The Russian estate has become a separate phenomenon in architecture and interior design. And now many owners country houses are trying to reproduce this trend. Let's try to figure out how a Russian estate differs from ordinary mansions, take a little dip into the past and consider the features of such an interior.
The artist Stanislav Zhukovsky is known for his paintings in which he lovingly depicted ancient Russian estates. From his paintings you can study the interiors of houses from the mid-19th to the beginning of the 20th century.
S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Poetry of an old noble house, 1912
S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Large living room in Brasov, 1916
S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Interior of the library of a manor house, 1910s
Let’s immediately decide that we will talk specifically about estates, and not huts, towers and princely palaces. A lot has been said about huts and towers; this is also history, and more ancient. And nowadays only a few can afford to replicate the luxury and royal style of the palaces of Russian princes. And who would decide to reproduce such a style - in modern realities it's hard to imagine.
The Russian tower, as a place of residence for fairly wealthy families, can now be found mainly in ancient cities and villages. Carved platbands, wood as the main material, four small rooms around a solid stove, a veranda - these are the main differences of this structure.
The interior of a Russian hut can now be found in bathhouses; sometimes people who are fond of antiquity build dachas this way. Everything here is simple, rustic, without frills or unnecessary details.
So, having dealt a little with the towers and huts, we move directly to the estate. The name comes from “to plant” or “to plant.” An estate is traditionally understood as a country building, an entire complex, which, in addition to the residential building itself, includes outbuildings and an extensive garden. It is customary to distinguish the following types estates:
- Boyar or merchant estates that began to appear in the 17th century.
- Landowner estates, which remained the main place of residence for wealthy Russians until the beginning of the 20th century, gained particular popularity in the 19th century.
Baron Nikolai Wrangel (brother of Pyotr Wrangel, leader of the White movement) went to the provinces in 1902 to study in detail the features of the estates of the then landowners. This is how he described a traditional estate in his book: “White houses with columns, in the shady thicket of trees; sleepy, mud-smelling ponds with white silhouettes of swans plowing through the summer water...”
White or sometimes blue house in classic style, columns with Corinthian orders, a maximum of two floors, a wide porch or terrace - such appearance The Russian estate is not outdated even now.
This photo shows the Galsky estate, located in Cherepovets. Now it is a house-museum telling about the life of landowners of the early 19th century.
As for the interior of Russian estates, one should distinguish the merchant style from the later one, created under the influence of European, mainly French trends and closer to modern realities.
These photographs show the house of the merchant Klepikov, located in Surgut. The abundance of textiles is clearly visible, very simple finishing, plank floor, good quality wooden furniture. like this metal bed with springs, we are sure that many of you were still at your grandmother’s in the village. Let us turn again to Baron Wrangel, who described the interior of the estate as follows: “Inside, in the rooms, there are decorous comfortable chairs and armchairs, friendly round tables, sprawling endless sofas, wheezing clocks with a rusty bass chime, and chandeliers, and candlesticks, and sonnets, and screens, and screens, and pipes, pipes ad infinitum.”
The furniture in such an estate was often mismatched - an old chest inherited from his grandfather could sit side by side with a newfangled one. French chair or an English chair, which the owner of the house, at the whim of his wife, purchased during a trip to the city. Traditionally, a Russian estate had a hall for receiving guests and, if the size of the house allowed, balls, as well as an office, which became the owner’s men’s refuge.
This photo shows the interior of the estate, built in the village of Copper Lake (near St. Petersburg) by architects Elena Barykina and Slava Valoven for collectors antique furniture. Almost all the furnishings are authentic, but there are also modern replicas in this house, created in an antique style.
If you want to recreate the interior of a Russian estate in your home, you should adhere to the following principles:
- A mandatory element will be a wooden floor, possibly parquet or planks.
- The furniture is laconic, preferably made of dark wood, with thin legs.
- Interior doors and the baseboard are white.
- The walls can also be wooden, painted in neutral shades (but preferably snow-white). You can also use antique wallpaper that imitates textiles.
- Tables are round or oval, with beautiful tablecloths, lamps with cozy lampshades and light curtains.
As for the kitchen and bathroom, it is advisable to use tiles here. Doors kitchen cabinets you can leave them wooden or paint them like Gzhel, as in the example we presented.
Separately, it should be mentioned the influence that the Empire style or late classicism, which came from Europe, had on the interior of a Russian estate. Within the framework of the landowner's estate, this direction was called “rural empire”, becoming less pompous and luxurious.
Now some homeowners imagine the style of a Russian estate as a kind of mixture of hut, country, chalet, rustic and modern motifs.
Well, the style of the Russian estate has always been a kind of mixture of different directions, taking a lot from the classics and history of our country. However, if you adhere to the main canons, in the end you should end up with a light interior, not overloaded with furniture, cozy, fresh, quite simple and at the same time truly homely, a real Chekhov’s dacha, described more than once by the classics of Russian literature.
The layout of an ancient two-story manor with a huge living room, with a fireplace, and high ceilings.
Elegance and grace... This distinctive features, which were used to design old mansions. Everything about them radiated style, beauty and fashion. The layout proposed here old manor is the personification of classic style and design. As in the past, there is a living room with a fireplace.
Project of an ancient Russian estate
The entrance to the mansion usually starts with, double doors and a huge hall connected to the hallway, total area which reaches 17.2 sq. m. In ancient times, candles were used to provide light, but in this project they will only serve as accessories.
Exquisite decoration of the first floor
From the hall you can go through the arch into the living room. This huge space has been used to receive guests since ancient times. In the style of this room you can find discreet chic, luxury of materials and accessories, and the effectiveness of each element. Harmony reigns here, together with refined elegance and solidity.
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Layout two-story house more than 200 sq. m.
Classic is a style that will never lose its uniqueness. Huge living room with a fireplace should be decorated with paintings, clocks, Chinese vases, etc. There should be no overload in the interior, but at the same time it is important to avoid emptiness.
AND last room on the floor there is a hall. The hall is a place where in ancient times a huge number of people, including even courtiers, gathered, and major events were held here. The area of this room is 17.5 square meters. m. Its design looks incredible. The floor is patterned and shiny parquet, covered with a carpet with a classic ornament. Columns and pilasters represent ancient culture and seem to send us into the distant past.
A great solution would be coffered ceiling, as it goes amazingly with carved furniture. Wardrobes, chests of drawers, sofas, having wooden armrests, gold plated accessories, high ceilings- all these are elements of antiquity.
Stylish solution on the second floor
On the second floor there are personal apartments - three bedrooms in total. The first has an area of 15.6 square meters. m., second 21.9 sq. m., third 17.5 sq. m., in each room, great attention should be paid to lighting. For the classical style, the most characteristic is the use overhead lighting, which is presented in the form of a crystal or horn chandelier. It is very important to choose the right decorations so as not to spoil the impression.
On the second floor there is large terrace, the area of which is 8.3 sq. m., as well as a small library room with an area of 17.5 sq. m. There is also a hall, the size of which is 10.6 square meters. m., loggia (16.8 sq. m.). And, of course, there are two bathrooms.
Our country is rich in forest resources, which has led to the widespread use of lumber in construction. This material has a whole series advantages such as manufacturability, ease of processing, positive impact on human health. Individual project estate, designed by a professional architect in the Russian style and implemented by highly qualified craftsmen, will organically fit into.
The lower level of the building is often a multifunctional structure, which is also the base. Here, in addition to the garage box, there is a shower, toilet and real bathhouse or sauna.
Currently, there is an increased interest in traditional Russian architecture in our country. Original volumetric-spatial solutions are embodied in buildings reminiscent of ancient merchant or noble mansions. Individual and standard projects wooden estates are becoming increasingly popular among representatives of almost all social groups.
Architectural bureaus offer many options, ranging from inexpensive low-budget buildings to luxury buildings. , which is quite enough to accommodate the following premises on the ground floor:
- living room with a working fireplace made of natural stone;
- a large dining room next to the kitchen, which is equipped with everything necessary;
- bathroom with jacuzzi, shower and other modern plumbing equipment.
The second floor is intended for work and rest, it provides:
- bedrooms for good sleep;
- children's room or any other room for rest and relaxation;
- additional bathroom so you don't have to constantly go downstairs.
For the convenience of permanent and temporary residents, this level features a well-equipped bathroom and comfortable bathroom. The inward sloping walls with skylights special design. This approach to design allows you to make full use of all internal volume buildings at the minimum possible overall height Houses.
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Projects of villas and mansions
Movement between floors takes place via internal staircases specially designed for this purpose. The steps are made of hardwood and treated with a special wear-resistant colorless varnish. The base of the staircase is made of rolled metal with extensive use of electric arc welding, which gives it high mechanical strength. At the same time, the supporting structure is installed secretly and is not visible from the outside.
Foundation and foundation of estates
A country house made in the traditional Russian style is characterized by solidity and reliability. This is expressed in the use of one of the most durable modern building materials for the lower level - monolithic reinforced concrete. To accurately follow the chosen architectural concept and create an organic look, natural stone is used for cladding the foundation.
Combination natural wood and wild stone gives the building a special charm. At the same time, the materials used, while maintaining authenticity, were subjected to serious processing using innovative technologies. This made it possible to give the raw materials a more perfect form, adapted for construction work.
Cast together with walls and ceilings. All elements of the structure are reinforced with steel or fiberglass rods. Monolithic construction has high mechanical strength and resistance to external influences. To protect the base from moisture contained in the adjacent soil masses, a set of waterproofing measures is carried out.
To reduce heat loss through monolithic walls They are carried out using extruded polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam. The use of materials can significantly increase the energy efficiency of a building and significantly reduce the costs of its maintenance in general and heating of suburban housing in particular.
Materials for building a log house
Russian architects were famous for their skill and ability to build architectural ensembles from wood. Multi-tiered buildings with complex transitions consist of several simple log buildings combined into a single structure. As the main building material For country house logs that have been processed using special equipment are used.
During the rounding process, the material is given the correct geometric shape, which greatly simplifies the work of builders and appearance buildings. Freshly sawn trees are used as raw materials. coniferous species pine or cedar. Wood of the first type is more accessible to the general consumer, primarily in terms of cost.
The best characteristics have wood that grows in northern regions Siberia, Karelia and Pomerania. When choosing a material for building a country house, you should never skimp on its quality. It is recommended to have a qualified technician inspect the rounded logs offered by suppliers. The forest must meet the requirements of national and international standards quality.
Despite the fact that architectural trends have recently led to the emergence of a huge number of country cottages V modern style, classic houses remain preferred by many private developers. Cottage projects that have all the advantages of modern private housing, and at the same time stylized as noble estate or a rural log house is chosen by lovers of traditional classical architecture, and there are a lot of them nowadays.
The present manor has a number of characteristic features. This is a solid building with a porch located in the center of the main facade and decorated elegant columns. The entrance portico has a two-row colonnade. The roof is symmetrical, with high steep slopes.
Country estate in modern country construction
In an effort to meet the demand for cottages in traditional style, architects develop designs for estates, to one degree or another recreating noble interiors and exteriors. Houses built according to these designs have an expressive appearance, complemented by columns and risalits, as well as glazed verandas, with access to the garden or courtyard. However, instead of courtyard buildings, which were previously built adjacent to the estate itself, modern attached garages are now provided.
Classical estates of past centuries were built mainly as residential one-story houses. Today, most often these are houses, the attic part of which is equipped in the form of a residential attic, with bedrooms, bathrooms and dressing rooms. At the same time, the first floor is a day area in which family life is concentrated. Here (on the ground floor) there is a kitchen with a pantry, a living room with a fireplace, and a veranda with access to the garden.
A special decoration of buildings of this type are balconies, decorated with wooden or metal balustrades with fancy bent elements. In order to emphasize the traditional character of the house it is very important correct application colors of the facade and roof. Warm, light colors of the facade are usually combined with red or bronze ceramic or bitumen tiles.
It is worth noting that now, when designing a manor house, it is necessary to comply with much more stringent rules regarding construction technology. In the designs of estates, characteristic details and proportions are used, but at the same time, conditions regarding energy efficiency and thermal resistance of structural and finishing materials. In addition, the technology for arranging the roof has become more complex in order to prevent high heat losses through the roofing part of the building structure.
In order for modern estates to meet existing energy efficiency requirements, they are designed in a simpler form, since all kinds of bends and joints of facades are so-called “cold bridges” through which significant heat loss occurs. Visual similarity with manor houses is achieved mainly through the use of well-designed decorative elements.
Today, architects offer options for a harmonious combination of classical architecture and such current solutions, How wide glazing living room with terraced windows. The bedrooms are also widely glazed. And I plan all living spaces with windows facing south or east, so that they receive as much natural light as possible sunlight and warmth. Windows are used with a high degree of tightness and are made from modern materials.
Another common one in modern architecture the solution is the location of technical premises, attached garage and kitchens in the northern part of the house, which increases the level of energy efficiency of the home. Thanks to the use of these and many other architectural tricks, while maintaining the style and image of the estate, comfortable modern cottages are created.
