There is no world more amazing than the underwater world. The ocean occupies 2/3 of the earth's surface, and its biomass is tens of times greater than the biomass of land. The oceans and seas of the planet are home to both the largest animals on the planet - whales - and the smallest microorganisms. The top layer of the ocean is essentially a soup of plankton, which is the starting point of a complex food chain.
But this is on the surface of the water. And the depths of the world's oceans remain the most unsolved mystery of planet Earth.
Exploring the depths of the ocean involves a lot of technical and psychological difficulties. Man has learned to climb upward quite confidently, and even conquering the highest point on the planet - Everest - does not cause a storm of delight among the average person. In the 57 years since the first conquest of the Roof of the World, dozens of daredevils have reached the 8848-meter mark. The same can be said about all other peaks. But people have only visited the opposite point of the Earth - the bottom of the Mariana Trench - once. Needless to say, the heroes, who sank to the very bottom of the Pacific Ocean, saw only a small fraction of what the almost eleven-kilometer layer of water contains.
A more or less detailed study of the ocean and the Mariana Trench as its deepest point began in the middle of the 20th century. First, an American expedition on the converted military ship Challenger measured the depth, showing a result of 10,863 meters, as evidenced by a documentary book that can be purchased on the website vipbook.info. A few years later, the Soviet expedition clarified the result - 11,022 meters. In addition to this, Soviet scientists pulled from the abyss evidence of the existence of life at depths where nothing living can exist in our usual understanding.
In 1960, a year before the first man flew into space, two heroes in a specially designed bathyscaphe sank to the bottom of the Challenger abyss, becoming the only people to this day who have been to such a depth. The depth they measured was 10918 meters. The water pressure here exceeds atmospheric pressure by 1100 times, and temperatures are close to 0 Celsius. And in such incredible conditions, the pilots of the bathyscaphe saw life! Unusual to the eye, luminous monsters feel great where more than a ton of water presses on every square centimeter! Mutant octopuses, terrible glowing one and a half meter worms without a mouth, scary-looking angler fish with a “lantern” on their forehead... Such creatures in the familiar world can be found, perhaps, only in science fiction films.
All subsequent dives were carried out using unmanned vehicles. High-quality photographs and soil samples from a depth of 11 kilometers were delivered by the Japanese bathyscaphe robot Nereus. But all attempts to learn the secrets of the ocean brought more mysteries than answers. During some dives of deep-sea vehicles, contacts were noted with hitherto unknown and inexplicable from the point of view of modern science forms of life.
Thus, the expedition of the Glomar Challenger vessel, during the next dive of a deep-sea “hedgehog” developed by NASA, began to receive sounds from a depth of several thousand meters, similar to the grinding of a saw on metal. Large silhouettes appeared on the TV monitor, looking like fairy-tale dragons with several heads. It was decided to save the unique equipment, and after 8 hours the device was raised to the surface. It turned out that the beams of the structure, made of titanium-cobalt steel, were significantly deformed, and the 20-centimeter cable was half sawn (or chewed?). Details of this expedition were published in 1996 in the New York Times.
A similar encounter with the inhabitants of the abyss occurred with the German crew of the Haifish apparatus. Having dropped to the level of 7000 meters, the device began to float. The hydronauts turned on the camera to find out the cause of the problem - and... At first, what they saw was taken for a collective hallucination - a huge prehistoric lizard tried to chew the bathyscaphe with its teeth like a nut! Fortunately for the researchers, the device was equipped with an “electron gun”, and the lizard that received the discharge disappeared into the darkness.
Here we cannot help but recall the huge, half-decomposed carcasses of unknown sea giants that are periodically thrown to the surface. Perhaps the size of the blue whale is not such a record for the world's oceans? Before modern whales, killer whales, and sharks, megalodons swam in the ocean - huge predators, whose mouth width alone reached 2 meters! As was previously thought, these giants died out 2 million years ago. But recently, megalodon teeth were recovered from the bottom of the oceans, the age of which was determined to be 24 and 11 thousand years. In 1918, Australian lobster fishermen saw a transparent white fish at least 35 meters long, which exceeds the maximum known height of a fin whale! The lack of pigmentation is also characteristic of deep-sea animals. Perhaps megalodon did not go extinct, but adapted to life in unbearable conditions at a depth of 10 kilometers? By the way, the coelacanth, which Europeans considered extinct in the Mesozoic era, was periodically caught by Indonesian fishermen and sold at the market. Only in the 19th century did Europeans “discover” “extinct” fish from the Mesozoic era at the fish market. So, maybe we shouldn’t bury other prehistoric animals?
Be that as it may, the World Ocean still contains many secrets and mysteries that we have yet to answer.
Have you ever wondered what it is and where the deepest points in the ocean are?
To this day, the deepest place that has been found is the Challenger Deep, an 11-kilometer-deep gap in the Pacific Ocean located in the southern Mariana Trench (midway between Japan, China, the Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.
There are 5 sea chasms that exceed 10 km. Dive into the 5 deepest points of the world's oceans.
The Kermadec Trench is one of the deepest oceanic trenches on Earth, reaching a depth of 10,047 m. Formed by the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Indo-Australian plate. It runs more than a thousand kilometers parallel to and east of the Kermadec Ridge, from the northeastern tip of New Zealand's North Island to the intersection of the Louisville Seachain pit, northeast of the Monowai Seamount.
The Tonga Trench is a continuation of subduction beyond this point. Subduction south of the Kermadec Trench is marked by the shallower Hikurangi Point.
It was named after the French captain Jean-Michel Juan de Kermadec, who was part of the Bruny de Entrecasteaux expedition that visited the area in the 1790s.
The Kuril-Kamchatka Trench is an oceanic trench, one of the deepest points in the ocean, with a maximum depth of 10,542 m. It is located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, east of the Kuril Islands, the Japanese island of Hokkaido and the Russian Kamchatka Peninsula.
It extends approximately 2,900 km in a north-south direction in the shape of an arch. Its formation and the arch of associated islands occurred through the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate.
The Philippine Trench, also known as the Mindanao Trench, is an ocean pit located in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippine Islands archipelago.
It is approximately 1,320 km long and approximately 30 km wide from the center of the Philippine island of Luzon, trending southeast of Halmahera Island, north of the Maluku Islands, in Indonesia. Its deepest point, Galatea depth, is 10,540 m. Its coordinates are 39 39 20.
Immediately north of the Philippines is the Luzon Oriente tomb. They are separated from each other. Their continuity is interrupted and displaced by the Benham Plateau in the Philippine Sea Plate.
The Tonga Trench, also called the Tonga Trench, is an ocean pit located in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of New Zealand's North Island and northwest of the Kermadec Islands. Northern end of the active subduction zone of the Pacific Plate. Its maximum depth is 10,882 meters, called the "Deep Horizon".
Convergence occurs at an estimated rate of about 15 centimeters per year, but recent global positioning satellite measurements indicate convergence sites of 24 cm per year throughout the Tonga Trench. This is the fastest slab speed on the planet.
These oceanic pits are important sites for the formation of what will become continental crust and for the recycling of materials in the mantle.
The Mariana Trench is the only one that exceeds 11 km. This is the deepest point of the oceans. 11,034m deep in the Challenger Abyss, named after the British Navy frigate that explored the site in the 1870s. 11 km of salt water exert a pressure of almost 1100 atmospheres. Located in the depths of the Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Mariana Islands, near the island of GUAM.
What about the Atlantic Ocean? Its deepest hole is Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean, at 8,800 m.
The world is so interesting that every time there is something to be surprised by. Tell me, do you know which one? But its size makes you think about a lot. Have you been to the capital of Russia and do you know where it is? Have you ever thought about which one? Since you have visited our page, it means you are looking for answers to these questions. Take a look at our website and you will learn a lot of interesting things.
8 deepest points of the world's oceans on planet Earth
At the bottom of the oceans there are special depressions (trenches) in which darkness reigns. Due to the strong pressure, these places are still poorly studied, but at least their depth is already known. To find out in which ocean the deepest depression is located, read our article to the end.
8 - Japanese groove
The Japan Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean and connects with the Kuril-Kamchatka depression. According to the latest data that can be found on Wikipedia, its length is 1,000 km, and depth - 8,412 meters. Will this data change? Anything is possible, because research carried out in 1989 using the Shinkai 6500 11 apparatus showed that the depth of the depression is only 6,526 m. Less than 20 years later, this information was refuted by a Japanese-British expedition, which in this place managed to film sea slugs on depth 7,700 m.
7 - Puerto Rico Trench
On the border of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean is the Puerto Rico depression. It occupies a fairly large area of 1,754 by 97 km and has depth 8,742 meters. The area in which the depression is located poses a serious danger to residents of this region. For example, in 2010, an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 was recorded in Haiti. The trench itself was the site of a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in 1787.
6 - Kuril-Kamchatka Trench
Some 100 years ago, the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench had a different name - the Tuscarora Trench. This is a deep sea trench ( 9,717 meters) 59 km wide. The depression was explored for the last time in 1950 by Soviet scientists on the Vityaz ship. There is information that the bottom of the depression is uneven, and on the slopes there are valleys, terraces and ledges. We do not yet know whether the trench will be examined in more detail in the near future.
5 - Izu-Boninsky trench
The Izu-Bonin Trench, which is located in the Pacific Ocean. The depression connects with the Japan Trench and has depth 9,810 meters. The bottom is flat and in places narrow. It is divided by rapids into several depressions, the depth of which varies between 7–9,000 m.
4 - Kermadec Depression
It cannot be said that the Kermadec oceanic trench is the deepest. It has a maximum depth 10,047 m and length 1,200 km. There is a depression at the eastern foot of the island of the same name. The trench is not only deep, but also quite cold, and the reason for this is the current from the Arctic. Is there life in the marine world at such depths? - a question to which we also would not mind getting an answer.
Just a note. This depression was named after the French navigator and traveler Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec.
3 - Philippine chute
It is logical that the Philippine Trench is located near the Philippine Islands. It appeared as a result of the collision of earth layers. Since the gutter has depth 10,540 meters, then it is on the third step of our rating. As for the other sizes, they are also not small: the length of the depression is 1,320 km, and the width is 30 km.
This place was first discovered during an expedition that took place in 1883–1884. And it happened like this: the corvette Vettore Pisani (Italy) reached the eastern side of the Philippine Islands and recorded great depths. Palubmo, who commanded the expedition, did not attach any importance to this and moved on. A little later, a German hydrographic expedition commanded by W. Brenneke began exploring the depression.
2 - Tonga Trench
A deep-sea trench, 860 km long, is also located in the Pacific Ocean. The depression has depth 10,882 meters and connects to the Karmadek gutter. If you think that this is the greatest depth of the world's oceans, then you are very mistaken. The gutter only gets second place on our list.
The peculiarity of Tonga is that, compared to other places on our planet, the greatest movement of lithospheric plates is observed here. If they usually move 2 cm per year, then in this place they move 25.4 cm. Since the depression is not very well explored, big discoveries may await us ahead.
1 - Mariana Trench
Finally, you will find out what the deepest depression in the world's oceans is. Mariana Trench. It is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean and its deepest point " Challenger Deep"(aka Mariana Trench ) is on depth near 10,994 m. You can find it 340 km southwest of the island of Guam. The latest research into the depression was carried out by an American expedition in 2010, which discovered mountains on the surface of the bottom. Using a modern device, scientists were able to explore 400 thousand m2 of area.
Mariana Trench coordinates: 11.22, 142.35.
Interesting fact: if you get to a depth of 10,994, then the atmospheric pressure there will be 1,072 times higher than normal. To help you understand what this is, imagine that you have 100 elephants on your head. It's scary to even think about it. At great depths there is such pressure that even modern devices cannot withstand it. An example of this is the Nereus apparatus, which disappeared to an unknown location while exploring the Karmadec depression.
What would you answer if you were asked which ocean has the deepest depression? Do you know which one or ? If you don't know, it's okay. Stay with us and we will tell you a lot of interesting things.
Where is the deepest place on Earth? How far is it from the center of the Earth? If Everest was placed there, would it rise above the surface of the Earth?
Today we will deal with the deepest places, holes, wells, caves, wells in the world, natural and man-made.
1.8 meters
Graves are usually dug at this depth. It is from this depth that the zombies will emerge when the time comes.
20 meters
Here are the famous Paris catacombs- a network of winding underground tunnels and artificial caves near Paris. The total length, according to various sources, is from 187 to 300 kilometers. Since the end of the 18th century, the remains of almost six million people have been buried in the catacombs.
40 meters
The Terme Millepini hotel in Italy chose this bold strategy, digging a 40-meter-deep tunnel for snorkelers and divers. This is the Y-40 pool. The most interesting thing about the deepest is that it is filled with thermal water and has a wonderful temperature of 33 degrees Celsius.
105.5 meters
This is the depth Kyiv metro station "Arsenalnaya", which is located on the Svyatoshinsko-Brovarskaya line between the Khreshchatyk and Dnepr stations. This is the deepest metro station in the world.
122 meters
Tree roots can penetrate to this depth. The tree with the deepest roots is a wild ficus growing at Echo Caves near Ohrigstad, South Africa. This tree is native to South Africa. Its roots go almost 122 meters deep.
230 meters
The deepest river. This Congo - river in Central Africa. In the lower reaches of the Congo breaks through the South Guinea Highlands in a deep narrow (in some places no more than 300 meters) gorge, forming the Livingston Falls (total drop 270 meters), the depths in this area are 230 meters or more, which makes the Congo the deepest river in the world .
240 meters
This is a railway tunnel with a length of 53.85 km. The tunnel descends to a depth of about 240 meters, 100 meters below the seabed. It is the deepest under the seabed and the second longest (after the Gotthard Base Tunnel) railway tunnel in the world.
287 meters
It is located even deeper, laid along the bottom of the Storfjord in the Norwegian province of Møre og Romsdal, connecting the cities of Eiksund and Rjanes. Construction began in 2003, the opening ceremony took place on February 17, 2008, full traffic opened on February 23, 2008. With a length of 7765 m, the tunnel goes to a depth of 287 m below sea level - this is the deepest tunnel in the world. The slope of the road surface reaches 9.6%.
382 meters
Woodingdean is an eastern suburb of Brighton and Hove, located in East Sussex, England. It is notable for the fact that on its territory there is deepest well in the world, dug by hand between 1858–1862. The depth of the well is 392 meters.
Of course, it doesn't look so picturesque, it's just an illustration.
603 meters
"Cave of Vertigo" Vrtoglavica in the Julian Alps. It is located on the territory of Slovenia, near the border with Italy). The cave was discovered by a joint Slovenian-Italian group of speleologists in 1996. Located in the cave the world's deepest karst well, its depth is 603 meters.
The North Tower can easily fit here (its height is 417 m, and taking into account the antenna installed on the roof - 526.3 m).
If you accidentally fall into this hole, you can reach the bottom in 11 seconds.
700 meters
33 miners were trapped under the rubble on August 5, 2010. They were held captive at a depth of 700 meters for more than 2 months and were listed as dead for almost 3 weeks. As a result of 40 days of work, a well was drilled to rescue Chilean miners.
970 meters
This largest dug hole in the earth, from the bottom of which you can still see the sky. The Bingham Canyon Quarry in Utah is one of the world's largest man-made (man-dug) formations. After more than 100 years of mining, a large crater was formed, 970 meters deep and 4 km wide. This unique canyon was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.
This quarry will fit entirely into the tallest structure in the world ever created, whose height is 828 meters. And not only will it fit, but from its “top” there will be more than 140 meters to the surface.
On April 10, 2013, a giant block of earth broke off and rushed into a huge hole in the artificial Bingham Canyon in Utah. Approximately 65 - 70 million cubic meters of earth thundered along the walls of the mine, reaching speeds of up to 150 kilometers per hour. The event was so powerful that it shook the earth - seismic sensors were activated, recording the earthquake. Intensity was measured as 2.5 on the Richter scale.
1642 meters
The deepest lake on Earth. The current maximum depth of the lake is 1642 m.
1857 meters
One of the deepest canyons in the world. Located on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, USA. Depth - more than 1800 m.
2199 meters
So we reached the deepest cave in the world. This is the only known cave in the world deeper than 2 kilometers. The main entrance to the cave is located at an altitude of about 2250 m above sea level.
3132 meters
To date, the deepest mine is located southwest of Johannesburg. Its depth is a little over 3 kilometers. The elevator takes 4.5 minutes to reach the very bottom, but you can speed up the process: if a person accidentally falls here, the flight to the bottom will take him 25 seconds.
3600 meters
A living organism was found at this depth. About a hundred years ago, the English scientist Edward Forbes argued that there are no living creatures deeper than 500 meters. But in 2011, nematode worms were found in a gold mine in South Africa. The second name for these 0.5 mm creatures is “worm from hell.”
4500 meters
The deepest mines in the world are located in South Africa: Tau-Tona, Witwatersrand - depth of more than 4500 m, Western Deep Levels Mine - 3900 m (De Beers company), Mponeng - 3800 m. For miners have to work in extreme conditions. The heat reaches 60 °C, and at such depths there is always the danger of water breakthrough and explosions. These mines produce gold. The journey here takes miners about 1 hour.
By the way, from 25 to 50% of the gold mined in the world is obtained from the Witwatersrand deposit. Extraction is carried out, among other things, from the deepest mine in the world, “Tau-Tona” - its depth is more than 4.5 km, the temperature in the workings reaches 52 degrees.
10994 meters
The Mariana Trench (or Mariana Trench) is an oceanic deep-sea trench in the western Pacific Ocean, the deepest known on Earth. Named after the nearby Mariana Islands. The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep. According to measurements in 2011, its depth is 10,994 m below sea level.
This is very deep. If Everest, 8848 meters high, could be placed here, then there would still be more than 2 km left from its peak to the surface.
Yes, there is a place on Earth about which we know much less than about distant space - mysterious ocean floor. It is believed that world science has not yet really even begun to study it...
At a depth of 11 kilometers. At the bottom, the water pressure reaches 108.6 MPa, which is approximately 1072 times greater than normal atmospheric pressure at the level of the World Ocean.
12262 meters
We have reached the deepest well in the world. This . Located in the Murmansk region, 10 kilometers west of the city of Zapolyarny. Unlike other ultra-deep wells that were drilled for oil production or geological exploration, SG-3 was drilled solely for scientific research purposes in the place where the Mohorovicic boundary comes close to the surface of the Earth.
At a depth of five kilometers, the ambient temperature exceeded 70 °C, at seven - 120 °C, and at a depth of 12 kilometers, sensors recorded 220 °C.
Kola superdeep well, 2007:
The Kola Superdeep served as the source of the urban legend about the “well to hell.” This urban legend has been circulating on the Internet since at least 1997. The legend was first announced in English in 1989 on the American television company Trinity Broadcasting Network, which took the story from a Finnish newspaper report published on April Fool's Day. According to this legend, in the very thickness of the earth, at a depth of 12,000 meters, the microphones of scientists recorded screams and moans. The tabloid newspapers write that this is “a voice from hell.” The Kola superdeep well began to be called “the road to hell” - every new kilometer drilled brought misfortune to the country.
If you drop something into this hole, it will take 50 seconds before that “something” falls to the bottom.
This is it, the well itself (welded), August 2012:
12376 meters
Which was drilled in Russia on the shelf of Sakhalin Island, it is considered the deepest oil well in the world. It goes to a depth of about 13 kilometers - this depth is comparable to the height of 14.5 skyscrapers Burj Khalifa, which remains the tallest in the world. This the deepest hole that humanity has been able to drill.
At the moment, this is deepest place in the world. And it is located only at a depth of about 12.4 km. Is this too much? Let us remember that the average distance to the center of the Earth will be 6371.3 kilometers...
Now we approximately know the internal structure of our planet. The outer hard shell of the Earth is called the crust. It makes up less than 1% of the planet's mass and has a thickness of 5 to 70 kilometers. Next comes the mantle (outer and inner), and then the core (outer and inner).
How close to the core do you think a person can go? Theoretically, in the future we can make devices that can withstand colossal loads and temperatures in order to get as close to the core as possible, but in practice we have not yet gotten to the areas that are under the crust.
Let's see what are the deepest places on the planet we know.
✰ ✰ ✰
10Lake Zakaton
Depth 319 meters
The lake is the world's largest natural well. It is located in Central Mexico. Its depth is 319 meters and its diameter is about 100 meters. At the same time, a hole was found on one of the “walls” of the well, which may be the entrance to another, deeper “well” or even to a system of deep-sea underground caves.
✰ ✰ ✰
9
Depth 370 meters
This is a coal mine located in Elsdorf in Germany. It is considered the deepest open pit mine in the world. Its depth is about 370 meters and its area is about 33.9 sq. km. Next to the quarry there is an artificial hill, which was formed from the material taken from the quarry.
The hill has its own name Sophienhöhe and is the largest artificial hill in the world. Its height is 301 meters.
✰ ✰ ✰
8Woodingdean Well
Depth 392 meters
Let's start with a man-made feat that appeared in 1862 in the English town of Woodingdean. It all started with the fact that in 1858, during the construction of a new building, a source of water was required. It was decided to dig a well. To reduce costs, the well was dug by workers. It was planned to go 122 meters into the ground, lining the walls of the well with bricks.
The workers lowered themselves into the well, and lifted the excess earth in buckets to the surface. After 2 years of digging, the depth of the well exceeded the design depth by 12 meters, but there was still no water. Despite the fact that this depth was slightly below sea level.
Then it was decided to dig four horizontal shafts at this depth to get to the water. But this also did not give any results. Then the construction organizers decided not to give up and get to the water at any cost. At the end of one of the horizontal shafts they began to dig deeper again. After another 2 years, in March 1862, workers felt the ground in the mine begin to rise. People began to rush to the surface. After 45 minutes, water rushed out.
This well is the deepest well in the world that was dug by hand.
✰ ✰ ✰
7Lake Baikal
Depth 1642 meters
Reaching a maximum depth of 1,642 meters, Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. The lake is a treasure not only of Russia, but of the whole world; it is a natural reservoir for the purest fresh water. It is home to many plants and animals that are unique.
An interesting fact is that if all the water from Lake Baikal is divided equally among all Russian citizens, then for each resident there will be approximately 2,780 railway tanks of 60 tons each.
✰ ✰ ✰
6
Depth 2199 meters
This is the deepest cave in the world located in Abkhazia near the city of Gagra. The cave has several entrances located at an altitude of above 2000 meters above sea level. It is a system of several wells, which are interconnected by manholes and galleries. Inside there are several high plumbs, the deepest of which are 110, 115 and 152 meters.
✰ ✰ ✰
5
Depth 3048 meters
The Mponeng mine in South Africa is considered the deepest mine in the world. Its depth is 4000 meters. However, a mine called Kidd Mine in Ontario, Canada, which has a depth of 3048 meters, is closer to the Earth's core than the Mponeng mine. This is because our planet does not have an ideal spherical shape. Due to the rotation of the Earth, the diameter in the equatorial part is slightly larger than at the poles. The difference in size is about 140 kilometers. So a person standing at the equator is on average 70 kilometers further from the core than a person standing at the pole.
The Kidd Mine opened in 1964 as an open pit mine and has gradually expanded underground. It is now the largest copper mine in the world. It employs 2,200 workers and produces millions of tons of ore annually.
✰ ✰ ✰
4Litke Gorge
Depth 5449 meters
Litke's Gap (Litke's Trench) is an oceanic trench located northeast of Greenland, 350 km north of Spitsbergen, in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. This is the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean, its depth is 5449 meters.
The gorge was found and explored by a Soviet expedition on the icebreaker Fedor Litke in 1955.
✰ ✰ ✰
3Milwaukee Depression
Depth 8385 meters
The Milwaukee Trench is the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean. Its maximum depth is 8385 meters. The place is named after the American cruiser that discovered it in 1939.
The Milwaukee Trench is located in the Puerto Rico Trench, which is located at the boundary of two lithospheric plates. The Caribbean Plate moves east and the North American Plate moves west.
✰ ✰ ✰
2Challenger Deep
Depth 10994 meters
The top five deepest sea trenches in the world include those located in the Pacific Ocean, and the most famous of them is the Mariana Trench, with a maximum depth of 10994 meters (Challenger Deep).
The name of the depression comes from the Mariana Islands, located nearby. The depression stretches for 1500 kilometers, they have a standard V-shaped profile. The bottom of the depression is flat, ranging from 1 to 5 km wide.
The water pressure at the bottom of the Challenger Deep is 108,600 Pa, which is 1,100 times higher than atmospheric pressure on the Earth's surface. People have dived to the bottom of the Mariana Trench twice. The first dive was made in 1960 by explorer Jacques Piccard and US Navy SEAL Don Walsh. Their bathyscaphe "Trieste" had walls 127 millimeters thick to resist the monstrous pressure. The second time the famous director James Cameron visited the bottom of the depression was in 2012. He plunged into the Challenger Deep on the single-seat deep-sea submersible Deepsea Challenger. During the dive, he filmed in 3D.
✰ ✰ ✰
1
Depth 12262 meters
This is the deepest man-made place on Earth. It is located in the Murmansk region near the city of Zapolyarny.
Work to begin drilling the well was timed to coincide with the centenary of the birth of V.I. Lenin in 1970. Unlike others, this well was drilled specifically for the purpose of studying the structure of the planet. The location was chosen specifically where the thickness of the earth's crust is supposed to be thinnest.
Up to 7000 meters drilling proceeded normally. The drill passed through a uniform granite layer of the lithospheric plate. But lower down the rock was less dense and crumbled, jamming the equipment. I had to change the drilling angles a little.
Thirteen years later, in 1983, drillers reached a level of 12,066 meters and stopped. But after drilling resumed, the drill string broke. Drilling had to be started again from a depth of 7,000 meters. By 1990, the drill crossed the 12,262 meter mark and the accident repeated. Then, for financial reasons, the project had to be frozen, and in 2008, the Kola Superdeep Well project was finally abandoned.
I really want to believe that Russian science will turn its attention to this project. He has many prospects. The lion's share of the work has already been completed, and to revive the project, several million rubles are required, a significant amount for a country with high scientific ambitions.
✰ ✰ ✰
Conclusion
It was an article about the deepest places on Earth. We hope that you learned something new and interesting from us. Thank you for your attention!
