Any knife, even the best one, requires careful care. If you neglect this, then over time it may stop cutting. Therefore, it is important to choose the right knife sharpening device. Currently, you can find a huge number of stones and sharpeners in stores.
Types of sharpening stones
There are mainly three types of sharpening stones:
Features of sharpening various knives
To sharpen it yourself japanese knives, you must have sufficient skills in this field. After all, Japanese steel is very fragile, so it requires special care. Manufacturers recommend sharpening such knives on Japanese water stones. It is advisable to use several stones with different degrees of grain at the same time, which will help maintain the sharpness of the knives for a long time. for a long time. Of course, this process is not easy and requires patience.
But to sharpen kitchen knife, everyone is used to using a special sharpener. With its help you can quickly and conveniently make any knife sharp. Of course, no housewife would want to use several stones for sharpening. However, thanks to their use, the knife will cut much better.
Conditions for sharpening
Choosing and purchasing a device for sharpening knives is only half the problem. It is necessary to ensure that the knife remains sharp for several months. To do this, you should choose a favorable angle for sharpening. Some believe that the smaller the angle between the edges of the blade, the sharper the tool will be. But this is not entirely true, since such an action can lead to the fact that the knife will soon lose its cutting qualities again. That is, the sharper it is after sharpening, the faster it will become dull. In this case, a pattern can be identified: what smaller angle, at which the knife was sharpened, the less strength the cutting edge of the blade will have.
Sharpening task
The main objective of this operation is to restore the sharpness of the blade. At the same time, the correct sharpening angle must be maintained. Therefore, we can say that in its process the angle that was set earlier is restored. This angle must fully comply with all technological standards. The task is completed if the knife can be used to cut the material for which it is intended.
What problems may arise during the work process?
Of course, choosing the right angle for sharpening is difficult. Moreover, such a process is difficult if there is no special device for sharpening knives. After all, if you hold the blade with your hands, it will be very difficult to achieve a uniform sharpening with the correct angles. To resolve this issue, you can use homemade device for sharpening knives. Moreover, making it at home is not difficult. And although there are currently a huge number various sharpenings, their design is no different increased complexity, therefore, to produce such the device will go away little time.
How can you sharpen a knife at home?
One of the main tasks of every man around the house is sharpening knives. Making your own device is not only convenient, but also effective. In this case, you can independently make a device that will resemble the factory one. You can also use some available tools:
- Hacksaw.
- Wooden block.
- Chisel.
- Sandpaper.
- Plane.
- File and the like.
In some villages, it is also practiced to sharpen knives on the foundation. It is made from cement-sand mortar and has a grainy surface. Of course, this method cannot be called an example to follow. But if you urgently need to sharpen a blade, and there is no device for sharpening knives, then this is a relatively good option.
Why are drawings needed?
Knife sharpeners are inexpensive. Nevertheless, many owners want to make a device for sharpening knives with their own hands. Such a device will be of higher quality than a store-bought one, since in the process of its creation only natural materials. In order for the production of a sharpener to be completed successfully, it is necessary to carry out the process according to the proposed plan:
- Purchase or make your own drawings for clamping jaws. It is very important to draw the future design in detail. Particular attention should be paid to small details.
- Draw a drawing of the left and right stop, which is necessary in order to assembled structure didn't fall apart.
- Prepare a drawing of the guide. There are several nuances here.
Guide drawing: features
To make the guide suitable size, follows:
As you know, there are two main types of knife sharpening: single-sided and double-sided. Naturally, the methods of work in one and another case differ from each other. When working with knives, the following factors should be taken into account:
Sharpening planing knives
Sharpening planer knives is a rather complex process. To complete it, you need to master some knowledge and skills. A device for sharpening planing knives is difficult to find on sale. Therefore, many improve their cutting qualities using conventional sharpeners. But for this you need to acquire a modern low-speed water-cooled sharpener. To easily sharpen planer knife, you should find a smooth and ungreasy stone used in this area. Better to use water stone. You can find a sharpener in car workshops, where they can sharpen any blade for an additional fee.
On the YouTube channel “My Homemade Products. 100otvetov proposed the idea of a very simple budget knife sharpener made from a piece of laminate; it is very easy to make and will require a few available parts. The video shows the entire manufacturing process in detail.
We will need a piece of old laminate, two lambs, sandpaper, and a lath. First you need to make a knife clamp from a piece of laminate. Cut a piece of the required length and grind the edge down using sandpaper. This is necessary so that the block does not touch this edge when sharpening.
Now we will make two stands for support. It is necessary to cut upwards at an angle, the angle should be 2 times less than necessary. There is an error in the video that has been corrected in the annotation, as it turns out that if you measure 30 degrees on both sides, you get 60 degrees.
Now, to determine the length of the base, you need to roughly lay out the structure on the table and see where to cut the laminate and how high the stop posts should be.
Now let's cut it all off. We mark and drill holes for the knife blade holders. We fix the racks with glue or screws. You can limit yourself to glue, because the load on the rack is small. Glue on the horizontal crossbar.
The sharpener is almost ready. To make a block, you can take a strip and stick 1200 sandpaper on it. If you want to sharpen the perfect blade, then you should make several such throws with 600, 800, 1200, 1500, 2000 sandpaper.
Now you can check a simple sharpener at work.
Two more ideas for a simple knife sharpening machine. In this video you will see a couple of ideas that will help you make a homemade sharpener. First, let's take a small block and cut off the part we need from it. Then, we will disassemble two lighters and remove two wheels from them for ignition. Let's measure their diameter; it turns out to be eight millimeters. Next, mark on the block the place where we will install these wheels.
We select a drill according to the size of the wheels and make two recesses in the block. Let's process the workpiece a little and insert the rough wheels into the block. It was difficult to find knives at home that had not yet been sharpened, one of which we sharpened on the resulting sharpener.
The next option is much easier to do. For this we need the same block and two self-tapping screws. Just screw in the first screw, and then the second, with a slight inclination. The main thing is that the screw heads remain at different levels.
The device is ready and now we sharpen the second knife on it. Now let's check it on an overripe tomato. Judging by how the knives cope with slicing tomatoes, we can conclude that such a sharpener has the right to life.
The simplest variation of sharpening is homemade device from wooden and abrasive bars. To make it, you will need two bars of each type - they must be strictly the same dimensions. Wooden products must first be treated with sandpaper to remove all burrs from their surface.
The manufacturing procedure itself will not cause any difficulties. First, mark the wooden blocks: taking into account the required sharpening angle of the knives, draw lines for future fastenings of abrasive workpieces. Then apply sharpening stones to the resulting lines and mark their width on the wood. The next step is the cuts: make them according to the markings on both wooden products cuts of the required slope and depth of 1-1.5 cm. Insert abrasive bars into the recesses and secure them with bolts.
Advice. To prevent the resulting device from slipping on the surface while servicing the knives, secure it to the bottom rubber gasket– it will give the device the necessary stability.
Massive sharpener on a stand
A more complex variation of the knife - a stand with separate support and a sharpening rod attachment. To make it you will need:
- chipboard sheet;
- a block of wood 8 cm long and 2x4 cm in cross section;
- steel rod M6 or M8;
- plexiglass 6x12 cm;
- magnet with holes for fasteners;
- self-tapping screws, bolts, wing nuts;
- wooden clamps;
- rubber feet;
- saw and drill.
Sharpener construction diagram:
- Cut three blanks from the chipboard sheet: 7x8 cm, 8x30 cm and 12x37 cm.
- On the oblong side of the workpiece 8x30 cm, 6 cm from the edge, make a hole.
- Drill holes for the legs in the corners of the 12x37 cm workpiece.
- Drill two through perpendicular holes in a wooden block: the first - 3 cm from the edge, the second - 3 cm from the first. From the edge of the product to the first hole, cut a 1 cm thick recess.
- Make a slot in the center of the plexiglass strip.
- On a workpiece 12x37 cm, at a distance of 4 cm from the edge, secure the workpiece 7x8 cm perpendicularly with two self-tapping screws. Fix the workpiece 8x30 cm on top with self-tapping screws.
- At the highest point of the installed workpiece 8x30 cm, drill a small recess and fix the magnet in it with self-tapping screws. Place plexiglass on the same blank - fasten the products with a bolt through the previously made hole and slot.
- On any edge of the 12x37 cm workpiece, drill a hole for a steel sharpening rod and secure it there with a wing nut.
- Place the block on the rod, securing it with a bolt and nut.
- Using a rod, nuts and two clamps, assemble a knife holder.
- Screw the legs to the finished stand.
How to sharpen a knife correctly?
For quality, it is not enough to build one of the above-mentioned devices - you also need to master the rules manual sharpening, and understand the order of work.
First, the required sharpening angle of the tool is calculated - it must be maintained throughout the entire sharpening process. Next, using smooth movements alternately “from yourself” and “towards you”, begin to move the blade along the sharpening element - an abrasive or a rod. In one movement it should go along the sharpener from edge to edge. In this case, movements are performed perpendicular to the edge of the blade.
Important! At the end of each pass, the blade should remain on the sharpener and not tear off, otherwise you can not only dull the knife even more, but also deform its side surface.
Move the blade along the sharpener with one side until it reverse side If a burr does not appear, then turn the knife over and begin sharpening the other side of the blade in the same way. Continue sharpening alternating sides until the burrs are completely gone. Gradually reduce the pressure of the knife.
How to determine the sharpening angle?
The most important parameter for sharpening a knife is the required blade angle. It depends on the scope of application of a particular tool and the range of tasks assigned to it:
- Any type of razor – angle 10-15 degrees.
- Fillet knife – 15 degrees.
- Knife for fruits, bread and vegetables – 15-20 degrees.
- Multifunctional tools for slicing food – 20-25 degrees.
- Hunting knives - 25 degrees. Such blades are designed for cutting not only soft products, but also wood, bones, and fabrics.
- Utility knives general purpose– 25-30 degrees.
- Tourist and camping knives – 30-35 degrees.
- Knives for cutting hard materials – 30-50 degrees. The greater the sharpening angle, the worse such a knife cuts food, but the better it copes with wood, trunks, and plastic.
Please note that there are also combination knives: they are divided into several zones with different angles sharpening. The advantage of such tools is versatility, the disadvantage is the complexity of maintenance.
So, personally assembling a device for sharpening knives is an excellent way out of a situation where there is no desire to buy professional device or regularly contact a professional to service your tools. You have two options for making sharpeners different levels complexity - choose which one you can handle, and use it strictly according to the indicated rules, so that the sharpening is not only of high quality, but also safe.
DIY knife sharpener: video
Every housewife sooner or later begins to get dull knives with which she cuts bread, vegetables or cuts meat. Using a dull knife is not only inconvenient, but also unsafe. It can fall off the product being cut at any time and cause injury. Therefore, the tool should be periodically sharpened using special device for sharpening knives.
A wide range of such sharpening devices are offered in stores. But for one reason or another, they do not always suit the consumer. In this case, you can make a device for sharpening knives with your own hands, having previously studied the types of sharpening stones, the features of the tool and the proposed drawings.
Sharpening knives - necessary conditions
For effective and long-term operation knife, the most important factor when sharpening it is angle between blade edges. During the sharpening process it is necessary to restore earlier specified angle, which will fully comply with technological standards and quickly, freely and efficiently cut the material.
Each blade has its own optimal angle:
- for a razor and scalpel, the sharpening angle should be 10–15 degrees;
- knives for cutting bread, fruits and vegetables are sharpened at an angle of 15–20 degrees;
- multifunctional knives for various products are processed at an angle of 20–25 degrees;
- hunting and camping knives - at an angle of 25–30 degrees;
- knives for cutting hard materials - 30–40 degrees.
Without a special device, it is difficult to sharpen the blade at the desired angle. While holding the knife with your hands, it is quite difficult to ensure required tilt angle cutting tool. To facilitate this process there are special devices, which you can make with your own hands. Their designs are quite simple, and the manufacturing itself does not take much time.
There are many types of knife sharpeners, from which you can choose the one that best suits your needs.
All devices consist of two parts:
- a block of abrasive material;
- stop for attaching the knife.
You can use ready-made special stones as a bar or make it yourself.
Sharpening stones - types and manufacture
There are several types of stones on sale:
Water tools. When working with them, water is used, which saves the surface of the stone.
Oil The structure and shape of the stone resembles that of water, but its surface is the most oily.
Natural instruments are made from natural stones, which undergo industrial processing.
Artificial stones are made from non-natural components.
Rubber tools can also be found on sale, but working with them is not very convenient.
For self-made abrasive stone, you can use small glass plates rectangular shape and a thickness of 4–5 millimeters. On the surface of the plates using double sided tape you need to stick sandpaper of different grains. The cost of such bars will be quite small, and the sandpaper can be replaced at any time.
However, when using a glass bar, you should be very careful carefully tighten the nuts, otherwise the glass may crack. In addition, no water is used when using it, so the abrasive wears out quickly. For the same reason, when sharpening knives, you should avoid rapid movements, which can lead to overheating of the material, and, therefore, to the loss of the properties of the blade.
Device for sharpening from wooden blocks
It is enough to simply make a sharpening tool from two wooden and two abrasive bars, which should be the same size.
For greater stability of the sharpening device to its bottom surface recommended attach a piece of rubber.
Do-it-yourself sharpener from mounting corners
The basis for this device is a Lansky sharpener, drawings of which can be easily found on the Internet.
Required materials and tools:
- metal plates measuring 4x11 centimeters;
- standard aluminum corners;
- metal rods about 15 centimeters long;
- set of nuts and bolts;
- a sharpening machine with a vice or a file;
- needle file
Instead of grinding machine You can use a file, since this tool is only needed for grinding off sharp corners and cleaning the metal cutting areas.
Stages of making a sharpener:
- According to the drawing, markings are made for future holes in the plates.
- The holes are drilled and threaded.
- With the help of a file, everything is rounded sharp corners and edges. This will allow you to comfortably use the made knife.
- Holes are made in the corner in accordance with the drawing.
- The hole for the spoke support is expanded using a needle file.
- The holes for the studs are threaded.
- The rods are inserted into the outer holes and secured with nuts of the appropriate diameter (M6).
- An M8 bolt is screwed into the wider hole, the length of which should be about 14 centimeters. A wing nut must first be screwed onto it, on top of which two ordinary nuts are screwed. The bolt in the structure will be used as a support post.
- Bolts are attached to the remaining holes, with which the knife will be clamped.
- Nuts are screwed onto the ends of the rods, a corner is threaded, which is fixed with the help of nuts. By lowering or raising the rods, you can adjust the sharpening angle.
- A thin metal rod in the shape of the letter L, a rod with an M6 thread, two holders and a wing nut are used to assemble a device that will hold the sharpening stone. The outermost holder must have a through hole for the knitting needle.
This knife sharpening device has a fairly wide range of pressing angle degrees and is most convenient to use.
There are many ways to sharpen knives. Modern industry, promptly responding to the requests of professionals and just private craftsmen who want to use quality tool, has developed and is introducing into production special sharpening devices.
By using homemade sharpener for knives, you can sharpen the knife at any angle, since the sharpening angle is independently adjustable.
But it happens that the factory device for one reason or another does not suit the customer. In this case, you can make a device for sharpening knives with your own hands. This will most likely be much cheaper and, possibly, much more convenient for its creator.
A necessary condition for proper sharpening of knives
The purpose of any sharpening of a dull tool is, at first glance, simple and understandable. But making a knife sharp is only part of the solution to the whole problem. The most important factor for long and efficient operation product is the sharpening angle.
Figure 1. Cross section of the blade: 1 - cutting edge (RK), 2 - approach, 3 - sharpening angle, 4 - descent, 5 - butt.
The significance of this factor can be assessed in practice. It would seem that the smaller we make the angle between the edges of the blade, the sharper the knife becomes. But such an action leads to the fact that our object will not be able to demonstrate its improved cutting qualities for very long. Moreover, the sharper the knife turns out to be, the faster it will become dull, since a direct pattern appears here - the smaller the sharpening angle, the less strength the cutting edge of the blade has.
Thus, the task of high-quality sharpening of knives comes down to restoring the sharpness of the blade while maintaining correct angle sharpening. In a sense, sharpening is the process of restoring a previously set angle. And it can be considered correct in the case when it fully complies with certain technological standards and cuts the material for which the knife is intended as efficiently, freely and quickly as possible.
Therefore, each blade is sharpened at its own optimal angle.
However, doing this without a special device is generally difficult. The fact is that, holding the knife with your hands, it is difficult to ensure uniform sharpening with the given angles of inclination of the cutting edges.
To eliminate this problem, there are special devices for sharpening knives that you can make yourself. It is worth noting that usually their designs, despite the wide variety, do not differ in any increased complexity, and the manufacture of such devices takes relatively little time.
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Materials and tools needed for sharpening knives
The following preparations and tools will help you make simple and quite good devices:
- wooden blocks;
- a set of abrasive whetstones (musats);
- hacksaws (for metal and wood);
- electric drill;
- chisel;
- files;
- plane;
- clamp;
- set of various sandpaper;
- marking devices;
- screws, nuts.
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What types of sharpening devices are there: a few examples
It is quite difficult to describe in detail all the sharpening devices that exist today. Let's look at some of the most typical and common ones.
The first device is made from two wooden and two abrasive bars of the same size. WITH wooden blanks All burrs should be carefully removed using sandpaper. Then, depending on the required sharpening angle of the knives, preliminary marking of wooden blocks is made. To do this, a corresponding line is drawn on the block.
Techniques for sharpening knife saws: a - planing saw teeth (1 - file, 2 - block, 3 - saw blade), b - sawed through the sinuses with a hacksaw shallow depth, c - saw teeth setting, d - saw teeth sharpening (1- rubber pipe, 2 — rubber cover safety, 3 - wooden clamp, 4 - vice).
Next, a sharpening stone is applied to the marked line to fix its width on the wood. On the opposite side wooden block Corresponding lines are drawn using the principle of mirror reflection.
Along the marked lines on both wooden beams cuts are made with a depth of 1 cm to 1.5 cm. Bars of abrasive material are inserted into the recesses thus obtained. When performing these operations, you need to make sure that all the grooves coincide with the sharpening stones. After this, the abrasive elements are secured with bolts. To ensure that the resulting sharpening device is stable and does not slide on the work table, a piece of rubber can be attached to its lower surface.
The second device is based on the principle of vertical arrangement of the knife blade. In this case, the blade being sharpened will move along the abrasive bar, which is fixed at a certain angle to the horizontal and vertical surfaces. As shown practical experience, keeping the blade in a vertical position is much easier and more functional than moving the blade along the horizontal plane of an abrasive stone, while simultaneously trying to maintain a given sharpening angle.
This device is very easy to make. To do this, you need to take a pair of ready-made wooden squares of the same size. You can also make such corner blanks yourself, ensuring that they have strictly right angles. In several places of both angles, holes are drilled symmetrically into which clamping screws are inserted.
Then you need to mark the horizontal and vertical bars with a centimeter scale. The angle of inclination of the abrasive bar will subsequently be set using it. After installation desired angle The sharpener is rigidly fixed in the device by means of clamping screws.
Using this type of device in his practice, the grinder will have to become familiar with trigonometry. Using its formulas, it will be possible to accurately determine at which points of the horizontal and vertical bases of the square the edges of the abrasive bar should be secured. So, for example, with a sharpening angle of x=30°, the horizontal extension of the bar should be 4 cm, and vertically - 15 cm.
The third version of the knife sharpening device considered here is somewhat similar to the previous one. In this case, it is made wooden base, on which two side and one central pads are then placed. They are also made of wood to make it easier to cut their side edges at the angle that will be needed for high-quality sharpening.
This option involves rigidly securing two side pads to the base and a removable (with a screw) central pad. This pad will act as a clamp for the bars. The mating inclined edges of the side and central elements must have the same cut angles.
Thanks to this, it will be possible to clamp the bars at the angle required for sharpening. But, unlike the previous version with angle clamps, this method does not imply smooth adjustment of the angle of inclination of the sharpening stone. Therefore, sharpening a knife blade here can only be done in two rigidly fixed positions.
The following device is based on the exact opposite principle of the two previous versions. In this case, it is not the abrasive bar that is rigidly fixed, but the product being sharpened. The sharpening element is mounted on a fairly long rod.
With its supporting side, the rod is attached to the vertical rack. In this case, the connection of the rod with the stand must ensure free horizontal movement of the bar together with the rod in different directions. A certain one is set by the height at which the movable rod is fixed on a vertical stand.
