Electromagnet connection. Types and types of electromagnetic locks and features of their installation

You will forget the advantages and disadvantages of conventional locks when you buy an electromagnetic one. A power consumption of 5 W creates a force of 350 kg (Falcon EyE). Just take the trouble to install the equipment correctly. Let's quickly see how the electrical connection occurs. magnetic lock.

Electromagnetic lock device

We saw a magnetic crane in operation at the reception point. 5 W of energy will hold more than a third of a ton, how can you believe it? Athletes train for years, most in the deadlift are unable to lift the weight, the power required is 5 W ... 5 J / s, a little more than 1 cal, 4 kcal comes out every hour ... 1 gram of sugar. Great? 1 gram of sugar lasts a third of a ton an hour! The supernatural abilities of the electromagnetic lock are obvious. The energy consumption is so small, incomparable to a dim light bulb illuminating staircase. The LED is resting...

The principle of operation of an electromagnetic lock is interesting! – The first question, drilling the brain. Let's start by looking at the structure that creates the force. Inside the electromagnetic lock there is a coil that wraps around a core in the shape of the letter W, the edges protrude outward, and anyone can touch it by opening the entrance door with a button. The belly of the electromagnetic lock is filled with compound, and there is a coil inside. Internal organization electromagnetic lock is exhausted. The formula indicates: the force holding a steel plate fixed to a door stationary depends on:

• Mutual contact area between the core and the plate;
• Number of turns of wound wire;
• Current.

Since the resistance of the electromagnetic lock coil is purely ohmic, it turns out that the force depends on the voltage. Increasing the voltage increases the current, according to Ohm's law (I = U / R). Powers most electrical magnetic locks comes with a 12 volt network. Some manufacturers draw graphs of the dependence of holding force on voltage. It can be seen: the curve quickly grows to 10 volts, then smoothly bends and becomes parallel to the abscissa (horizontal) axis. Excessive increase in power supply causes the winding to become very hot. The compound prevents cooling and interferes with service maintenance.

If you are desperate to find 12 volt DC power, install a limiting resistor. The goal is to reduce the load on electromagnetic lock. Using a tester, we measure the resistance of the coil (at the terminals). Then we will do the calculation based on a simple proportion: Ulock / Uresistor = Rlock / Rresistor. Remember, the sum of Ulock and Uresistor gives the supply voltage, Ulock ultimately equals 12 volts. Let's take an example:

1. Let's say the controller board and intercom are powered by 24 volts DC.
2. Tester measurements showed: the resistance of the electromagnetic lock winding is 30 Ohms.
3. We solve the proportion: 12 / 12 = 30 / R resistor. Ulock + Uresistor = 24 volts.
4. Where we find it: a 30 ohm resistor is required. We take the resistance of the E24 series (see the review about the marking of resistances and capacitances, for example). The nominal accuracy is 5%. If we take 33 ohms, the lock's holding force will drop by 5%. Therefore, let it work better under more high voltage, if the resistance has a downward slope.
5. It's time to calculate the power dissipation. We divide 12 volts squared by 30 ohms, we get 4.8 W, roughly speaking, 5. Circuit resistors are marked with the Latin numeral V. Look for the product here http://www.eliron.ru/catalog/rezistory/. Study Aliexpress. For half a thousand you'll get a few hundred pieces. They will be sent to the Russian Post Office.

Electromagnetic locks can be repaired. The compound is missing, remove the coil and replace it. The core is glued together from strips of electrical steel sheet. Designed to reduce the effect of residual magnetization. There are solid cores made of soft magnetic materials. The residual effect is higher. There is no heating, the current is constant. The release of heat is caused by two phenomena:

1. Magnetization reversal of steel by an alternating field. A residual effect is formed after turning off the current in the electromagnetic lock.
2. Eddy currents (Foucault).

Both phenomena are eliminated special measures. Currents are blocked by varnish insulation between the plates, electrical steel is weakly magnetized. Does not eliminate the residual effect completely. If the core is solid. Often, a high-capacity capacitor (above 200 µF) is connected inside the electromagnetic lock parallel to the inductance of the coil. After turning off the voltage, an oscillatory circuit is formed, generating alternating current, discharging through the winding.

The direction of the field changes direction quickly. The current fades, energy is spent on reversing the magnetization of the core. The tension quickly subsides and the door opens without any problems. Otherwise, the phenomenon of residual magnetization can greatly ruin people's lives. Not just physically weak. The capacitor failed, the door began to be opened only by bodybuilders - the time had come to install a new non-polar capacitor, parallel to the lock terminals.

Installed lock

The price of the item reaches 250 rubles. It depends on what model of capacitor you take. It remains to add: the phenomenon of self-induction when the power is turned off causes a strong self-EMF (reminiscent brushed motor), causing sparking on external buttons and relays. To avoid reducing the service life of associated equipment, choose controllers equipped with output stages of electronic switches: transistors, thyristors various types. The effect is blocked by a diac (DIAC - diode symmetrical thyristor), which limits the current in both directions (smoothes out oscillations), sparking is completely suppressed.

Installing an electromagnetic lock

Firstly, there are locks that operate to close and open voltage. It is suggested to set the jumper switch correctly. The number of output terminals increases to five:

• Two contacts are used to supply power (for example, 12 volts).
• Three contacts will serve as a switch, two of them are supposed to be used. COM (common) always works, the state of the other is determined by the rule: whether the button, the controller in the normal position is closed or open.

Select the controller accordingly. The type of lock described in the previous subsection is produced by the OLEVS factory and is simply controlled by the presence of power. Before installation let's find out:

1. Is there a quenching two-way limiting thyristor?
2. Is the residual magnetization blocking electrical capacitance built inside?
3. Lock behavior, control methods, options.

Don’t forget, the equipment often needs to be paired with an intercom. The controller is provided with an input for unlocking the lock by pressing a single button (including the one located at the door to the street). Often the lock is used in pitch darkness, it is good if there is a power terminal for the backlight LED on the front intercom control panel. The visitor immediately sees where to place the magnetic key.

Please note: for reasons of low magnetization, the steel plate mounted on the door is practically devoid of alloying additives. Virtually defenseless against corrosion. The factory applies a protective coating:

• Varnish is the cheapest option. The layer is thick and short-lived. The increasing distance between the steel plate and the lock reduces the force of attraction.
• Let's call zinc a compromise option. The layer is durable and beautiful. The pressing force of the electromagnetic lock decreases, reduced by the increased gap.
• Nickel is considered the most expensive, high-quality coating. Beautiful, resists rust. Being ferromagnetic, nickel is attracted by the lock. Therefore, it reduces the pressing force little.

The steel is rusty - avoid pulling and waiting for problems to start. Take fine sandpaper, remove traces of corrosion, and varnish. Of course, if you have a friend who operates a home metal anodizing installation, please contact us. Getting zinc chloride is a matter of technology. You can get hold of nickels by allocating finances. Exist folk remedies, similar to the emulsion obtained by adding a paraffin candle to kerosene.

“If the contact area of ​​the door is covered with a plaster, it is quite possible that the entrance has been marked by those preparing a robbery. The technique is mercilessly exploited by thieves to illegally enter someone else's territory. It will be right, bypassing management company, call the police, ask necessary questions. The cops will sort it out. It is useless to remove the patch on your own; they will re-apply it. Increasing the gap between the contact pad and the lock reduces the force of attraction. Thieves will be able to open the door with their bare hands.”

An electromagnetic lock can be installed on the jamb. To be comfortable and look beautiful. For a better fit, use two washers under each screw, a steel one from the jamb, and a rubber one on top. Allows the contact pad to wobble slightly, tightly adjacent to the core. TORX hex head screws last longer. Before connecting the electromagnetic lock, select the installation option:

1. The lock is placed on the top jamb from the inside, with the core facing the door. The contact pad is mounted opposite. No additional fastenings are required.
2. If the door is glass or transparent, it is permissible to install the lock with the contact pad inward. The steel plate is replaced with a Z-shaped angle. The door is supposed to open into the room.
3. If the jamb is too narrow, if it is not possible to install an electromagnetic lock behind the door, you can widen the surface with a corner. Carry out installation on top, as in the first option.
4. Sometimes you have to open the door to the side on which the lock is located. The contact pad should be positioned horizontally, along the top. This is done using a corner. Similarly, the plate is placed horizontally. The gap is minimal. It’s clear, it’s difficult to calculate, but it’s convenient to use adjusting washers. Please note: the door will warp and the system will not function properly.
5. The last described method can be supplemented with a decorative PVC profile around the perimeter. Position it so that the electromagnetic lock is hidden.

With any of the methods it is easy to combine connecting a video intercom with an electromagnetic lock. But most often the first one is used. The connection diagram of the electromagnetic lock depends entirely on the control (as should already be clear), and some also have a switch for selecting the supply voltage. So there will be something to puzzle over.

Then the electromechanical lock is linked (connected) to the subscribers’ keys. This is done through the controller. To simplify the process, a master key is used, but that's another story. That's all they wanted to say about connecting an intercom with an electromagnetic lock.

Installation of the mechanical part of an electromagnetic or electromechanical lock is carried out in the same way as installation of a conventional locking device. Laying power wires and connecting them to the control system is the most difficult to work with.

We connect and configure the electromagnetic lock with our own hands

The owner of an electromagnetic device who decides to install and connect it himself must begin work by carefully studying the instructions and electrical connection diagram. If the main mechanism is narrower, you need to install auxiliary devices: a code reader and an exit button. To work you will need:

• electric drill;
• screws for wood or metal;
• pencil;
• screwdriver.

It is advisable to place the reader device as close to the lock as possible, and the exit button on door frame.

The reader wires must be securely hidden! To do this, a through hole is drilled in the door, through which the wires will be routed inside. The channel itself will be covered by the housing of the reading device.

For further work you will need a two-core cable with a cross section of 0.5 mm. It is advisable to use a cable rather than a wire; an additional protective coating will protect against external damage. The procedure should be as follows:

1. Studying the connection diagram of the lock to the controller. The wires have different colors, which makes the work much easier.

1. Laying the cable from the lock to the controller. The cable must be placed so that it can be hidden under the door frame trim. For installation on the door leaf, a corrugated pipe or special cable ducts are used, which are attached to the door.

1. Installation of all components of the lock connection diagram. The power contacts should be connected last to prevent short circuits.

For convenience, it is necessary to connect the wires before installing the controller in its original place.

1. Connect the lock to the power supply and check its operation. If everything is done correctly, a buzzer will sound when the controller is connected to the network.
2. Disconnect the lock from the power supply, install the controller in its regular place next to the voltage source, for example, a 220 V socket, and connect it again.
3. Now you can start setting up the electromagnetic lock:
   • if the lock is controlled by a card with a code, you must press the “Registration” button and bring each card one by one to the reader, then press the “Registration” button again. The lock is programmed;
   • The combination lock is configured in a similar way: after pressing the “Registration” button, the desired code is entered, which is fixed by pressing the button again.
   • invisible locks with remote control remote control They go on sale already configured.

1. Check the operation of the configured locking device.

The connection of the electromagnetic lock is completed.

Self-installation and configuration of an electromechanical lock with video intercom

Installation process

To install an electromechanical locking mechanism you will need:

• electric or hand drill;
• Bulgarian;
• hammer and chisel if the door is wooden;
• set of self-tapping screws;
• screwdriver;
• pencil.

Having prepared the tools, carefully study the installation instructions. This work does not require special skills, so you can immediately begin installation, which is done like this:

1. We attach the mechanical part to the door and mark the placement location.

1. For mortise lock preparing seat using a grinder or chisel.
2. We do a test fitting and check that the seat matches the dimensions of the lock.

1. We drill a hole for the cylinder and the calling panel of the video intercom with a camera. The gateway is made on a wooden canvas feather drill, on metal - by drilling small diameter holes around the perimeter.
2. Using a drill, we prepare channels for self-tapping screws.
3. We mark and install the fixing strip on the door frame. For a mortise lock, it is necessary to make recesses for the bolts to fit into.
4. We mount the lock, secure the parts with fastening screws and self-tapping screws, and connect the control wires to inner part doors.

It is necessary to ensure that the wires are positioned freely and are not crushed or chafed.

1. We check the operation of the mechanical part of the locking mechanism.

Connection

If everything is functioning normally, you can proceed directly to connecting the product:

1. We begin connecting the electromechanical lock by studying the electrical circuit.

1. We do key programming. To do this, you need to set the jumper on the back of the magnetic reader to the “Programming” position. We apply one of the keys to the reader for 1-2 seconds, wait for the buzzer. Now we have a master key that will allow us to configure the rest. To put the remaining keys into operation, you must perform the following steps:
   • do not install the jumper;
   • press the lock opening button, holding it, touch the master key to the reader;
   • wait until the lock closes and the sound signal sounds;
   • touch the reader with the key that needs to be programmed.
   • Repeat the procedure for each subsequent key.

The same method is used to erase keys from the controller’s memory.

1. To connect a video intercom you will need a 2x0.5 or 2x0.75 cable. We select a location for installation and determine the length of the cable. To connect, you will need two pieces of cable: they will connect the calling panel to the videophone, the second will connect the lock to the power supply.

1. Using the connection diagram, we connect the wires exactly according to the instructions. Various manufacturers use different colors to designate connecting cables, so it is important to find in the instructions the purpose of each wire for a specific lock model.

End of work

After completing the connection, you need to check the functionality of the system. If everything works correctly, we produce final installation all systems as follows:

1. We lay the cable in specialized boxes and secure them to the door and wall.
2. We drill holes in the wall for mounting the intercom and install it in its regular place.

The magnetic lock is connected and the system is ready for use.

It is important to securely fasten all lock mechanisms, mounting screws and self-tapping screws to avoid distortion and failure of the mechanism.

Installing electric locks yourself allows you to save a lot of money and acquire skills that will become indispensable.

A video will be useful as visual instructions for installing and connecting an electromechanical lock with an intercom.

Alexei

There are a huge number of reasons that require a locking device on the door. The most compelling of these is safety, but there are others, such as the need to be secluded in a separate room.

In such cases, installation and installation of an electromagnetic lock is required, as one of the most reliable and durable.

We will tell you how to do this without resorting to the services of specialists in this article.

Magnetic locks and their scope of application

Locking devices of this type can be installed on almost any door. Of course, there is no point in using them for bathrooms and toilet rooms.

Which is better, mechanical or magnetic, let’s look at the differences:

Moreover, the doors in them usually have a hollow interior and it is impossible to install an electromagnetic lock on it. Most often, this type of device is mounted on wooden structures that have a certain strength.

Locking mechanism design

These locks come in various models. This may be an option with a round response plate or a rectangular device with a compartment for the controller.

Structurally, an electromagnetic lock is a housing containing an electromagnet and an armature, which has a high magnetic permeability.

The lock model is selected so as to exclude the possibility of opening the door by force.

How does a magnetic device work?

For proper operation, the lock must be connected to the electrical network. From it, a current is supplied to the coil winding, which leads to the formation magnetic field. This in turn attracts the metal striker to the lock and keeps the door closed.

Opening occurs when you press the exit button and turn off the voltage. As soon as the power is turned off, the magnetic field will disappear, which leads to the opening of the door.

Watch the video, how it works:

That's the whole principle of operation of an electromagnetic lock. It is simple and reliable, which made it possible to use such devices on almost any door.

What is meant by installation

Before starting installation work, you need to select locations for the main part and anchor. The electromagnet is usually located on the door frame, and it should be as far away from the hinges as possible. By attaching the main part to the selected location, they determine where the counter plate will be located.

Having decided on a specific placement level, holes are made for the pins that will keep the anchor from rotating.

But in order to quickly complete the installation of an electromagnetic lock, you should have a set of special tools at hand:

Then they begin to mark the places where the main part and the counter plate of the device will be attached.

At closed door the planes of both parts are adjacent to one another. For better contact, a rubber washer is inserted into the response plate, which allows you to find the required plane.

Let's watch the video, inserting the lock and its installation:

The next stage of installing the locks after the markings have been completed will be making holes and installing the anchor in the marked place. For this purpose, a hex key is included with each lock. After installing the plate, the wires are inserted into the mounting compartment. But since not every lock model has such a device, it is possible to connect the cables in any convenient way.

The last stage of installing the lock is connecting the device to the electrical network and checking its functionality. In the process of performing this work, it is allowed to loosen the fastening screw to increase the freedom of the anchor.

When installing a lock, especially an electromagnetic one, it is necessary to strictly adhere to certain requirements. So the surfaces of the plate and the main part should be positioned strictly parallel with the complete absence of distortions.

Watch the video, installing an electromagnetic lock:

Connecting the electromagnetic lock to the network is carried out according to the diagram. And since its operation is controlled using a relay, the negative wire is connected to it, and the positive wire goes to the corresponding power terminal. For connection, experts recommend using wires with two cores.

Power is supplied to the controller according to the electromagnetic lock connection diagram. But the voltage cannot be more than 15 V at DC. Naturally, all work related to connecting electricity must be carried out with the power turned off.

Installing magnetic locks has its own characteristics. First, if there is a controller in the compartment, then it must first be placed in a bag. This will prevent moisture from entering. Second, after installing the device, you need to monitor the condition of the plate.

If moisture gets on it, a coating may appear that prevents adhesion to the lock. Third, it is worth periodically checking how firmly they hold the lock. If they become loose, you need to tighten them.

Fourth, if the controller is designed as a separate device, then it will be necessary to produce a master key, which is used to encode user cards. It is usually stored in a mounting box to avoid coding problems if it is lost.

Cost of installation services

Having received maximum information about the structure and operating principle of the electromagnetic lock, it remains to decide on the implementation installation work. Who will solve this problem - employees with extensive experience and special education or you yourself? Of course, the choice is up to you, but since various difficulties may arise during the installation of magnetic locks, it is better to entrust it to professionals.

The cost of installation work depends on the type of device and the material from which the door is made. On average it is about $50. The amount is not so large that you would have to install magnetic locks on doors yourself, at the risk of getting a locking device that works with various flaws.

Reliable lock for any door

An electromagnetic lock is one of the most convenient and simple options make your home or office impregnable fortress for intruders.

Today, such devices are actively used to reliably close access doors and production premises, they are also very popular in the private sector.

The uniqueness of this locking device lies in the possibility of installing interior doors, as well as cabinet doors. In addition, the absence of moving elements in the lock eliminates its rapid wear. Such devices are capable of operating without repair for more than 200,000 cycles. This is what led to the installation of magnetic locks on public buildings, which are visited by a huge number of people every day.

Installing a door is always a very important and responsible moment. Carrying out this process requires certain dexterity, skills and a considerable supply of knowledge. The canvas practically does not perform any useful functions. It can be easily opened with a simple push or even a draft. IN in this case it becomes clear that the lock is the most important component that allows you to fix the canvas in the desired position. It also makes it possible to restrict access to the premises to unwanted persons, increases security and adds confidence to residents. One of the most reliable locks is the electromagnetic type. It is durable, has no mechanical elements and is quite easy to open with a special key. But, installing an electromagnetic lock on a door has many nuances and differs from the usual type of installation.

Let's talk today about electromagnetic locks, their design, selection procedure and installation. This will make it possible to learn in more detail all the features and pitfalls that may be encountered during the installation.

Applications and design

Electromagnetic locks can be used on almost all types of doors. Naturally, there is no point in installing them at the entrance to the bathroom and toilet. And the hollow design will not allow this to be done. But if you take it completely wooden doors, then everything is possible here.

Operating principle of a magnetic lock

Also electromagnetic locks often used at entrances, interior doors, and even on the gates. But it is worth remembering that data works locking devices due to electricity. For this reason, it is mandatory to completely seal the mechanism when using it outdoors.

Consists of magnetic type a locking device made of an armature with high magnetic permeability, and a housing with a built-in electromagnet. They are installed on different parts doorway (on the leaf and frame). An electromagnet can create quite great strength attraction and due to this it is possible to achieve a fixation effect. The industry today offers a wide variety of models of locking devices of this type. But the operating principle is the same for all of them.

An electromagnetic door lock works by supplying electricity to the main working element. To do this, connect to electrical network and applying voltage to the magnet to create a field. This is both a plus and a minus. On the positive side we can call it possible to turn off the operation of the electromagnet to open the door by simply breaking the circuit. The downside is the non-functionality of the device without electricity (the wire was turned off or simply cut).

Types of magnetic devices

Most main characteristic of electromagnetic locks is the adhesion force. This value can range from 150 kg to 1200 kg tensile strength. Agree, this is quite a lot, since the average person cannot create a force of more than 130 kg.

Electromagnetic mechanism design

As a rule, the weakest magnets are used in locking devices for interior doors (within 150 kg tensile strength). Input mechanisms require a stronger pull, and here the minimum value starts from 250 kg. If you look at heavy metal doors, due to their enormous weight, they require an adhesive force of at least 1000 kg in order to reliably protect the room from unwanted persons. The most striking example is the device on the entrance doors to the entrance.

Electromagnetic locks are divided into two main types:

• by type of locking;
• by type of control.

Additionally, there are also subspecies. So, depending on the type of locking, these elements are divided into:

• holding, where the work of the anchor is to break away. Overhead options are most often found here. Mortise ones are also available, but they are used much less frequently, as they have much lower adhesion force;
• sliding, where the work of the anchor is to shift. This type is mainly mortise and requires strict adherence to the location parameters specified in the instructions.

Depending on the type of control, all such types are divided into:

• those that have Hall sensors. They demand additional food and represent a special microcircuit;
• those that operate from a reed switch element. There is no need to apply a constant voltage here, since the device itself short-circuits under the influence of a magnet and maintains a constant voltage.

Diagram of operation of an electromagnetic lock

Preparation for installation

Before installing an electromagnetic type device yourself, preparation is a prerequisite. The fact is that this procedure requires the most serious approach, since you will have to deal with electricity.

So, for installation of this type you will definitely need:

• building level;
• roulette;
• wire cutters;
• fasteners;
• pliers;
• drill;
• hammer;
• pencil;
• drill or screwdriver.

Depending on the box and type of lock, special corners may also be needed. They are not included in the package, so you will definitely have to buy them. You may also need a core, a tap and other elements for working with wood and metal.

Additionally, before installation, you need to take care of the current-carrying part. If the installation is planned on the interior entrance part, then the wires must be laid here before the trims are fixed. In case of entrance group- before the walls are finished, since everything is hidden under the covering.

Electromagnetic door lock

If the preparation has been carried out correctly, then you can proceed to installing the electromagnetic lock yourself.

Installing an electromagnetic lock

As a rule, the device comes with detailed installation documentation. It may differ slightly from our instructions, but, nevertheless, the procedure consists of the following steps:

1. From the very beginning, be sure to mark the installation area. It is marked with a pencil.
2. The plate stencil is fixed on the door leaf in the right place.
3. Using drills and various devices, holes are created required diameter. An anchor is installed on the sash itself. The fastening elements used depend on the material of which the base is made. Also at this stage, a seat is made for the element itself. It all depends on its type.
4. The required wires are supplied to the mounting location for the box itself with the electromagnet. Everything is connected according to the diagram that comes with the instructions.
5. The box is secured using special fasteners and tested for functionality.

It is worth noting that installation of this type of locking device is also possible with connection to security system. In this case, the technology of the procedure is slightly different and it is almost impossible to do it yourself. Here all work is performed by specialists provided by the security service.

Naturally, when using the electromagnetic type and its installation, there are some tricks that will later allow you to fully use this device without breakdowns or other inconveniences. Experts shared some of them to make life much easier for everyone. So, the very first thing you need to do is place the controller in a special bag. This solution will allow you to avoid its failure.

After installation, be sure to check the condition of the plate. This must be done for further normal adhesion to the electromagnet. The problem with electromagnetic locks is geometric progression decrease in adhesion force relative to the distance from the source. Here even a couple of millimeters plays a big role! When moisture gets on the plate, the oxidation process begins. Oxide and hydroxide prevent the mechanism from working fully, which further leads to a decrease in adhesion force.

Installing an electromagnetic lock on a door requires mandatory fastening with self-tapping screws or special elements. In this case, due to regular static load and periodic occurrence of dynamic load, they tend to weaken their strength. This value must also be checked so that the plate does not fall off in the future. It will be possible to remove it only if the lock is completely disconnected from the electricity.

In most cases, the controller is implemented as a separate device. Here you must have a master key. It makes it possible to encode entry cards. In some cases, such keys are lost by careless owners. In this case, it is worth paying attention to what is in the box. There is a fallback option here, which in any case will allow you to perform encoding operations without a key.

Experts also recommend that if you do not have proper experience in installing this type of locking mechanism, then you need to be extremely careful. It's all about the live parts. Some owners confuse the input and output terminals. Additionally, they leave very large open parts, which can later be shortened on the door body. This significantly reduces the service life of the lock and the safety of using the device.

Knowing detailed instructions installation and following the operating rules, you can easily select and install this type of device on any type of door. But it is worth remembering that in some cases you cannot do without the help of specialists.

A relatively new unit that limits access of unauthorized persons to private territory, be it an apartment or a fenced area land plot, is an electromagnetic lock (EML). The principle of its operation is to use a powerful electromagnet that keeps the door closed as long as current flows through its winding. It is possible to control such a locking device from any distance, as well as fully automate the opening and closing of access to the facility.

Positive qualities of EMZ

This equipment has significant differences from traditional mechanical units:

• small size of the device;
• trouble-free operation;
• resistance to aggressive influence of environmental factors;
• absence of rubbing parts, which significantly increases the durability of the equipment. This is especially felt in cases where an electromagnetic lock is installed on the front door, through which a significant number of people pass every day;
• do not give in to attempts to open them with master keys;
• provide safety during fires, since they open automatically when there is a power outage, allowing people to leave all premises;
• Doors on which an electromagnetic lock has been installed cannot be opened by an attacker without the use of special powerful technical means, since it is able to withstand forces reaching several hundred kilograms.

Main technical parameters

The electromagnetic door lock has several important characteristics, which you need to know about before purchasing it. We are talking about the door holding force and residual magnetization.

Door holding force

Any unit of this kind has a fairly large mechanical pull-out load, measured in kilograms. It usually varies from 100 to 1000 kg or more. The products of almost all manufacturers have a step between individual models 50 - 100 kg.

Residual magnetization

Sometimes it happens that even a door with a disabled lock can be difficult to open. This happens for the reason that the residual magnetization of the electromagnetic lock installed on it is too high due to the manufacturer’s violation of the technology or incorrect selection of the parameters of the magnetic material. Normally, this figure should not exceed 1.5-2 kilograms.

Installing electromagnetic door locks

Installation of this equipment is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions included in the delivery kit. This is usually done this way:

• in the place where the counter part of the lock will be installed on the door, a stencil is pasted;
• With outside door leaf drill a hole with a diameter of 16 mm, as described in the instructions, as well as a pair of shallow holes with a diameter of 8 mm on its inner side. They will be needed to fix the strike plate;
• the counter part is secured using a bolt installed outside the door, which has semicircular head. On inside a rubber gasket is placed, and the mating part is installed on it;
• the nut is fixed using a hex wrench;
• The electromagnetic lock for a gate or entrance door includes a mounting strip. It should be fastened in the area of ​​the upper corner of the box, using the self-tapping screws included in the delivery kit;
• the lock itself should be attached to the fastening bar and secured with two screws located in its lower part, using a hex key;
• The diagram for connecting an electromagnetic lock to the power supply is as follows: the positive electrode is connected to the red wire, and the negative electrode to the black wire.

ATTENTION! When installing an electromagnetic lock on a door with your own hands, you should not overtighten the nut on the strike plate; it should still be able to spring back a little due to rubber gasket, thereby ensuring the most intimate contact with the magnet!

Application of EMZ in a single circuit with an intercom

An electromagnetic lock for a gate, where the set does not include an intercom, can work with this device in a single circuit, which you can assemble yourself. The calling panel is mounted on the street side entrance doors. The connection diagram for an intercom with an electromagnetic lock involves receiving power and transmitting a video/audio signal via the same combined cable.

The video intercom monitor is installed indoors, and its power is supplied from a 220 V network. A mortise or overhead electromagnetic lock is mounted on a gate made of either wood or metal. Its power is provided by controlled contacts, which are located on the calling panel. The EMZ’s own power supply is located indoors and takes energy from a household electrical network with a voltage of 220 V. A cable with a cross-section of half a square is drawn from it to the EMZ, if the distance does not exceed a couple of tens of meters, or one and a half squares, if it is greater.

Connection diagram for a video intercom with an electromagnetic lock:

EMZ on a metal entrance door

Without exception, all such devices, regardless of where they will be installed, have general principle actions and design. The only difference between electromagnetic locks is metal doors, is their great power. Considering the strength of the door leaf, it makes sense to use in this case models that have a door holding force of 500 kg or more.

EMZ equipped with a controller

Autonomous controllers are used in conjunction with EMS to restrict access to residential apartment buildings, administrative institutions and industrial facilities. An electromagnetic lock with a controller can be used in a single system with the following equipment:

• contact and contactless key readers;
• normally open lock opening buttons;
• external LEDs and buzzers;
• open door sensors;
• input inversion jumper, which allows you to open doors both by applying and removing voltage.

Also, an EMZ equipped with a controller is compatible with a PC, which maintains a database of keys and also performs their prompt change, both unloading and loading.

Selected EMZ models

There is very a large number of various models of this equipment, here are some of them that are popular in the market of our country, with a short list of their characteristic features.

ML400

The electromagnetic lock ML400 is used to lock entrance doors with a leaf thickness of 30 - 50 mm. Its installation is carried out on inner surface an outward opening door equipped with a closer. The holding force of the unit is 400 kg, power is supplied to it at a voltage of 9 - 15 V, while the power consumption does not exceed 7.2 W. Unlocking occurs when the current is turned off.

Miniature ML-180K, electromagnetic lock, used primarily on interior doors and cabinets in institutions and offices. It has a holding force of 180 kg, receiving power from a 12 V source, while consuming no more than 0.4 A of current. Important feature This model is that its residual magnetization is zero.

The electromagnetic universal sliding lock AL-400SH has a holding force of 400 kg, is powered by 12 or 24 V, while consuming 0.9 A current. The equipment is installed discreetly, equipped with a reed switch, as well as a sensor that controls the door lock. It is possible to display data on the door status to the security console.