Transport services received one of the leading roles in modern world. It is no longer possible to do without organizations and firms involved in the transportation of people and goods. Construction, production, trade, everyday life - everything depends on the ability to deliver the necessary things and objects to the appointed place on time. Therefore, in our article we will talk about an irreplaceable type of service - transportation oversized cargo by motor transport. More precisely, about the rules governing the delivery of objects custom size and weight on a car or truck.
To transport oversized items, a number of rules must be followed
Definition of oversize
Oversized cargo - transported objects that do not correspond to the dimensions of the vehicle and protrude beyond its limits. If the rules for transporting such items are not followed, emergency situation on road.
There are two types of oversized:
- large - objects exceed their dimensions vehicle and partially block the roadway;
- heavy - the load weighs more permissible value the vehicle used.
Traffic regulations requirements precisely establish the dimensions and weight, the excess of which determines the transported object into the category:
- height from 250 cm;
- weight over three tons;
- cargo over 24 meters in length;
- width is more than 255 cm.
Oversized cargo includes cargo whose dimensions do not exceed 2.5 m, 13.6 m and 2.55 m (height, length and width, respectively).
If during transportation an object protrudes from the side of the car by more than 40 cm, and 1 meter from the back or front, such cargo is also classified as oversized.
Objects over four meters in width are transported only when accompanied by traffic police officers.
Cargo longer than 24 meters falls under the definition of oversized
There are traffic rules regulating the delivery of large cargo in passenger cars and trucks. The rules are described in section 23 “Transportation of goods,” paragraph 4. It states that in situations of insufficient visibility on the road, oversized cargo must be marked with special symbols. Namely: lights, stickers or reflective elements behind the red or orange color, front - white.
Previously, the transportation of oversized cargo was regulated by the Instruction, which prescribes requirements regarding permissible load on the car axle, restrictions on the weight and size of objects, the weight of a semi-trailer, etc. However, now, after the recent entry into force, it is also necessary to take into account the Regulations for the carriage of large goods.
Oversized signs must be bright and reflect light
Requirements for drivers and fines
Drivers transporting oversized cargo by road must take into account and comply with all traffic rules requirements regarding such manipulations.
- During transportation, the transported objects must not interfere with the view of the road and sidewalks from behind, in front or to the sides.
- The load must be secured securely. Poor quality fixation can lead to instability of transport and accidents on the road.
- The luggage must not impede movement or otherwise impede driving.
- Reflectors, identification marks and other markers must be in a clear visible space for other participants traffic.
- Transported oversized cargo must not cause harm environment, litter the road and roadsides, impede the movement of other cars, make noise, create a lot of dust, etc.
- For cargo protruding beyond the body by more than two meters, there are separately developed traffic rules.
There is also a limitation on the speed of transport during the transportation of heavy and large objects. Traffic rules It has been approved that oversized cargo can be transported at a speed of no more than 60 km/h on the highway and within the city, and 15 km/h on the bridge.
It is important that the transport driver does not deviate from the given route, which was previously agreed upon with the Federal Automobile and Road Service by the traffic police. If problems arise during the flight, the driver undertakes to solve them or stop further progress. Ignoring the problem may result in deprivation of your driving license for up to six months and a fine.
The driver is punished if the transportation of oversized cargo was carried out without documentary permission (if it was required), or if he deviates from the laid path. Or if the protrusion of the object beyond the boundaries of the body exceeds that indicated in the document by more than ten cm. A fine is issued if the norms for the load on the vehicle’s axle are exceeded (the weight of the load is greater than that stated in the document).
Financial penalties for legal and individuals differ significantly. A “private trader” will lose up to 3,000 rubles for a violation; an official will lose about 20 thousand. A legal entity can receive a fine of up to half a million.
Reflectors must be installed in a visible place on the vehicle
Oversized cargo designation
As was said, any large object transported by car, must be indicated. This allows you to reduce the risk of an accident to zero. These designations include:
- square metal shield with diagonal reflective red stripes, sign dimensions 40x40 cm, the shield is often replaced with a similar sticker;
- "oversized" sign;
- road train sign;
- "long length" sign;
- reflectors.
The “road train” sign can be installed in the form of a shield or sticker
Organization of transportation of oversized items
Massive heavy objects, large equipment, and special equipment can only be transported after receiving special permission. For this they provide:
- “metrics” of transported cargo;
- route;
- cargo documentation.
It may take up to 30 business days to obtain a permit, so you must apply in advance. This is required in order to study the information and the declared route. If there are communications that interfere with the progress of the route, the route or mode of transport may be changed.
The movement of a convoy with cargo also requires compliance with the following rules:
- Escort vehicles must be equipped with warning signs;
- it is important to maintain a safe distance between transport units of the convoy;
- when transporting dangerous luggage, there must be a spare empty vehicle in the convoy;
- All vehicles involved in transportation must undergo technical inspection and obtain permission to fly.
You can be refused transportation if:
- there are more safe way transport oversized cargo to its destination (railway, air or sea transport);
- the cargo can be disassembled into its components without damage;
- there is no way to ensure the safety of the cargo and others along the route ( dangerous road, a path through a populated area, etc.).
Transportation of large objects requires strict adherence to the rules: obtaining permission, route planning, size control (protrusion beyond the body, height and weight), and so on. Failure to comply with requirements may result in deprivation driver's license up to 6 months and fines. For a number of reasons, services may refuse permission to transport oversized items.
Any of our vehicles from time to time transports not only passengers, but also cargo. At the same time, it is good if the cargo fits in the body or trunk, and sometimes it is necessary to transport large cargo. And this is where the question arises: how to transport cargo without incurring a fine. And if there is a fine, what will it be? This is what we will talk about.
Rules for the carriage of goods (speaking)
Before “diving” into the depths of all kinds of rules and laws, let’s immediately say that we will be interested in cases concerning the transportation of goods up to certain sizes, that is, we will not touch upon the topic of transportation of large-sized cargo. Let's begin.
The first thing you should turn to is the traffic rules. There are 2 points worth quoting here:
23.4. A load protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front or behind by more than 1 m or from the side by more than 0.4 m from the outer edge of the side light must be marked with the “Large Load” identification signs, and dark time days and in conditions of insufficient visibility, in addition, a flashlight or reflector in front white, behind - a flashlight or a red reflector.
A picture like this would be appropriate here. If the cargo is up to and including the specified dimensions, then a sign is not needed.
Here we can say that if you violated the rules for transporting non-large cargo, that is, up to these limits, then the fine will be minimal or even a warning. (Article 12.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). This applies to cases:
(requirements from the same traffic rules).
If the dimensions “got out” beyond these limits, then we hang up a sign, or rather a “Large cargo” sign. Does this mean that protruding beyond more than 1 meter back and forth, relative to the dimensions, and more than 0.4 m on the sides relative to the side lights, the vehicle will be large?
Well, let's turn to Federal Law 257 and find a definition for a large vehicle.
large-sized vehicle - a vehicle whose dimensions with or without cargo exceed permissible dimensions, established by the Government Russian Federation
If at least one of the dimensions motor vehicle together with the cargo exceeds the established value according to traffic regulations, the cargo is considered oversized
In this case, large cargo of certain sizes must be transported according to the rules, in accordance with clause 23.5 of the traffic rules. Let us quote this point as well.
23.5. Transportation of heavy and dangerous goods, movement of a vehicle whose overall dimensions, with or without cargo, exceed 2.55 m in width (2.6 m for refrigerators and isothermal bodies), 4 m in height from the surface of the roadway, and in length ( including one trailer) 20 m, or the movement of a vehicle with a load protruding beyond the rear point of the vehicle's overall dimensions by more than 2 m, as well as the movement of road trains with two or more trailers are carried out in accordance with special rules. International road transport is carried out in accordance with the requirements for vehicles and transportation rules established by international treaties of the Russian Federation.
Please note that we have not only one size left, when the load outreach from the rear is more than 1 meter, but up to 2 meters. In this case, cargo of this size is not required to be transported according to the rules, but it is necessary to attach the “Large Cargo” sign to it.
Actually, we can already draw some conclusions.
If the dimensions do not exceed 2.55 m in width, 20 m in length, 4 m from the road in height and 2 meters in the back, then even if it is a large cargo, it is transported without special rules, that is, only in accordance with traffic regulations.
If the dimensions are more than that, then according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated November 8, 2007 No. 257-FZ “On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation,” road users are prohibited from carrying out transportation by highways large cargo without special permits.
We will not talk about these permits, that is, as we said right at the beginning of our article, we only touch upon cases for ordinary motorists, and not for professional carriers. Let's tell you better about the fine if your cargo extends beyond the limits indicated in the last picture.
Fine for transporting protruding cargo (Article 12.21 and 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation)
Here we have three options regarding what the fine for the cargo may be. The first, when traffic rules for the transportation of goods are violated:
Does not restrict the driver's visibility;
- does not complicate control and does not affect the stability of the vehicle;
- does not cover external lighting devices and reflectors, registration and identification marks, and does not interfere with the perception of hand signals;
- does not create noise, does not generate dust, does not pollute the road or the environment.
The second is when it is necessary to install a “Large cargo” sign if the cargo protrudes beyond the rear clearance by more than 1 meter, but not more than 2 meters. If this sign is not installed, then... For these two options, a fine will be issued under Article 12.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Violation of the rules for transporting goods, as well as the rules for towing, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 rubles.
However, the third option is when the cargo is large and, moreover, requires special permission, that is, it goes beyond the dimensions. This will already be a fine under Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
If the size exceeds no more than 10 cm (without a formalized permit available) - 1000-1500 rubles (individuals) (part 1);
- if the dimensions are exceeded by 10-20 cm (without a formalized permit available) - 3000-4000 rubles (individuals) (part 2);
- if the dimensions are exceeded by 20-50 cm (without a formalized permit available) - 5000-10000 rubles (individuals) (part 3);
- if the size exceeds more than 50 cm (without or with a formalized permit) - 7,000-10,000 rubles (individuals) or deprivation from 4 to 6 months (part 6).
In fact, it is clear that the worst thing is if the load protrudes more than 50 cm. In this case, a very large fine or deprivation of a special right for up to six months.
Detention of a vehicle when transporting protruding cargo
It is noteworthy that for a violation under Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, that is, for our third case, detention may be used. This possibility is spelled out in Article 27.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Moreover, if your car cannot be loaded onto a tow truck, they can simply install blocking devices. We read 27.13 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
...If it is impossible technical specifications of a vehicle, its movement and placement in a specialized parking lot in the event of an administrative offense provided for in Part 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of Article 12.21.1 or Part 1 of Article 12.21.2 of this Code, the detention is carried out by stopping the movement using blockers devices.
As a result, you will remain there until you eliminate the reasons that led to the detention.
Is it possible to pay a fine for a protruding load with a 50 percent discount?
If you still failed to avoid a fine, then you should not forget about Article 32.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Thanks to it, respectable motorists have the opportunity to pay a fine with a 50 percent discount. This article allows you to receive a kind of “discount” if the fine is paid within the period from the moment it appears in the traffic police fines database, but no later than 20 days from the date of the decision.
Questions and answers on the topic “Fine for protruding load”
Question: With what protrusion of the load beyond the clearance and side lights can you drive “painlessly”, without installing signs?
Answer: Forward and backward no more than 1 meter relative to the clearance, up to 4 meters and on the sides no more than 0.4 meters relative to the side marker light.
Question: Up to what size can a protruding load be carried in the rear without special permission?
Answer: Up to 2 meters, while from the protrusion of the load from 1 to 2 meters, it will be necessary to hang a sign “Large cargo”.
How much can the load stick out from the trailer? What is the acceptable limit? oversized cargo
- 1 m behind.
on the sides 0.4 - Up to 2m 55cm (2m 60cm - for refrigerators and isotherms) - width (but not more than 40cm from any edge of the vehicle to the edge of the load), 4m 00cm - height from the road surface to the highest point of the vehicle (vehicle) or transported cargo located on Vehicle, 20m 00cm - total length "clean" (vehicle+load+trailer = from the beginning of the vehicle to the protruding part of the load or trailer), but no more than 2m of protrusion of the load beyond the vehicle - THIS IS OVERSIZED TRANSPORTATION. Exceeding the limits of any of the indicators is OVERSIZE TRANSPORTATION.
- rear max 2m, side 40cm
- A load protruding beyond the front and rear dimensions of the vehicle by more than 1 m or from the side by more than 0.4 m from the outer edge of the side light must be marked with the “Large Load” identification signs. When transporting large-sized cargo in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility, in addition, the pile must be marked in front with a white lantern or reflector, and at the rear with a red lantern or reflector.
Transportation of oversized cargo and movement of a vehicle, the overall parameters of which, with or without cargo, exceed 2.55 m in width (2.6 m for refrigerators and isothermal bodies), in height 4 m from the roadway surface, in length (including one trailer) 20 m, or the movement of a vehicle with a load protruding beyond the rear point of the vehicle's overall dimensions by more than 2 m is carried out in accordance with special rules.
In practice, the protrusion of the load to the side is measured from the side lights, the protrusion to the rear - FROM THE EXTREME POINT OF THE BODY (trailer). If the back is more than 1 meter, but less than 2, then you need to mark the load, and not with a red rag, but with a sign or a lantern. If the protrusion is less than 1 meter, you don’t have to do this. If the protrusion is more than 2 meters, then you cannot drive without special permission.
Transportation of large and heavy cargo without special permission and a special pass if obtaining such a pass is mandatory, as well as with a deviation from the route specified in the special permit
fine: per driver from 2000 to 2500 rubles. or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a period of 4 to 6 months. , for officials from 15,000 to 20,000 rubles. , on legal entities from 400,000 to 500,000 rub. / confiscation of a driver’s license, since July 1, 2008, detention of a vehicle
Transportation of large-sized cargo exceeding the dimensions specified in the special permit by more than 10 centimeters
fine: per driver from 1500 to 2000 rubles. or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a period of 2 to 4 months. , for officials from 10,000 to 15,000 rubles. , for legal entities from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles. / confiscation of a driver’s license, since July 1, 2008, detention of a vehicle
Transportation of heavy cargo exceeding the permitted maximum weight or axle load specified in a special permit by more than 15 percent
fine: per driver from 1500 to 2000 rubles. , for officials from 10,000 to 15,000 rubles. , for legal entities from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles.
Violation of the rules for the transportation of large and heavy cargo, except for the cases provided for in parts 1 to 3 of this article
fine: per driver from 1000 to 1500 rubles. , for officials from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles. , for legal entities from 150,000 to 250,000 rubles.
Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation
But I transported such an oversized cargo from St. Petersburg to the Sea of Azov for 2300 km - no problems arose at all. Trailer - 5.3 meters. The boat is 6.2 meters. The protrusion is 0.9 meters - you didn’t even need a sign.
According to the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as traffic regulations), the permissible vehicle width is 2 meters 60 centimeters for refrigerated vehicles and isothermal vans and 2 meters 55 centimeters for other vehicles. Max Height vehicle – 4 meters. The maximum length of a road train including one trailer cannot exceed 20 meters, while the length of the tractor and the length of the trailer cannot exceed 12 meters.
The permissible weight of a two-axle vehicle (hereinafter referred to as vehicle) cannot exceed 18 tons, 25 tons for a 3-axle vehicle and 32 tons for a 4-axle vehicle. The weight of a 3-axle road train must not exceed 28 tons, a 4-axle road train 36 tons and a 5-axle road train 40 tons.
The maximum axle load at a distance of more than 2 meters between nearest axles should not exceed 10 tons per axle, at a distance from 1.65 to 2 meters inclusive 9 tons, at a distance from 1.35 to 1.65 m inclusive. maximum axle load should not exceed 8 tons, with a distance from 100 to 135 cm, the maximum axle load should not exceed 7 tons, and with a distance between nearest axles, the maximum axle load on 1 axle should not exceed 6 tons.
All vehicles, which do not fit into the specified restrictions are oversized and for their movement on public roads it is necessary to obtain special permits. For driving a vehicle exceeding these dimensions, the driver is fined or the driving license is confiscated in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
The main problem is drivers' lack of understanding of these standards. So let's break it down into questions and answers.
B: car width 2.55 + mirrors. Is it oversized?
A: no, this is the size.
Q: Is it acceptable to overhang the load by 0.4 m on each side and 2 meters at the rear?
A: yes, but the width of the loaded vehicle cannot be more than 2.55 m, and the length of the road train cannot be more than 20 meters.
Q: What does the phrase “pierced along the axes” mean?
A: For example, a 3-axle truck drives onto the scale. The total weight is less than 25 tons, the distance between the rear axles is 135 cm, but the load on the rear bogie is 20 tons, i.e. not 8 tons per axle, but 10. This is not much better than that, if the truck weighed more than 25 tons.
Q: I was carrying tires (tires are taken as an example), on the road they fell apart, the awning was opened and my license was taken away. IDPS right?
A: Yes, IDPS is right because the dimensions of the vehicle are exceeded, but there is no permit. The driver is responsible for exceeding the dimensions.
Q: Will the walls of the refrigerator, which according to documents have a width of 2.6 m, be “inflated” even without cargo, be taken away?
A: yes, they will take it.
Q: The height of the vehicle on raised cushions (meaning axle cushions, similar to springs) in the transport position is 402 cm, will your license be taken away?
A: yes, the rights will be taken away. If in the transport position the vehicle exceeds the size, then this is your problem; the IDPS does not care about them. Try to bleed the air during stops or look for legal grounds that the measurement of your vehicle was not carried out in accordance with GOST.
Q: According to the documents, the cargo is 20 tons, it fits within the clearance, on the scales it turned out that there are 25 tons, who is to blame.
A: the shipper is to blame, he will pay for the entire “representation”, but, often, it is not always possible to immediately prove this, so legal delays are possible.
As you can see, the working conditions are quite tough and the driver almost always has a good chance of being left without documents, but you should not be afraid of this and give money, since giving a bribe is a serious offense, and your guilt has yet to be proven in court. According to the stories of those who transport oversized cargo, there are years when they drive for 8-10 months a year not with a license, but with a temporary permit. The main thing is to know the laws, and not at the “heard somewhere” level, but the literal wording and, if possible, carry a collection of laws with you.
Often during transportation it is necessary to transport various oversized cargo. There is no clear definition in the traffic rules for this.
It is generally accepted that a load is oversized if it does not meet the requirements and exceeds the size of the vehicle itself, as a result of which the risk of accidents increases. Therefore, oversized cargo must be highlighted in such a way that other road users can notice it from the outside. long distance and take steps to ensure safety.
There are two main types of this type of cargo:
- large - exceeds the size of the vehicle and may block part of the roadway;
- heavy - its weight is greater than the maximum permissible weight which this vehicle can transport.
When it comes to freight transportation, oversized cargo exceeds the following parameters:
- its height is more than 2.5 m;
- weighs from 38 tons;
- length starts from 24 m;
- width - from 2.55 m.
What is the penalty for non-compliance?
It should also be recalled that the administrative code provides for punishment for improperly organizing the transportation of oversized items without the appropriate permission.
- In particular, Article 12.12.1 Part 1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses states that the driver will have to pay a fine of 2,500 rubles.
- The official who authorized such transportation will be required to pay 15-20 thousand rubles.
- And for a legal entity, liability is imposed in the form of 400-500 thousand rubles.
Under the same article, a driver can be deprived of his driver’s license for up to six months.
Based on all these factors, the driver and the responsible person may receive not only a fine for oversized cargo, but also lose their license. Therefore, it is necessary to study and strictly adhere to the rules for transporting oversized items, which are described in the traffic rules.
Large cargo sign
First of all, the vehicle is marked with a special sign “Large cargo”. It is a metal plate with diagonal white and red lines on it. The size of the shield is 40x40 cm. It is also possible to use stickers of a similar size.
The surface of the sign must be reflective so that it is visible both during the day and at night.
In addition to this plate, any truck must be marked with the following signs:
- road train;
- large size;
- Long Vehicle.
Install this sign necessary on those parts of the load that protrude above the roadway. Reflectors are also used. They should be white in the front and red or orange in the back.
Oversized cargo - transportation by passenger transport
You can often see how passenger cars similar to cargo trucks, they transport oversized cargo that protrudes above the roadway. Drivers of passenger cars are also subject to liability for violating transportation rules, so they should be considered.
The following cargo is considered oversized:
- protrudes more than one meter from the back or front;
- from the side - 40 or more centimeters.
If you are dealing with this type of transportation, then you must use the above plate (sign) and attach it directly to the protruding parts of the oversized cargo. At night, in addition to the sign for oversized cargo, use reflectors - white in front, red in back.
The load must be placed in such a way that it does not block the driver’s view, there is no risk of it slipping, and it does not cause harm road surface or auxiliary structures.
Please note that if the load protrudes from the rear or front by more than 2 meters, and the total width exceeds 2.55 meters, then its transportation in passenger vehicles without special permission is prohibited. If an inspector stops you, there is high probability that a corresponding protocol will be issued and you will be deprived of your rights for up to six months.
Organization of transportation of large cargo
If you are planning to deliver massive objects by road, for example, heavy equipment or large agricultural machinery, you must take care in advance to obtain permission from the regional branch of the Ministry of Transport.
You will need to provide the following information:
- metric parameters of transported equipment;
- the route along which the convoy will move;
- quality certificates and additional documents, confirming the characteristics of the cargo: dangerous, large, non-hazardous, and so on.
It may take up to 30 days to coordinate routes and obtain permission. The Ministry of Transport will analyze the route, and if it turns out that there are any communications along this route that impede travel (low bridges, overpasses, overhanging power lines, narrow sections of the road), then the route may be revised. It is possible that you will need to use another mode of transport, such as rail or sea.
In special cases, they may be escorted in the form of several patrol cars with orange flashing lights. They will not give any priority in traffic, but will warn other car owners of a potential threat.
If a convoy consisting of several long vehicles is moving, the following requirements must be met:
- accompanying vehicles with flashing lights in front and behind the column;
- the distance between each unit of transport must ensure safety;
- if dangerous goods are transported, the presence of another additional heavy-duty vehicle will be required in order to transfer the cargo to it in case of unforeseen situations.
In poor visibility conditions, all vehicles must be equipped with warning lights.
There are also cases when transportation of oversized items may be refused:
- it is possible to transport it by other means - railway, air or sea transportation;
- the cargo is divisible, that is, it can be disassembled without damage;
- 100% safety cannot be ensured, for example, if the route runs through settlements or near dangerous sections of the road.
Well, the most important point- only technically sound vehicles are allowed for such work. Therefore, before starting, it is necessary to undergo a complete diagnosis and eliminate any faults. Drivers also undergo a mandatory medical examination and adhere to work and rest schedules.
