Engineering software market in Russia. Software developers in Russia Russian-made software

Not so long ago, a simply sensational statement appeared in the press. It turns out that soon there will be no “traditional” Windows OS left on all computers of government agencies in our country! Prominent figures promise that a Russian operating system will take its place. The idea is that by the end of this year this same “OS” should begin testing in government institutions.

Optimistic start

The most famous project, which theoretically can lay claim to such a significant role, is Synergy. This system uses the Linux kernel, the decision to develop it was made recently, on August 13, 2014. This was decided by a joint commission (at a meeting of the companies OJSC Russian Railways, Rosatom) and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center from the city of Sarov.

By the way, it is at the Synergy enterprise that it should now be intensively tested. Russian Railways will be required to actively “fine-tune” the OS, subject to its use in user database management systems. Russian Railways has enough of these!

By the way, this whole idea was initiated by Rosatom specialists, since the share of imported software is extremely large, and it was time to move away from such a bad practice long ago. Everyone involved in the development promises that the Russian one will be protected from hacking no worse than the best foreign analogues.

Last straw

Such a quick decision was largely due to the fact that just in August 2014 the next update package for Windows 7 was released. The irony is that it was these updates that led to the failure of thousands of computers around the world, since it contained critical errors. The problem was also aggravated by the situation with malfunctions of Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems.

Why is all this needed?

In general, recently only the lazy do not discuss the Russian operating system. However, the discussion is carried out in an ironic manner. Users should not be blamed for their lack of patriotism. Practice shows that in most cases, domestic projects in this area can only offer “not boring wallpaper” and a new design theme for the same Ubuntu.

It is important to understand exactly what requirements a truly promising Russian operating system must meet, and what principles should be embedded in it. Let's try to fantasize and imagine the directions in which its development should go.

"Childhood diseases"

In general, it’s always worth starting with previous experience, even if it’s negative. As we have already said, our country has one. Starting with the ancient “Spectrums”, on which a slightly rethought DOS was installed, ending with relatively recent times, when some computer clubs installed the “fundamentally new” BedOS 2 “Tanya”. This epic creation was nothing more than Windows 98 redesigned almost beyond recognition.

All of them were united by one thing: despite the new interface, all of these OSs were simply slightly redesigned products of world-famous software manufacturers.

What challenges do domestic developers face?

In principle, there is nothing new to talk about in this case. If a truly new Russian operating system for PCs is now being developed, then its creators face a huge number of tasks. We list just the main ones:

Release of an OS that will perform all its tasks and work on Russian-made servers and workstations.
Creation of working and functional virtualization tools for it.
The same development of a database management tool, the debugging of which is now assigned to Russian Railways.
Creation, development and support of the domestic application development environment.
Release of tools that could be used to automate testing.
Creation of a domestic “application store”. You give a worthy answer to every AppStore!
Release of an OS that can run not only on desktop computers and laptops, but also on mobile devices (smartphones, tablets). This Russian mobile operating system should become a competitor to Android, iOS, and Windows Mobile.
Development of design tools that will make it easier to write new applications.
Analysis of the business sector of the economy, creation of a specialized cluster of programs specifically for it.
Finally, the development of a Russian operating system should include the creation of its own desktop environment (DE).
Creation of new tools for installing, deploying and debugging written programs.
Availability of the ability to painlessly migrate business and home users from older versions of the OS.
Formation of training courses that will tell users what a Russian operating system for a PC is, its capabilities and prospects.

About users of the new OS

It's no secret that the modern segment of home computers is largely focused on games. In addition, the PC market is distinguished by an incredible variety of computer hardware, as well as the unconditional dominance of the same Windows OS. Since all the concepts and habits of users in this niche are distinguished by deep-rooted conservatism, it is unlikely that they will be changed in any way.

Thus, the new Russian operating system will most likely be focused on government agencies, corporate segments of the economy, and the military-industrial complex.

What requirements must the new OS meet?

Relatively low cost of both the system itself and the hardware that is necessary for its normal functioning.
Availability of “cloud” work on documents. Simply put, the new system should be oriented towards some kind of collaborative development environment, which is especially in demand in an enterprise or government organization.
The system must be scalable. It would be desirable that as the enterprise grows, it could be “tailored” specifically to the needs of a large organization (sort of analogues of the Business and Professional versions).
The speed of processing arrays of information should be as high as possible.
Maximum reliability and security (including against viruses).
The development and development of the OS should be carried out taking into account the latest trends in the hardware market.
Protection from malicious actions. In principle, the Russian operating system Rosa is well protected from this, but it is actually another Linux distribution.
At least a theoretical possibility of use on a home user’s computer (to gradually attract a new audience).
Full compatibility with at least the most common computer hardware and peripherals.

OS development taking into account trends in future hardware development

Recently, processors have crossed the 14 nm threshold, domestic 65 nm Elbruses have appeared, and the imminent release of a new type of capacious memory, ReRam, is reported, which will leave far behind all modern SSDs (NAND) in speed. Simply put, one of the priorities facing manufacturers should be the development of a system that will work on both existing and future hardware. This is a complex matter, and therefore there are quite natural doubts about its success.

Now we will talk about real progress in this area.

About "Chameleons" and other things

In general, modern domestic operating systems have exactly two realistic development paths. And in the first place is the justified interest of the military, for whom secure domestic software is extremely important. The second direction can be described as “patriotic development”. Sometimes projects appear on the Internet, the authors of which regularly announce a Russian-made operating system.

In the latter case, we can call Xameleon OS. If we talk about the technological side of the issue, it is very similar to Mac OS X, since both systems are based on the use of a microkernel. Chameleon uses L4 development, and Mac OS X includes the Mach microkernel. Alas, the domestic “answer” does not yet have even a banal GUI, that is, a graphical interface.

Other candidates

There is also a Russian operating system called Patriot OS. For quite some time now, a fundraiser for its creation has been announced on Boomstarter. The declared amount is 38,500,000 rubles, which in itself causes widespread ridicule on the Internet. The fact is that domestic crowdfunding projects have never reached more than 12 million. Also, if you read the requirements for the new system...

Simply put, the stated amount is clearly not enough. If the Russian operating system “Patriot OS” claims at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, then we need to collect ten times more. However, this money should be enough for at least a preliminary beta version, from which it will be possible to judge the prospects of the project as a whole. But the adequacy of some of the declared characteristics raises deep doubts.

A moment of humor

Thus, the author of the project says that he would like to create a new “Patrionet” Network, an analogue of the World Internet, which will be available only to those users on whose computers the Russian operating system “Patriot” will be installed. It is stated that it will be based on “incredibly fast dynamic technologies.” The fact is that even 38 million dollars will not be enough to implement something like this, let alone the domestic currency...

Phantom Perspectives

There is also a Russian operating system called Phantom. Theoretically, it is a development of the Digital Zone company (in fact, it is “homemade” by Dmitry Zavalishin). The latter passionately proves the advantages of its “brainchild” every year at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events.

In principle, this time the Russian Phantom operating system does not contain anything truly revolutionary or new. The developers really are not lying when they claim that their OS is not a clone of Windows/Unix.

But for some reason they “forget” to tell that “Phantom” is an almost exact copy of the KeyKOS/EROS system. Moreover, this topic was started in the distant 80s of the last century, when the general principles for the development of KeyKOS were laid down.

Recently, in the highest circles of government there have been frequent calls to switch to Russian software. So I decided to wonder what we could switch to. I immediately rejected operating systems based on Linux, because they are Russian, just like in the INTEL processor. No matter how they try to promote something, it’s still the same Linux with a different shell and it doesn’t matter Rose or anything else.

Well, let's see what I managed to find on the Internet from Russian software.

Software products from Russian manufacturers

Parallels Desktop

Developer: Parallels Holdings, Ltd
Official website: http://www.parallels.com/ru/products/desktop/

Parallels Desktop® 12 for Mac is the fastest, easiest, and most efficient solution for running Windows apps on your Mac without rebooting. Effortlessly switch between Mac and Windows apps, launch Windows apps from the Mac Dock, use familiar Mac gestures in Windows apps, and copy and drag items between apps across operating systems.

With high performance, you can run common Windows applications such as Explorer and Microsoft Office, and even the most demanding graphics applications without any sacrifice in performance. You can even use Microsoft's virtual voice assistant, Cortana, on your Mac.

Cortona VRML client

Developer: ParallelGraphics

Cortona VRML client from ParallelGraphics is the world's most popular VRML browser, designed for viewing a variety of 3D scenes, models and worlds in VRML, a widely used and ISO standard 3D format.

In addition to supporting the full VRML specification, Cortona also supports a number of extensions such as NURBS and Splines, reflection maps, drag-and-drop, Automation Interface, etc. This functionality makes Cortona a powerful and efficient platform for building a variety of online and offline 3D solutions, such as virtual interactive manuals, visualization of processes and procedures, entertainment and educational 3D single-user and multi-user services.

Using advanced algorithms and technologies, Cortona allows you to display the most complex scenes and models in real time while achieving superior image quality. And taking into account the built-in support for DirectX, OpenGL, hardware graphics accelerators, as well as the fact that Cortona is optimized for various Intel processors (from the Pentium processor with MMX technology to the new Intel Pentium 4), users can be sure that Cortona will optimally use available hardware and software resources and will allow you to achieve maximum performance.

Today, Cortona VRML client, already installed on more than 500 thousand computers around the world, is the de facto standard for viewing VRML scenes and models. Companies that have chosen Cortona include BBC Online, Boeing, Man Roland and many others.

ParallelGraphics also offers versions of Cortona for other platforms: Mac, Mac OS X, Java and Pocket PC.

Additional information about the Cortona VRML client and a free version for personal use can be obtained from the company's website http://www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona/. For personal, non-commercial use, Cortona VRML client is distributed free of charge. A commercial license costs from $5 per seat.

1c accounting

“1C: Accounting” - probably the most popular product on the Russian market - is found in almost all answers to the above-mentioned survey. This is a universal mass-use program for accounting automation. Can be used both independently and in conjunction with other products of the 1C:Enterprise 7.7 system (“1C: Trade and Warehouse”, “1C: Salary and Personnel”, “Production + Services + Accounting”, etc.). The standard configuration is a ready-made solution for automating most areas of accounting. The delivery set includes a configuration intended for accounting in self-supporting organizations. For accounting purposes in institutions and organizations on a budget, the separately supplied configuration “For budget organizations” is intended. In addition, “1C: Accounting 7.7” can be used with other specially created configurations.

The program allows you to automate both the maintenance of all sections of accounting (providing flexible options for this, including the use of several charts of accounts simultaneously, multidimensional analytical accounting, complex postings, etc.), and the preparation of any primary documents.

The initial information in “1C: Accounting 7.7” is an operation that reflects a real business transaction in the enterprise. An operation contains one or more accounting entries to reflect the completed business transaction in accounting. Transactions can be entered manually or generated automatically by entered documents. The program can also use standard operations, which make it possible to automate the entry of frequently repeated operations.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" includes a set of standard reports that allow an accountant to obtain information for an arbitrary period, in various sections and with the required degree of detail. All generated reports can be printed. The program includes a set of accounting and tax reporting forms, which are updated quarterly and distributed free of charge to registered users.

The standard configuration of “1C:Accounting 7.7” implements the most common accounting schemes and can be used in most organizations. To reflect the accounting specifics of a particular enterprise, the standard configuration can be changed in accordance with accounting requirements.

When legislation and accounting methodology change, updates to the standard 1C: Accounting configuration are released and provided free of charge to registered users. The update mode implemented in the program allows you to load new features without losing data previously entered by the user.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" contains a variety of tools for connecting with other programs:

connection of legal support systems "1C: Garant". Integration of the 1C:Garant system and 1C:Enterprise system programs allows you to select regulatory documents for the account or type of payroll with which the accountant works;
the ability to exchange information with Bank Client systems;
data exchange with other systems through files in text format or in DBF format, as well as based on modern integration tools: OLE, OLE Automation and DDE. Using these tools allows you to control the operation of other programs using the built-in language (for example, generate reports and graphs in Microsoft Excel);
gain access to 1C:Accounting 7.7 data from other programs;
Insert objects created by other programs into 1C:Accounting 7.7 documents and reports.

ABBYY FineReader 5.0

The world's most accurate recognition system, ABBYY FineReader 5.0, is designed for automatically entering documents into a computer using a scanner.

The program is easy to use: you insert a document into the scanner, press the Scan&Read button, and the recognized text appears on the text editor screen. At the same time, the design of the document is completely preserved: the arrangement of text, tables, pictures, text color.

The following properties distinguish FineReader 5.0 from other recognition systems:

recognition quality - recognition accuracy in the fifth version of FineReader has improved by 1.5-2 times compared to version 4.0. To date, the FineReader OCR system has received more than 50 awards from reputable international publications;
accurate preservation of document design - preservation of design has been improved both by improving the analysis of the document and by more accurately preserving its font design (such features as bold and italics, the distance between words and paragraphs, etc. are preserved);
fast publication of documents on the Internet - HTML, PDF formats are supported;
176 recognition languages - spell check function available for 30 of them;
call from Microsoft Word;
automatic division of double book pages.

FineReader 5.0 Pro is the most popular version in the FineReader line, combining the level of the professional version with an affordable price. Provides high quality work in automatic mode, provides ample opportunities for editing the result (convenient built-in editor, the ability to compare with an image, an ergonomic interface of the spell check window, tools for editing blocks).

FineReader 5.0 Office includes additional professional features such as barcode recognition and the creation of new languages. But the main difference is the ability to organize mass input. The version supports network document processing. The Office version includes a form-filling program called Formulator, which allows you to fill out any form, such as an application for a foreign passport, a visa application form, or an registration card, in a few minutes.

PROMT Translation Office 2000

Developer: PROMT company

PROMT Translation Office 2000 is a system for professional work with texts in foreign languages. The product includes 8 programs that effectively solve the problem of translation when working with documents, correspondence and when working on the Internet. The system is already well known to many users, so we will list only its main features:

the system is integrated into all Microsoft Office 2000 applications, which allows you to comfortably transfer Word documents and emails into Outlook without leaving the window of the familiar application;
professional linguistic editor PROMT provides a wide range of settings for various specialized texts, being an indispensable tool for translators and linguists;
a large English-Russian-English dictionary, which is included in the package, allows you to find a translation of almost any English or Russian word;
The WebView browser allows you to easily access information on foreign sites and search the Internet.

Translation Office 2000 was released in April 2000 and has been continuously improved and developed over the past year and a half. Among the most significant changes are the update of the translation engine (to version 1.9) in order to improve the quality of translation, and the acceleration of the mechanism for embedding translation functions into Microsoft Office 2000 applications.

This year it became possible to translate from Spanish into Russian. Thus, the PROMT Translation Office 2000 system now works for five European languages: English, German, French, Italian and Spanish.

Price: $300

Kaspersky Anti-Virus

Developer: Kaspersky Lab

Kaspersky Anti-Virus is a recognized leader in computer information protection technologies. Many functional features of most modern antiviruses were first developed at Kaspersky Lab. A number of large Western anti-virus software manufacturers use the anti-virus core of this product in their products. The exceptional reliability and quality of the program is confirmed by numerous awards and certificates from Russian and foreign computer publications and independent testing laboratories. Kaspersky Lab develops a wide range of software products to ensure information security. The company's product line includes anti-virus programs, information integrity monitoring systems and protection systems against external intrusions. Antiviruses are one of the main areas of activity of Kaspersky Lab, on which the company's main efforts are concentrated. The offered range of products is aimed at both home computers and corporate networks of any size. The company's anti-virus solutions provide reliable control over all potential sources of computer viruses: they are used on workstations, file servers, Web servers, mail systems, firewalls, and pocket computers. Convenient management tools give users the opportunity to automate anti-virus protection of computers and corporate networks as much as possible.

"Kaspersky Anti-Virus" can be purchased in computer stores and showrooms or via the Internet: through the "People's Anti-Virus" marketing program, by credit cards, in online stores, as well as from official partners of the company.

Prices for all products can be found at http://www.kaspersky.ru/products.asp?pricelist=1.

Price for products for home users with a one-year subscription: “Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal” - $50, “Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal Pro” - $69.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0

Developer: ABBYY Software House

The powerful professional dictionary ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 is very easy to use. In addition to an extensive vocabulary base, the advantages of Lingvo include a fast and convenient search system, grammatical comments on words, and the ability to create your own dictionaries. In addition, the most common English words in Lingvo are voiced by a native speaker. All this makes Lingvo 7.0 an indispensable assistant not only for translators, but also for language learners.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 (English-Russian and Russian-English version) contains more than 1 million 200 thousand dictionary entries in 18 English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries of general and specialized vocabulary (economic, scientific and technical, polytechnic, computer technology and programming, oil and gas, etc.). In this case, the user can work with any number of necessary dictionaries in all combinations.

Advantages of Lingvo 7.0:

high-quality dictionaries with modern vocabulary;
online translation using hot keys Ctrl-Ins-Ins;
creation of custom dictionaries;
free user dictionaries at http://www.lingvo.ru/;
comments on words;
live sound of 5 thousand English words;
thoughtful interface; support for drag-and-drop technology; simultaneous work with a large number of dictionaries on a virtual bookshelf.

The price of the English-Russian and Russian-English versions is $12.

Doctor Web

Developer: DialogScience

According to the results of our survey, Doctor Web was in second place, losing in popularity to Kaspersky Anti-Virus. However, DialogueScience, as is clear from the press releases distributed by the company, is not at all inclined to dramatize the situation. On the contrary (and this is an indisputable fact), 2001 became the most successful year in the career of Doctor Web - in November the program received the next, already seventh, VB100% award, awarded based on the results of the most authoritative comparative testing of antiviruses, conducted by the independent international magazine Virus Bulletin. Considering that four of the seven awards were received since September 2001, one cannot help but admit that the optimism of DialogueScience employees is not without foundation.

But it’s not just about the awards, of course. Over the past year, the program has been continuously improved, and the product has developed both “in depth” (technologically) and “in breadth” (versions have been released for various operating systems). The latter, by the way, did not go unnoticed by colleagues in the shop - it was Doctor Web for Linux that was chosen by the ASPLinux manufacturers for inclusion in the delivery of the corresponding operating system. A complete listing of all the technological know-how implemented in the program would take up too much space. Let's mention just a few of the most striking ones:

a powerful heuristic for detecting viruses that are not included in the virus database (however, the database is sometimes updated several times a day - by releasing so-called hot additions);
unique technology for monitoring viral activity, implemented in the resident guard SpIDer Guard;
full Windows memory check.

It should also be noted that Doctor Web, filled with a lot of “high technologies,” has not turned into an anti-virus “monster” that frightens viruses by its sheer volume. The developers manage to preserve the face of the program, so beloved by many users: compactness, reliability, performance and external simplicity.

Annual subscription costs $51.

The full price table can be found on the developer’s website.

FAR

Developer: Evgeniy Roshal

FAR is a powerful file shell for Windows, one of the best Norton-like file managers. The program's interface replicates the traditional Norton Commander interface (the same menu and even launching the program in a DOS window), which makes it easier to launch some older programs developed for DOS. At the same time, FAR has many new functions that make working with the program very convenient.

FAR provides a wide range of commands with files and folders (view, edit, copy, move and rename, create, delete), has a simple user-friendly interface, and provides drag-and-drop functions for copy and move operations. The program works correctly with long file names, allows you to search and view texts in several different Russian encodings, and enter the archives of most popular archivers.

FAR provides convenient access to file archives on the Internet via the FTP protocol. You can pre-configure connection parameters with an FTP server by entering the server address, name and password for access, as well as other parameters (and you can configure any number of such connections), and then connect to the server by simply selecting one of the previously configured connections. The list of FTP servers can have a branching structure, that is, you can create folders inside it and place new connections to FTP servers there or copy existing ones. After connecting, working with the server to transfer files is no different from working with files on your computer: the same functions are available for copying, deleting, creating files and directories on the FTP server.

For convenience, files of different types in FAR are displayed in different colors, and it is possible to customize the colors for each group and determine which file types are included in the group. FAR Manager is a program with an open architecture that allows you to write your own plugins.

You can significantly expand the capabilities of the FAR program and improve usability with the help of add-ons, many of which can be found on the Internet on sites with free software.

You can download the program at:

Prices: single-user license - $25, 5 users - $85.7

The Bat!

The Bat! - a powerful and convenient email client for Windows 95/98/NT from RIT Labs. The program has many unique features and is an example of how a small company can create a product that can compete with the programs of the world's giants.

The Bat! has a small volume (the installation file without the Russian interface takes about 2 MB), supports any number of mailboxes (accounts), supports the POP3/SMTP, APOP, IMAP4, LDAP protocols, provides a wide selection of interface languages with the ability to switch on the fly (17 languages , including almost all Slavic ones). You can view files in HTML format, import data from other email programs, there are built-in graphic file viewers (*.GIF, *.PNG, *.BMP, *.ICO, *.WMF, *.EMF and *.JPEG).

The Bat! has powerful message sorting filters that automate work with correspondence. The program provides a convenient text editor with formatting and automatic spell checking in several languages. Implemented absolutely correct support for all Russian and other Eastern European encodings (koi-8, win-1251, dos-866, etc.).

Additional conveniences are provided by message templates and “quick templates” that insert pre-prepared text and save a lot of time when writing letters.

The Bat! is distributed as shareware, and you can work with the full commercial version of the program for 30 days by downloading version 1.53d from: http://www.ritlabs.com/ru/the_bat/download.html, and then follow register your copy. Recommended prices for a single copy of the product: student - $15, individual - $20, commercial - $30.

T-FLEX CAD

Developer: Top Systems

T-FLEX CAD is one of the best Russian computer-aided design systems for the preparation of design and technological documentation. To create design products (drawings, models, documentation, etc.), Top Systems offers five systems that cover all levels of automation of design work: T-FLEX CAD LT (drawing automation), T-FLEX CAD 2D (design automation), T-FLEX CAD 3D SE (preparation of drawings from 3D models), T-FLEX CAD 3D (three-dimensional modeling), T-FLEX CAD Viewer (free program for viewing and printing 2D T-FLEX CAD drawings) .

The proposed systems allow a flexible approach to equipping workplaces to solve production problems, taking into account the specifics of work at each workplace and the financial capabilities of the enterprise. The possibility of stage-by-stage software and hardware equipment while maintaining the efficiency of already running programs makes the choice of T-FLEX very attractive. Comprehensive equipment with the proposed systems has the best “functionality/price” indicator.

Powerful parametric tools of the T-FLEX CAD 2D system, which serves for design automation, significantly increase designer productivity.

The economical T-FLEX CAD LT system differs from T-FLEX 2D only in the absence of parameterization tools. The system contains a set of functions sufficient to generate drawings of any complexity. Developed with the latest advances in CAD technology, sketching functions allow you to create non-parametric drawings quickly, easily and efficiently. All functions of drawing design, copying, import-export, working with texts, tables, libraries of texts and 2D elements are supported.

T-FLEX CAD 3D is the first and so far the only Russian system that uses the Parasolid geometric kernel from Unigraphics Solutions, which allows T-FLEX CAD 3D users to model three-dimensional parts and assembly structures of any complexity.

The T-FLEX CAD 3D SE system makes it possible to minimize the cost of preparing drawing documentation for three-dimensional models created in T-FLEX CAD 3D or imported from other systems.

The free T-FLEX CAD Viewer program is designed for viewing and printing two-dimensional drawings made in the T-FLEX CAD system. Users of the T-FLEX CAD system can transfer the design and technological documentation they develop in electronic form to partners working with other programs. T-FLEX CAD Viewer can also be used in technical document management systems to view T-FLEX CAD drawings.

Main features of T-FLEX CAD systems:

Friendly parameterization tools are the basis of advanced T-FLEX CAD technologies. Unlike similar CAD systems, creating parametric models in T-FLEX CAD does not require programming skills, since the designer deals with ordinary variables and functions. T-FLEX CAD's parametric relationships make it easy and natural to animate a design, providing the ability to view the movement of the design created by the designer and kinematic analysis;
optimization is one of the designer’s powerful tools, allowing you to select the best product parameters without manually adjusting the geometry. Thanks to the model optimization module, in T-FLEX CAD it is much easier to determine the parameters of bodies of a given volume, mass-inertial characteristics, equilibrium, balancing, etc.;
User dialogue is a new functionality offered today only by T-FLEX. The dialogue organizes a visual representation of the changeable parameters of a unified part of the enterprise. This makes it easier for any designer to use a parametric design and makes it possible to compactly display the parameters used. Dialogs are convenient for offering products on the Internet, since it is possible to display not only changeable variables that a potential customer can “play with,” but also information from the developer;
assembly models are the key to global design automation. A distinctive feature of T-FLEX CAD is the creation of parametric assembly drawings, which can be created both from an individual part to an assembly, and from an assembly to each part, or complexly. Using parametric drawings of individual parts created in T-FLEX CAD 2D, you can connect them into assembly drawings. Changing the parameters of an assembly drawing leads to changes in all its components.
Prices: T-FLEX CAD LT - $499, T-FLEX CAD 2D - $949, T-FLEX CAD 3D SE - $1495, T-FLEX CAD 3D - $2895.

WinRAR

Developer: Evgeniy Roshal

WinRAR is a 32-bit version of the RAR archiver for Windows, a powerful tool for creating and managing archives. There are several versions of RAR for different operating systems, such as DOS, OS/2, Windows (32-bit), UNIX (Linux, BSD, SCO, Sparc and HP-UX) and Be OS.

There are two versions of RAR for Windows: a graphical user interface (GUI) version - WinRAR.exe and a console version, Rar.exe, running from the command line in text mode.

WinRAR provides full support for RAR and ZIP archives, implements an original highly efficient data compression algorithm and a special multimedia compression algorithm. User-friendly interface supports drag-and-drop technology).

The program includes:

presence of a command line interface;
management of archives of other formats (CAB, ARJ, LZH, TAR, GZ, ACE, UUE);
support for continuous (solid) archives, in which the compression ratio can be 10-50% greater than with conventional compression methods, especially when packing a significant number of small similar files;
support for multi-volume archives;
creating self-extracting (SFX) regular and multi-volume archives using standard or additional SFX modules;
recovery of physically damaged archives.
There are other additional functions, such as encryption, adding archive comments (with support for ANSI ESC sequences), error logging, etc.

In September of this year, the next version of WinRAR 2.90 appeared.

Prices: single user license - $35, 5 users - $120.

Compass 3D

Developer: ASCON
Developer's website: http://kompas.ru

The KOMPAS-3D system allows you to implement the classic process of three-dimensional parametric design - from an idea to an associative three-dimensional model, from a model to design documentation.

A key feature of KOMPAS-3D is the use of its own mathematical core and parametric technologies developed by ASCON specialists.

The main components of KOMPAS-3D are a three-dimensional solid modeling system, a universal computer-aided design system KOMPAS-Graph and a specifications design module. All of them are easy to learn, have a Russian-language interface and a help system.

The basic capabilities of the system include functionality that allows you to design a product of any degree of complexity in 3D, and then issue a set of documentation for this product necessary for its manufacture in accordance with current standards (GOST, STP, etc.).

The basic functionality of the product is easily expanded through various applications that complement the functionality of KOMPAS-3D with effective tools for solving specialized engineering problems. The modularity of the system allows the user to determine the set of applications he needs, which provide only the required functionality.

Main features of KOMPAS-3D

Creation of three-dimensional associative models of individual parts (including parts formed from sheet material by bending it) and assembly units containing both original and standardized structural elements.
Associative views of three-dimensional models are automatically generated: sections, sections, local sections, local views, arrow views, views with a break. Changes in the model lead to changes in the image in the drawing.
Standard views are automatically built in a projection relationship. The data in the title block of the drawing (designation, name, weight) is synchronized with the data from the three-dimensional model.
Connection of three-dimensional models and drawings with specifications; during design, the specification can be obtained automatically. Changes to the drawing or model will be transferred to the specification, and vice versa.
Parametric technology for obtaining a model of standard products based on a previously designed prototype.

Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001

Developer: Cyril and Methodius

BEKM’2001 is the fifth edition of the popular Russian encyclopedia, the content of which has been constantly expanded and updated over the course of five years. Each new version of this universal program contains numerous changes and additions that allow it to always be up-to-date and reliable. Now the volume of textual information included in the “Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001” is 68 book volumes (regular format, 600 pages each).

BEKM’2001 contains:

82 thousand encyclopedic articles;
17,400 illustrations;
640 audio fragments (7 hours of sound);
420 video fragments (5 hours of video);
geographical atlas of the world;
statistical data on countries of the world;
texts of laws of the Russian Federation;
"Chronicle of Humanity" (four scales);
animated maps;
"Age of Dinosaurs";
“Earth Ecosystems” (22 multimedia panoramas);
“Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova;
“Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words” by L.P. Krysin.

BEKM is an extensive source of information in all areas of knowledge: a gigantic volume of data, a meticulously developed encyclopedia structure, a wide range of applications and a unique search engine allow us to talk about the most effective use of the encyclopedia in any area of human activity. Legal users of previous editions of BEKM will be able to exchange their discs for BEKM’2001 for $22. BEKM’2001 is distributed in two versions: 8 CDs and DVD.

Price: $45

Descartes 2.9

Developer: Arsenal

“Descartes 2.9” is a personal finance management system that takes into account all income and expenses (cash, transactions with plastic cards, transactions on bank accounts) and gives a complete picture of your financial situation. The program is not difficult to learn and serves as an indispensable tool for managing a personal or family budget.

Program functionality:

multi-currency accounts - accounts can be maintained in any currency, and a directory of exchange rates is maintained for each currency;
classification, periodization and detailing of transactions - the ability to set your own categories of financial transactions, purposes, recipients and transaction labels;
automatic entry of repeating operations at a specified frequency or within a specified period of time;
debts and loans - the ability to track transactions to repay debts, receive or issue loans with automatic accounting of interest on these transactions;
text and graphic reports - "Descartes" generates a variety of reports in text or graphic form: overall balance, dynamics of expenses and income for the period, structure of expenses and income for the period, account statement, layout according to two arbitrary classifications, date or amount. Generated reports can be printed in text or graphic form and exported to common Microsoft Word and Excel applications;
ability to work with multiple databases - this feature is included in the system at the request of users who use this program for business purposes. This is convenient, in particular, for employees of a small enterprise working on a single computer;
working with external modules - the “Export” and “Import” items of the “Document” menu are used to exchange data between this and other programs.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded at http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=35.

Price: $40

Document management system "Euphrates Office"

Developer: Cognitive Technologies:

The Euphrates system is a tool for organizing documents, successfully solving problems associated with organizing documentation support for management. Based on the client-server technology, Euphrates solves the problems of an organization's document flow.

The system provides new opportunities for comprehensive automation of office work, including registration, execution control, transfer, search and creation of an electronic archive of documents received from a variety of sources.

Main features of Euphrates Office:

automatic document entry (including OCR);
registration (automatic full-text indexing of text documents for all words of the text, taking into account Russian morphology; requisite registration of any electronic and paper documents according to any set of details, etc.);
viewing;
search (full-text and detailed search of documents on a request of any complexity using the logical operations “AND”, “OR”, “NOT”;
contextual search);
export;
seal;
creation of electronic archives;
control and executive discipline;
creating reports.

It is possible to install the Euphrates Document Server module, which ensures the collaboration of users with a single database.

Price: $199 including VAT.

IL-2. Stormtrooper

Developer: 1C: Maddox Games
Publisher: "1C"

Simulator of the legendary “flying tank” from the Great Patriotic War. The level of detail of the vehicle models is recognized as superior to most existing games from the leaders of the Western market. The quality of ground vehicle models is not inferior to the quality of tank simulator models, not to mention flight simulators. This is one of the most high-tech and historically accurate flight simulators in the history of the simulation genre. "IL-2. Stormtrooper" tells the story of the most large-scale battles that took place on the fronts in the period from 1941 to 1945. The game simulates 77 types of aircraft (of which you can fly 31), 86 types of tanks, armored vehicles and cars (both Soviet, American and German), several types of locomotives, platforms with tanks, cars and anti-aircraft guns, passenger and freight cars , Soviet and German howitzers, warships and even submarines!

The game also has a unique mission editor built into it, with which you can create anything you want. You will not be able to change the map itself, but there are practically no restrictions on the placement of objects. All types of aircraft and ground vehicles are available in the editor, each unit can be assigned a route and goals - in general, the scale of the mission depends only on the power of your computer. Especially for those who do not like simulators because of their realism, various difficulty settings are provided.

Price - about 2.8 dollars.

Consultant Plus

Developer: ConsultantPlus

The ConsultantPlus family of legal reference systems includes 18 main software products: databases on federal and regional legislation, international law, judicial practice, databases of consultations on accounting and taxation. Users of the ConsultantPlus systems have access to legal acts of the Soviet period, as well as forms of business documentation.

ConsultantPlus systems are used in practice by managers, accountants, lawyers and other specialists whose work is related to the application and analysis of legislation. Users include large, medium and small enterprises of all forms of ownership and various areas of activity.

All systems are developed using a single software technology and are equipped with the necessary functions for searching for information and working with it. Documents in the database can be found by details (adopting authority, date or time range of adoption, type of document, number), and by subject, and by any words or phrases from the text or title. The texts of the documents are provided with hyperlinks to related (amending, supplementing, etc.) legal acts. The user can print documents from the system, write them to a file, and export them to MS Word for further work.

The ConsultantPlus software shell has been certified by Microsoft for compatibility with Windows operating systems and received the Microsoft logo “Certified for Microsoft Windows - Windows 2000 Professional”.

The ConsultantPlus system includes regular information updates. The information update standard is daily via telecommunications networks or weekly via courier delivery. The systems are supplied, as well as service maintenance, by 300 regional service centers of the ConsultantPlus network in 150 cities of Russia. Service includes updating information in the system on the user's computer, free training in working with the system (with the issuance of a personalized certificate), free replacement of software versions with new ones, consultations on the operation of systems and technical support.

The cost of supplying a specific system depends on the amount of data included.

As an example, we can cite the cost of supplying and updating the two most common systems: the system under federal legislation ConsultantPlus: VersionProf and systems for information and legal support for accounting departments ConsultantAccountant: VersionProf. Installation of the ConsultantPlus:VersionProf system (34,000 documents, up to 400 new per month) costs 23,802 rubles, updating information - 1,794 rubles. Delivery of the ConsultantAccountant:VersionProf system (11,400 regulatory documents and 31,600 consulting materials, up to 110 new documents and up to 700 consulting materials per month) costs 10,300 rubles. 80 kopecks, updating information - 1,120 rubles. 80 kop. (All data and prices are as of November 2001).

Lexicon 5.1

Developer: Arsenal

"Lexicon 5.1" is a full-featured word processor for Windows 98/Me/NT/2000, developed taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian language, the specifics of document preparation and office work. The program contains a rich set of functions (it makes it possible not only to enter text information, but also to format it in almost any way, it has a convenient and practical interface with flexible configuration tools.

In addition to all the traditional functions of working with text, Lexicon 5.1 has a unique document management system “Archive” - these are document catalogs, systematized according to various criteria, regardless of the direct placement of files with these documents. This version introduced a powerful navigation tool for the first time, allowing the user to see condensed content of all open documents. The program also has a document comparison function with the ability to edit the compared text.

Lexicon 5.1 is equipped with a new system for searching and correcting spelling errors, which automatically checks mixed texts in Russian and English in the background. It is also possible to instantly correct Russian text accidentally typed in the English keyboard mode, and vice versa.

Another important feature of Lexicon 5.1 is its versatility. The editor supports file formats MS Word 6-8, RTF, TXT, HTML, DOS versions of the Lexicon. In addition, the program is fully compatible with the Lotus Notes document management system and can be used with it as the main text editor.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded at: http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=173.

Database management system LINTER

Linter is an open relational DBMS with a client-server architecture that uses the SQL query language to access data. Linter implements the international standard ANSI/ISO SQL 92, support of which ensures compatibility with other systems.

The presence of an ODBC 3.x driver allows users to receive data from LINTER by accessing the database of today's most popular applications (Word, Excel, Access). Developers can create various application programs using application development tools such as Delphi, Visual Basic, Power Builder, C/C++, etc.

A JDBC interface has been created for customers who plan to make applications that use the Internet. JDBC LINTER (JDBC 1.2 specification) allows you to write applications in Java and provides access to the database via the Internet.

Linter runs on various operating systems: MS Windows NT/2000; 3.xx/95/98, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, QNX, UNIX System V, SINIX, Sun Solaris, Digital UNIX, USIX, OS/9000, OS/9, QNX, VAX/VMS, OpenVMS, VX Works, HP -UX, Novell NetWare, MS-DOS, OS/2.

Linter can work both on one computer and in a network - local or global, supporting network protocols: IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, NetBIOS and DECNet.

An important task is data protection and access restriction. In order to prevent leakage of confidential information, LINTER has a powerful security system. At the moment, LINTER is the only DBMS that has received a certificate from the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for compliance with the 2nd class of protection against unauthorized access according to SVT.

The basis for the reliability of DBMS Linter's work with data is the system log, or transaction log, which displays all changes made to the data by all users of the system. LINTER implements four transaction modes: Optimistic, Pessimistic, Autocommit, Read-only. Data safety from equipment failures is ensured by an archiving and recovery program, and increased reliability of the information system is ensured by hot backup.

LINTER is a real-time system, so it is used in queuing systems where prompt processing of events from the outside world is required and where waiting for a transaction to complete is unacceptable for a long time when the necessary data is at the disposal of another user.

The ability to quickly full-text and XML search in large volumes of information allows you to use the system as a search engine when creating Web servers.

LINTER is constantly being improved and developed. The development team is constantly implementing new and new functions, some of which are unique to this DBMS.

ORFO

Developer: Informatik

The popular domestic development "ORFO 2002" is a package that checks spelling in six languages: Russian, English, German, French, Spanish and Ukrainian. All languages have a convenient tool for adding new words with all their forms. In addition to Microsoft products, ORFO connects to PageMaker, WordPerfect, WordPro and QuarkXPress, and the same user dictionary is used everywhere. If, for example, you prepare texts in MS Word and then transfer them for layout to PageMaker, then all new words added to the dictionary will automatically go to PageMaker.

For users working in other applications (Notepad, Navigator, Eudora Light, Exchange, etc.) or even in their own windows, checking is provided using hot keys using ORFO Agent, as well as the Standalone Speller mini-editor with built-in checking the spelling of typed text or Clipboard content.

For some languages, you can additionally order specialized dictionaries in areas of knowledge such as business, technology, medicine, etc.

The Russian grammar module, unlike MS Word, checks several more difficult cases where errors are common. The Russian module "ORFO" additionally includes: an explanatory dictionary and a grammar reference book, compiling an abstract and a list of keywords, searching and replacing words in all forms, a detailed help system, a macro command for arranging all possible hyphens, etc.

The fact that ORFO is used to check spelling in MS Office makes it one of the most common domestic programs.

Prices: “ORFO 2002” basic - $8, “ORFO 2002” professional - $99.

Well, of course, there is software that is developed exclusively for military purposes.

What conclusion can we draw from the above? That the transition to something remotely Russian is not yet in the cards for us. All software, except military software, was developed for the Windows and Mac OS X operating systems, and was developed for commercial purposes. Therefore, many software products are popular in the foreign market.

If we had hoped for Russian computer developments, we would still be sitting behind the sail and Spectrum, downloading programs from reels and cassettes. This is what we advise officials to switch to; there is a huge advantage in this - the system is absolutely safe!

The transition of Russian companies to domestic software may soon become not just a desirable, but a frankly forced measure. The sanctions agenda against companies operating in Russia is the main incentive for developing their own business solutions in the IT field. The latest wave of international bans has only strengthened this trend. At the end of January 2018, Oracle, the largest American software manufacturer, sent a letter to Russian clients from the oil and gas sector who were on the US sanctions list about tightening the conditions for the provision of their products. The ban extended to Gazprom, Surgutneftegaz, Lukoil, Rosneft, their subsidiaries and some foreign projects. Market participants recognize that even a small restriction from Oracle could cause significant damage to their business.

At the same time, federal government information systems continue to operate mainly on database management systems from Microsoft (38.6%) and Oracle (25.4%), while Russian analogues are used by only 2.9%. In Russia, programs and decisions have already been made to switch to domestic software, but this process is slowed down by certain factors. There are almost no competitive products on the market, and there is almost no demand for domestic software. Commercial companies prefer to use ready-made foreign technological solutions, while the main consumers of domestic software are government departments and companies that are forced to resort to them for reasons of state security.

In 2017, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications approved methodological recommendations for the transition of government agencies to domestic software. At the beginning of the year, plans and schedules for the transition to domestic office software for the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Transport, the Federal Tax Service, the Presidential Administration and other departments also appeared in the public domain. Russian database management systems (DBMS) in total use only 2.9% of federal state information systems (FSIS), including one system of their own development. Among server operating systems, Windows Server is the leader: it is used by 67% of the analyzed FSIS against 69.5% in 2015. Linux and Unix flavors are used in 24% and 8.5% of FSIS, respectively. The most popular open source operating system was the American Red Hat (a variant of Linux) with a share of 6.8%. Only two FSIS servers operate on the basis of Russian Linux distributions: the state services website based on Alt Linux and the “State Services” complex of the Main Directorate for Drug Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs based on MCBC. Given the successful implementation of their own software in government agencies, experts nevertheless doubt their wider distribution: but none of them have commercial potential.

Of course, there are good Russian developments on the market, but for the most part they can only work with lightly loaded systems. At the same time, the software used by government organizations is not intended for widespread use and cannot be commercialized. Considering the risk of being left without alternative software on which the business runs, it will be profitable for private firms to invest in this industry as a priority. In the future, the high costs of creating infrastructure may be justified if divided by the number of stakeholders. Of course, there are mechanisms by which companies subject to sanctions can still circumvent the ban on the use of foreign software by purchasing it for another legal entity and further implementing it. However, practice shows that when sanctions are introduced, companies that are not subject to them may also encounter difficulties. In 2014, our company had difficulties finding a contractor for maintenance and technical support for the DBMS, although we were in no way related to the sanctioned companies. In addition, no one is immune from a situation where sanctions affect the entire country, and not a separate sample of organizations. This will become an obstacle to the development of the digital economy, which will no longer be able to be stopped.

Free software is one of the alternatives to import substitution in IT. The so-called Open Source gives users the right to unlimited installation, launch and use of a program or software on any computer. The use of such software is free everywhere: in schools, offices, universities, on personal computers and in all organizations and institutions, including commercial and government ones, in Russia and the CIS countries. However, the transition to open source also has its own limiting factors. First, some industries have little or no high quality free software. Secondly, in countries with frequent cases of unauthorized distribution of copyrighted works, which include Russia, there is neither economic nor legal benefit in switching to this type of software. Users accustomed to paid content do not want to waste time studying a free analogue if it does not bring them direct benefits in a short time.

Another problem is the distribution and marketing of open source. Some paid programs and software are so popular that users do not know about the existence of other similar software. In addition, the transition to free software can be complicated by compatibility issues with other software or with existing file formats. Finally, the use of open source cannot eliminate the risks of imposing sanctions on organizations that distribute and support it. Separately, it is worth noting that in Russia, government agencies spend enormous amounts of money on IT solutions, including the acquisition of licenses, as part of government procurement. At the same time, there is successfully implemented experience from other countries that have widely transferred government departments to free software. Among them is France, which successfully transferred employees of the French parliament and the national gendarmerie to Linux (Ubuntu), and also recommended that higher education institutions use free software as a priority.

Unexpectedly, the following pattern emerges: in addition to the visible risks of using foreign commercial software, there are also significant economic benefits when refusing to use it. In addition, there are already examples of successful implementation of domestic software on the Russian market. For example, the market share of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) programs of 1C Firm is 18.7% in monetary terms. Another example is Kaspersky Lab, which specializes in creating antiviruses and protection systems against spam, hacker attacks and other cyber threats.

It is worth noting, however, that in addition to software, the problem of Russian hardware and communications equipment remains unresolved, which also requires close attention. Some work is being done in this direction: for example, Russian Elburs computers based on a domestically developed microprocessor appeared back in 2014. However, on a global scale, the question still remains open. Currently, most of the software being developed uses foreign computer technologies as hardware, which, in the event of supply interruptions, may require significant additional efforts to adapt the software.

The gradual transition and attempts to form a market for domestic software are a necessary measure in the current political situation, which can really shake up the domestic market - reduce the cost of software and adapt it to Russian specifics and laws. In addition, local technical support will facilitate the process of interaction with users. In this sense, after some time we will be able to stop looking enviously towards India, which outsources the lion’s share of international IT orders, and we will finally stop exporting “raw” brains to leading technology companies. Until then, any talk about the development of the digital economy in Russia will remain rather populist rhetoric.

Those companies that do not risk abandoning foreign software development may spend more than one year restoring their business in the event of sanctions being imposed on the entire Russian market. This can not only lead to multimillion-dollar losses, but also affect clients and ordinary consumers. The speedy transition of private businesses to domestic software, meanwhile, will help “mitigate” the consequences of sanctions. In addition, its development will reduce the cost of purchasing software and, as a result, make your product available to a larger audience. And this, as we know, always benefits business.

I think that any of the readers of this article no longer considers the words “Operating system” and “Windows” to be synonymous, because knows at least one or more other systems. For many, this will be Android; for a significant number of people, Windows Phone and iOS are known; slightly fewer people have heard about OS X, FreeBSD and Ubuntu. All these operating systems are developed by Western (mainly American) organizations. At first glance, there is nowhere for a Russian person to cast his gaze... but no. We also have our own masters.

We are already accustomed to the fact that information technologies for Russia are not a subject of creativity, but a subject of passive study. Yes, we know the world-class antivirus from Kaspersky or the currently best text recognizer FineReader, also from a Russian company. Someone will remember Dr.Web. But in the general context, this is, if not a drop, then a small puddle in the sea that makes up our computer horizons. This illusion is wrong, because Not all active participants in the IT community are evaluated, but only those who actively promote themselves through advertising or sales managers. And who is left out of our horizons? Yes, tens of thousands of domestic developers of different levels of professionalism and different areas of problems to be solved.

It's no secret that the most important component of any computer (except for the hardware inside the case) is the operating system. But do we have anything domestic to look for here? It turns out there is. Here is a short list of real projects that have been launched and have been working for several years:

I decided to consider the first one (ROSU), because... I assume that it is the most convenient for former Windows users of all the ones I have tried. More precisely: the editorial office “for the people” - Fresh (i.e. “Fresh” ROSA).

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The main problem for the user of a new operating system is mastering the new logic of working with a computer (after all, ROSA is not a clone of Windows, but a completely different OS). For example, a person who decides to switch to OS X from Apple will have to resolutely reject Windows habits, down to the “hot keys”. Here the Russian operating system has a minimum of problems: the bottom panel resembles the usual “Vendo” one in its operating logic, and the menu structure (let’s call it “START”) will please you with its simplicity and functionality.

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But this is only external “cosmetics”. Inside there are all the tools necessary even for a fairly advanced user: built-in players for a huge number of formats, a full-fledged office suite (analogous to MS Office), graphics, audio and video editors, an email client, two(!) browsers for fans from different camps (Firefox and Chromium) , a client capable of connecting to ICQ and QIP, utilities for burning bootable flash drives and disks. If necessary, we install Skype, TeamViewer and other useful programs through a convenient and concise program installer (most programs are installed and updated through this one tool without the need to update manually).

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And even with all the massiveness of the pre-installed set of programs, ROSA manages to load and shut down faster than the products of the Redmond corporation. And the problem of viruses will only bother those who purposefully install them into the system. They cannot appear “suddenly” on the computer.

With all this, the system has many unique features for the Windows user. Just think about the ability to distribute WiFi Internet from your laptop in two clicks or the ability to mock the system with experiments after turning on the “freeze mode”, and then after a reboot see the system in a “pre-frozen” state.

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In general, there are many advantages. You need to touch them to understand this. To do this, just boot into a full-fledged operating system directly from a CD or flash drive, without installing the system (unusual, right?). And if you like it, then install the system and during the installation browse the Internet or write an interesting article.

Another advantage of the Russian OS is the active and accessible Russian-speaking community