Homemade vacuum cleaner: cyclone, construction or for the workshop. Do-it-yourself cyclone for a vacuum cleaner - high technology in your home Cyclone for a home workshop and accessories

Very often after repair and construction work A lot of debris and dust remains, which can only be removed with a powerful vacuum cleaner. Since an ordinary home appliance is not suitable for these purposes, a filter for which can be homemade is used. How to make a cyclone for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands so that the unit effectively copes with the removal of construction dust?

Those whose work is constantly associated with repairs, construction and carpentry are familiar firsthand with the problem of cleaning the room after completion of the actual work. Construction wood dust, crumbling plaster, tiny grains of polystyrene foam and drywall usually settle in a dense layer on all horizontal surfaces of the room. It is not always possible to wipe such a mess by hand or sweep it with a broom, because when large area such cleaning of the premises will take for a long time. Wet cleaning is also often impractical: a mixture of water and thick dust is even more difficult to wipe off.

IN in this case optimal solution – using a vacuum cleaner. The standard vacuum cleaner that we are used to using in everyday life will not work. Firstly, because large quantities garbage, the dust collector will instantly become clogged, and you will need to clean it at least once every 15-20 minutes. Secondly, the entry of large particles, such as splinters, sawdust or wood chips, can cause blockage or complete malfunction of the device.

A construction vacuum cleaner has a much higher efficiency than a household one. The features of its engine provide long work, and the presence of a long hose (3-4 m or more) allows you to clean a wide area.

However, industrial and construction vacuum cleaners are large in size, not very convenient to use, clean and move, and are not affordable for everyone. Therefore, many craftsmen increase the capabilities of a household vacuum cleaner by equipping it with a special cyclone filter. Similar dust collectors can be purchased both in finished form, and assemble your own version yourself.

We make a cyclone ourselves

On the World Wide Web you can find many detailed diagrams and drawings of cyclones. Let's give an example of making a simple filter that can be assembled at home, having necessary materials, patience and a little skill. To work you will need:

• Any oil filter for small debris (these can be purchased at auto supply stores).
• 20-25 liter container with a tightly screwed lid.
• Polypropylene elbow with 45° and 90° angles.
• The pipe is about a meter long.
• Corrugated hose 2 meters long.

1. Make a hole in the lid of the main container. The width of the hole is adjusted to the polypropylene elbow with an angle of 90°.
2. Seal existing cracks with sealant.
3. Make another hole on the side wall of the container and attach a 45° angle.
4. Connect the corrugated hose and the elbow using a pipe. Tilt the outlet hose towards the bottom so that the air with debris is directed along the required path.
5. The filter can be covered with material made of nylon or other permeable fabric with a fine mesh. This will prevent large particles from entering the filter.
6. Next, connect the elbow on the lid and the filter outlet.

Of course, this is only a brief and approximate scheme for creating a cyclone. We present to your attention a video where in detail and on clear example shows how to make a filter from scrap materials.

We check the made filter for tightness, as well as for the quality of suction. Garbage should be collected at the bottom of the container or settle on the walls.

If everything is assembled correctly, suction will occur efficiently and at high speed.

Cyclone-type installations are used in industry for purifying gases and liquids. The operating principle of the filter is based on the physical laws of inertia and gravity. Through top part Air (water) is sucked out of the device through the filter. A vortex flow is created in the filter. As a result, the contaminated product enters the filter through a pipe located on the side of the upper part. Since debris particles are heavier, they settle in the lower part of the filter, and the purified product is discharged through the upper part. Today we will look at just such a filter, made for the workshop, together with the author of the homemade product.

Tools and materials:
76 l waste container;
Plywood;
Polycarbonate;
Plastic pipe;
coupling;
Fasteners;
Masking tape:
Manual frezer;
Electric jigsaw;
Drill;
Glue gun;
Band saw;
Sander.

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Making beautiful wooden furniture is fraught with danger for a production worker or private workshop - this is the smallest wood dust that has to be inhaled.

Application individual funds protection - glasses and respirators allows you to maintain clean breathing, but the air in the carpentry workshop in any case should be as clean as possible from wood dust. Otherwise the atmosphere will become literally explosive - wood dust burns well.

A cyclone is a type of air purifier used in industry to remove suspended particles from gases or liquids. The cleaning principle is inertial, using centrifugal force. Cyclone dust collectors constitute the most widespread group among all types of dust collection equipment and are used in different areas industry. Even some models of modern household vacuum cleaners use inertial cleaning. The principle of operation of the simplest countercurrent cyclone is clearly shown in the figure.

Operating principle of the Cyclone dust collector

A flow of dust-laden air is introduced into the apparatus through the inlet pipe tangentially in the upper part. A rotating gas flow is formed in the apparatus, directed to the bottom of the conical part of the apparatus. Under the influence of centrifugal force, dust particles are carried out of the flow and settle on the walls of the apparatus, then captured by the secondary flow and fall into the lower part, through the outlet into the dust collection hopper. Then the gas flow, cleared of dust, moves from bottom to top and is removed from the cyclone through a coaxial exhaust pipe. Centrifugal fan, installed at the top working chamber, creates a vacuum in the cyclone body, as a result of which air is pumped through the inlet pipe. Passing in a spiral under the influence of centrifugal force, heavy fractions are separated and deposited in the bunker, while the air exits through the exhaust pipe and enters the filter, where smaller particles are retained.

IN normal conditions the optimal air speed in the cylindrical part of the cyclone is 4 m/s. At a speed of 2.5 m/s, the dust collector best copes with purifying the air from heavy impurities. To reduce the noise level, the unit is placed in a separate room with sound insulation. Monitoring the filling of the hopper is facilitated by using a small light source placed behind a transparent corrugated hose. If the light dims, the bunker is full. By the way, the use of hoses large diameter, as well as hoses made of antistatic

materials improves their permeability. To connect such hoses, use connections of a suitable diameter. With sufficient performance, the device can be used to clean the workshop as an industrial vacuum cleaner. As a result, from 20 mm plywood and a sheet of galvanized steel, this unit was obtained (photo 1).

DIY centrifugal fan for Cyclone

First I made a centrifugal fan-scroll. The body covers were made from plywood 20 mm thick, the body was bent from alucobond, light and durable composite material, 3 mm thick (photo 2). I milled grooves in the lids using

a hand router and a compass device for it with a cutter with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 3 mm (photo 3). I inserted the snail body into the grooves and tightened everything with long bolts. It turned out tough reliable design(photo 4). Then I made a fan for the snail from the same alucobond. I cut out two circles with a router, milled grooves into them (photo 5), 8 which I inserted into the blades (photo 6), and glued them with a hot glue gun (photo 7). The result was a drum similar to a squirrel wheel (photo 8).

The impeller turned out to be light, durable and with precise geometry; it didn’t even have to be balanced. I put it on the engine axle. I completely collected the snail. A 0.55 kW 3000 rpm 380 V engine was at hand.

I connected and tested the fan on the go (photo 9). It blows and sucks very strongly.

DIY cyclone body

Using a router and compass, I cut out base circles from 20 mm plywood (photo 10). I bent the upper cylinder body from a roofing sheet, screwed it with self-tapping screws to a plywood base, sealed the joint with double-sided tape, tied the sheet together with two ties and riveted it with blind rivets (photo 11). In the same way I made the lower conical part of the body (photo 12). Further

inserted pipes into the cylinder, used polypropylene for external sewerage 0 160 mm, glued them with hot glue (photo 13). Suction pipe in advance with inside added a cylinder rectangular shape. I preheated it with a hairdryer and inserted a wooden frame into it. rectangular section and cooled (photo 14). I bent the housing for the air filter in the same way. By the way, I used a filter from KamAZ due to the large area of ​​the filter curtain (photo 15). I connected the upper cylinder and the lower cone, screwed the snail on top,

I connected the air filter using polypropylene bends to the volute (photo 16). I assembled the entire structure and placed it under the sawdust. plastic barrel, connected to the lower cone with a transparent corrugated pipe to see the filling level. Conducted tests of a homemade unit: connected it to jointer, which produces the most chips (photo 17). The tests went with a bang, not a speck on the floor! I was very pleased with the work done.

DIY cyclone – photo

1. Cyclone assembled. This installation provides high level air purification.
2. Fan parts.
3. The grooves in the lid were worked with a milling cutter using a compass tool with a cutter with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 3 mm.
4. Case and fan ready for assembly.
5. Before gluing the blades.
6. The drum and impeller look like industrially manufactured parts.
7. A glue gun comes to the rescue precisely at the moment when it is simply irreplaceable.
8. Before assembling the electric motor, it is important to check the fastening of the impeller to the shaft.
9. A powerful motor can turn the cyclone into a real vacuum cleaner!
10. Blanks for the cyclone body.
11. The upper cylinder body is made of galvanized roofing steel.
12. The finished cone part awaits assembly.
13. Propylene pipes as elements of inlet and outlet lines.
14. The polypropylene pipe has turned from round and large to rectangular small.
15. Kamaz filter for fine cleaning air after the cyclone.
16. Polypropylene sewer outlets work well as an air line.
17. Indeed, there is much less dust, and you can even walk the board clean.

© Oleg Samborsky, Sosnovoborsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory

HOW TO MAKE A HOOD IN YOUR WORKSHOP WITH YOUR OWN HANDS – OPTIONS, REVIEWS AND METHODS

DIY workshop hood

Required: galvanized Sheet steel 1 mm thick plumbing pipes d 50 mm and adapters for them, vacuum cleaner, paint bucket.

1. I drew a sketch of a cyclone and a wiring diagram for removing dust and sawdust (see figure on page 17). Cut out blanks for the cyclone body and cover
2. I bent the edges of the straight sides of the tin body part (marked with dash-dotted lines in the drawing) to a width of 10 mm - for connection.

1. On cutting the pipe, I gave the resulting workpiece a rounded conical shape. I fastened the lock (bent the edges into a hook) and crimped the tin.
2. At the top and bottom of the case at an angle of 90 degrees, I bent the edges 8 mm wide to attach the lid and garbage bin.
3. I cut out an oval hole in the cylinder, installed a side pipe d 50 mm into it (photo 1), which was secured inside with a galvanized strip.
4. I cut a hole in the lid, fixed the inlet pipe d 50 mm in it (photo 2), secured it finished part on the body and rolled the joint on an anvil.
5. The cyclone riveted to the neck of the bucket (photo 3). I missed the joints of all elements silicone sealant.
6. I fixed two channels along the wall exhaust system(photo 4) with flow change valves (photo 5) I installed a household vacuum cleaner nearby, and placed a bucket with a cyclone on the floor (see photo 3). I connected everything with rubber hoses.

CYCLONE HOOD DIAGRAM AND PHOTO

Today we will tell you about a cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner in the workshop, because one of the problems that we have to deal with when working with wood is dust removal. Industrial equipment It’s quite expensive, so we’ll make a cyclone with our own hands - it’s not difficult at all.

What is a cyclone and why is it needed?

In a workshop there is almost always a need to remove fairly large debris. Sawdust, small trimmings, metal shavings - all this, in principle, can be caught by a regular vacuum cleaner filter, but it high probability will quickly become unusable. In addition, it will not be superfluous to be able to remove liquid waste.

The cyclone filter uses aerodynamic vortex to bind debris different sizes. Spinning in a circle, the debris manages to stick together to such a consistency that it can no longer be carried away by the air flow and settles at the bottom. This effect almost always occurs if air flow passes through a cylindrical container with sufficient speed.

These types of filters are included in many industrial vacuum cleaners, but their cost is by no means affordable for the average person. At the same time, the range of problems solved using homemade devices, not at all anymore. The homemade cyclone can be used both in conjunction with planes, hammer drills or jigsaws, and for removing sawdust or shavings from various kinds machine tools In the end, even simple cleaning with such a device is much easier, because the bulk of dust and debris settles in a container, from where it can be easily removed.

Difference between wet and dry cyclone

To create a swirling flow, the main requirement is that the air entering the container does not follow the shortest path to the exhaust hole. To do this, the inlet pipe must have a special shape and be directed either to the bottom of the container or tangentially to the walls. Using a similar principle, it is recommended to make the exhaust duct rotary, optimally if it is directed towards the cover of the device. The increase in aerodynamic drag due to pipe bends can be neglected.

As already mentioned, a cyclone filter has the potential to remove liquid waste as well. With liquid, everything is somewhat more complicated: the air in the pipe and cyclone is partially rarefied, which promotes the evaporation of moisture and its breaking into very small droplets. Therefore, the inlet pipe must be located as close as possible to the surface of the water or even lowered under it.

In the majority washing vacuum cleaners Air is supplied to the water through a diffuser, so any moisture contained in it is effectively dissolved. However, for greater versatility with a minimum number of alterations, it is not recommended to use such a scheme.

Made from scrap materials

The simplest and affordable option for the cyclone container there will be a bucket of paint or other building mixtures. The volume should be comparable to the power of the vacuum cleaner used, approximately one liter for every 80-100 W.

The bucket lid must be intact and fit tightly onto the body of the future cyclone. It will have to be modified by making a couple of holes. Regardless of the material of the bucket, the easiest way to make holes is required diameter- use a homemade compass. IN wooden slats you need to screw in two self-tapping screws so that their tips are at a distance of 27 mm from each other, no more, no less.

The centers of the holes should be marked 40 mm from the edge of the cover, preferably so that they are as far apart as possible. Both metal and plastic can be scratched perfectly with this homemade instrument, forming smooth edges with virtually no burrs.

The second element of the cyclone will be a set of sewer elbows at 90º and 45º. Let us draw your attention in advance that the position of the corners must correspond to the direction of air flow. Their fastening in the housing cover is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. The elbow is inserted all the way into the side of the socket. Silicone sealant is first applied under the side.
2. WITH reverse side The rubber sealing ring is pulled tightly onto the socket. To be sure, you can additionally compress it with a screw clamp.

The inlet pipe is located with a narrow rotating part inside the bucket, the bell is located with outside almost flush with the lid. The knee needs to be given another 45º turn and directed obliquely downwards and tangentially to the wall of the bucket. If the cyclone is made with wet cleaning in mind, you should extend the outer elbow with a piece of pipe, reducing the distance from the bottom to 10-15 cm.

The exhaust pipe is located in the reverse position and its socket is located under the bucket lid. You also need to insert one elbow into it so that air is taken from the wall, or make two turns for suction from under the center of the lid. The latter is preferable. Don’t forget about the O-rings; for a more reliable fixation and to prevent the knees from turning, you can wrap them with plumber’s tape.

How to adapt the device for machines and tools

To be able to draw in waste when using manual and stationary tools, you will need a system of adapters. Typically, a vacuum cleaner hose ends in a curved tube, the diameter of which is comparable to the fittings for dust bags of power tools. As a last resort, you can seal the connection in several layers double sided tape for mirrors, wrapped with vinyl tape to eliminate stickiness.

With stationary equipment everything is more complicated. Dust extraction systems have very different configurations, especially for homemade machines, so we can only give a few useful recommendations:

1. If the machine's dust extractor is designed for a 110 mm or larger hose, use plumbing adapters with a 50 mm diameter to connect the corrugated hose of the vacuum cleaner.
2. To connect homemade machines to a dust catcher, it is convenient to use press fittings for 50 mm HDPE pipes.
3. When designing the dust collector housing and outlet, take advantage of the convection flow created by the tool's moving parts for greater efficiency. For example: a pipe for removing sawdust from circular saw must be directed tangentially to the saw blade.
4. Sometimes it is necessary to provide dust extraction from different sides workpiece, for example, for band saw or a router. Use 50mm sewer tees and corrugated hoses for drains.

Which vacuum cleaner and connection system to use

Usually a vacuum cleaner for homemade cyclone They don’t choose on their own, but use what is available. However, there are a number of limitations beyond the power mentioned above. If you want to continue using the vacuum cleaner for domestic purposes, then at a minimum you will need to find an additional hose.

The beauty of the sewer elbows used in the design is that they ideally match the diameter of the most common hoses. Therefore, the spare hose can be safely cut into 2/3 and 1/3, the shorter section should be connected to the vacuum cleaner. The other, longer piece, as is, is tucked into the socket of the cyclone inlet pipe. The maximum that is required in this place is to seal the connection with silicone sealant or plumbing tape, but usually the fit density is quite high. Especially if there is an o-ring.

The video shows another example of making a cyclone for dust removal in a workshop

To pull a short piece of hose onto the exhaust pipe, the outermost part of the corrugated pipe will have to be leveled. Depending on the diameter of the hose, it may be more convenient to tuck it inside. If the straightened edge does not fit slightly onto the pipe, it is recommended to warm it a little with a hairdryer or indirect flame gas burner. The latter is considered excellent option, because this way the connection will be positioned optimally in relation to the direction of the moving flow.

Recently I became interested in working with wood and the issue of removing shavings and sawdust arose very urgently. So far, the issue of cleaning the workplace has been solved with a home vacuum cleaner, but it quickly becomes clogged and stops suction. You have to shake out the bag often. In search of a solution to the problem, I looked through many pages on the Internet and found something. As it turns out, it is possible to make fully functional dust collectors from scrap materials.

Mini vacuum cleaner made from a plastic bottle

Here is another idea for a mini vacuum cleaner based on the Venturi effect
This vacuum cleaner operates using forced air.

Venturi effect

The Venturi effect is a pressure drop when a liquid or gas flows through a constricted portion of a pipe. This effect is named after the Italian physicist Giovanni Venturi (1746–1822).

Rationale

The Venturi effect is a consequence of Bernoulli's law, which corresponds to the Bernoulli equation, which determines the relationship between speed v liquid, pressure p in it and height h, on which the fluid element in question is located, above the reference level:

where is the density of the liquid, and is the acceleration of gravity.

If the Bernoulli equation is written for two sections of the flow, then we will have:

For a horizontal flow, the average terms on the left and right sides of the equation are equal to each other, and therefore cancel, and the equality takes the form:

that is, with a steady horizontal flow of an ideal incompressible fluid in each of its sections, the sum of the piezometric and dynamic pressures will be constant. To fulfill this condition in those places of the flow where average speed fluid is higher (that is, in narrow sections), its dynamic head increases, and the hydrostatic head decreases (and therefore the pressure decreases).

• in hydraulic jet pumps, in particular in tankers for oil and chemical products;
• in burners that mix air and combustible gases in the grill, gas stove, Bunsen burner and airbrushes;
• in Venturi tubes - constricting elements of Venturi flow meters;
• in Venturi flow meters;
• in ejector-type water aspirators, which create small vacuums using the kinetic energy of tap water;
• sprayers (sprayers) for spraying paint, water or aromatizing the air.
• carburetors, where the Venturi effect is used to draw gasoline into the inlet air stream of an internal combustion engine;
• in automated swimming pool cleaners, which use water pressure to collect sediment and debris;
• in oxygen masks for oxygen therapy, etc.

Now let's look at the samples that can take their rightful place in the workshop.

Ideally, I would like to get something similar to a cyclone filter, but from scrap materials:

Homemade chip separator.

The principle is the same, but made much simpler:

But I liked this option the most, since it is a smaller analogue of an industrial cyclone:

ch1

Because the traffic cone I don’t have it, so I decided to settle on this design, assembled from plastic pipes for sewerage. An undoubted advantage is the availability and low cost of material for assembling the structure:

Homemade cyclone from plastic sewer pipes

In this case, the desired vortex will be created.
On next video shown similar design at work:

And finally, a slightly modified version: