different sizes, since in Europe there is an opinion that masonry made of material with a non-fixed length can emphasize the uniqueness of the building.

The importance of standardization

The normal dimensions of the brick are in the ratio 1:½:1/4, which makes it possible to give the building structure additional strength using masonry ligation. This happens due to the fact that longitudinal and transverse alternation of building material is carried out in relation to the axis of the masonry and, as a result, the load is more evenly distributed.

In addition to the above, the proportionality that is present in the standard brick size allows masonry work to be carried out with low labor costs. The briquette lifts easily and can be held with one hand.

Also, the size of a standard window when building a brick house is much more convenient to determine based on the standardization of the dimensions of the material.

Types of bricks, their characteristics and areas of use

Types and standard according to GOST

Regular-sized bricks are used for the construction of load-bearing and reinforced structures, laying foundations, fireplaces, and stoves. There are brands designated as M-075, M-100, M-125, in addition, there is M-150, M-175, frost resistance level F 50, degree of moisture absorption 8-10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W/( m/K), void ratio up to 13 percent.

Refractory

This brick is intended directly for cladding and laying stoves. For its production it is necessary fired refractory clay(called fireclay) and various fillers. It does not melt or crumble and can withstand heat levels up to 1800 degrees Celsius. Letters and numbers in the marking indicate the level of fire resistance. The brand and size of such material can be different and depend on the composition; there are a large number of types, for example: Sh-5, Sh-8, ShA-5, there is also ShB-47. Frost resistance level F 50−75, heat conductivity from 0.70−0.85 W/(m/K), void ratio from 8 percent, degree of moisture absorption 8 percent.

Red

It is also called “loaf”, full-bodied butt or double and it weighs up to 7 kg. The strength is higher than the classic one, and it is used to build load-bearing structures, frames, etc. There are brands: 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 are also available for sale, frost resistance level F 150, moisture absorption ability 10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.50 W/(m/K), void ratio up to 13 percent.

The cost of such a product will be from 10 rubles per piece.

Red ceramic bricks are used to lay the foundation. It requires strength, the ability to withstand temperature changes and high humidity. Dimensions according to GOST standards 250×120×65 mm, brands sold: 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, frost resistance level F 50−100, degree of moisture absorption 6−16 percent, thermal conductivity parameters from 0.70 W/(m/K ), the void ratio is no more than 13 percent.

For the construction of a basement

This brick must also be strong enough and resistant to moisture and low temperatures. It is best to use brands of at least M-125 or M-150. For such purposes fired and solid ceramic may be optimal, but the most popular remains “Turtle”. The following brands are on sale: M-200, M-250, M-300, frost resistance level F 100, degree of moisture absorption 12 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W/(m/K), void ratio less than 13 percent.

What material is required to build a furnace?

Sometimes red solid ceramic stone can be confused with real stove brick. It is produced by mixing red and blue clay, adding sand, and then firing the mass. It can withstand temperatures of no more than 800 degrees Celsius, so the walls of the stoves will quickly collapse (wood burning occurs at 900 degrees Celsius).

There are four types of real stove bricks:

• the main one is a mixture of lime and magnesia, mostly used in metallurgy;
• quartz - sandstone, quartz, with the addition of red dense clay;
• carbon - made of pressed coke, intended for the construction of blast furnaces;
• fireclay is a fireproof material, it consists of 70 percent fireclay, is universal in use, and resistant to chemical influences.

How to choose a brand of brick?

In the construction of household stoves and fireplaces, quartz and so-called fireclay red bricks are used. Second option is more popular, since quartz at significant temperatures changes its structure and, as a result, thermal conductivity and volume. Gradually, this inevitably leads to deformation and destruction of the walls.

Kiln brick size according to GOST

For bricks specifically for stoves a separate document has not been developed, there is only GOST 8426–75, which specifies the size and shape of clay bricks for chimneys. According to the established standard, there are 2 sizes of regular straight bricks, listed below:

• single - dimensions 250×120×65 millimeters;
• thickened - dimensions 250×120×88 millimeters.

Also, according to GOST 8426–75, wedge-shaped bricks of 2 types are produced.

1. Radial-longitudinal. There are also single (dimensions 120 (70)x250×65; 120 (100)x250×65) and thickened (dimensions 120 (70)x250×88; 120 (100)x250×88).
2. Radial-transverse. The single standard size is available in 2 dimensions: 250 (200)x120×65; 250 (225)x120x65. And the thickened standard size, instead of 65 mm, has a size of 88 mm.

Bricks for the construction of fireclay stoves, existing shapes and sizes

To make laying easier, stoves produce products that differ in configuration and dimensional parameters- this can be seen from the table below.

The standard size of the kiln brick is the blade. It, like straight types, is produced in the shape of a parallelepiped. The largest edge is called a bed, the medium-sized one is called a spoon, and the smallest one is called a poke. The butt is narrowed in the end wedge, and the spoon is narrowed in the rib wedge. These two varieties are used for figured masonry. In addition to standard products, You can find fireclay slabs for sale- their dimensions correspond to the size of the firebox they need to cover. The most common bars of this size are 460×230×75 millimeters; there is also a dimension of 600×230×90 millimeters.

Due to the ability to accumulate heat well, fireclay bricks can be recommended not only for the construction of fireboxes, but also for the entire structure of the furnace as a whole. This solution will be interesting in decorative terms, because the straw-golden color of the clay products will create a visual effect of warmth in the room. The many shapes and sizes that fireclay stove bricks have make it possible to lay out not only standard straight ones, but also vaulted ones; trapezoidal surfaces are also possible.

For many decades, people have been using red bricks to construct buildings. This building material has a number of advantages, thanks to which it has gained such popularity. During construction, you must adhere to standards and check all materials for compliance with standards.

This is done to avoid mistakes during construction and to purchase the right materials, tools and equipment. The red brick size standard is described in the Interstate Standard (GOST 530-2012), and below we will discuss the main points that need to be taken into account before starting construction.

Properties

Ordinary red brick is popular due to the properties that it acquires during manufacturing and takes over from the materials taken as a basis. The source material, of course, has its influence, but the basic properties are the same for all bricks:

1. Frost resistance is a property that includes several functions at once.

Bricks must withstand low temperatures and high humidity. When exposed to extreme conditions, it can begin to change its density, which leads to its destruction.

The short designation for frost resistance is Мрз, and this value is calculated during special tests, when the brick is cyclically exposed to changes in humidity and temperature.

If the MP value is below 35 points, then the use of such bricks is not recommended on the territory of the Russian Federation.

2. Strength- another characteristic showing how much pressure 1 square centimeter of brick can withstand.

So, for the construction of a small house, it will be enough to use bricks of grade M100, and when constructing a multi-storey building, grade M150 and higher is chosen.

3. Soundproofing– an important characteristic for urban premises.

In a busy city life, it is very important create basic sound insulation with a minimum thickness of the building walls. Bricks do an excellent job of this task.

These characteristics determine the capabilities of the building material and provide an initial idea. Knowing these options will protect the novice builder from unexpected expenses. Next, several classifications will be given, and, most importantly, the dimensions of the bricks will be discussed in detail.

Classification

Brick can be made from different materials, but the options that the market provides us with are 90% made from clay and clay mixtures. After firing, the clay takes on orange, red and yellowish colors, hence the name - red brick.

By material type

Here are the main options by material type:

There are many configurations of brick dimensions. Any brick has the shape of a parallelepiped and three pairs of faces. The main face, the bed, is located parallel to the base of the masonry, which is why it is often called the working edge.

The second face is the spoon, located perpendicular to the bed and has the average area of ​​all three faces. The last edge is the poke, the smallest area. By changing the lengths of the sides of the faces, you can get different dimensions:

All sizes given above are used for cladding buildings.

Single brick standard still remains the most popular option. This standard has been used for a long time in many countries around the world.

By shape

This classification compares brick density. There are two types of bricks based on density: solid and hollow. Hollow bricks are visually distinguished by a certain number of holes, while solid bricks are monolithic products.


Solid brick (aka “loaf”) has high thermal conductivity and fairly low moisture absorption. It is used in the construction of basements, ground floors and in the construction of various load-bearing elements. Its standard overall dimensions are 250x120x65 mm (see photo above), and its weight is on average 2.4 kg.

Hollow brick cannot be used in the construction of basements, load-bearing structures and other objects for which solid brick is used.

This is due to the fact that hollow brick has many holes where water can get in, freezing in winter and destroying the structure of the building material. This option has increased sound insulation, increased thermal insulation and is sold at a lower price because less raw material is used in production.

The dimensions of the hollow brick are the same as those of the solid brick - 250x120x65 mm.

By application

Ordinary brick- This is a universal, “draft version”, used for both interior and exterior work. It may have minor chips, which is why it has a nondescript appearance.

Facing brick- an ideal, expensive brick made to extremely high quality standards. Divided into two categories:

1. Shaped option.

It is presented on the market in a huge range of variations of forms. The shaped option is used when it is necessary to build masonry of an unusual shape (with bevels, a wavy shape, or an angular version).

2. Textured option.

Used for cladding work on building facades.

Where are the different types of bricks used?

All of the above points form a variety of functions and configurations, which significantly expands the variety of offers in the building materials market.

And the experience of builders has formed a number of “rules” that everyone tries to follow so as not to lose face. For specific types of buildings, it is customary to use specific types of bricks. Therefore, you should focus on the main points:

1. For the construction of the furnace, it is customary to use ceramic, solid bricks.
2. For the construction of a foundation, basement or plinth, it is customary to use ceramic, solid bricks. bricks vary depending on the foundation configuration: 250x120x65 mm, 138x288x165 mm, 250x120x88 mm.
3. For the construction of walls, it is customary to use silicate or ceramic, hollow bricks.

These “rules” should be used to avoid destruction.

Absolutely everything about red brick in this video: