We often encounter misconceptions among customers about the composition of the Architectural Detailed Design (called AR). For many it is general ideas about its composition, some have the opinion that this architectural section of the project is just “plans, facades, sections ...”, there are also those who consider it an unnecessary waste of time and money.
Our opinion is that this is not entirely true, or rather, it is not at all true :). this is an integral, important and full-fledged part of the entire project; in most cases, the structural section (CR) is closely related to the AR and most of the sheets in the RC section refer specifically to the architectural section. They complement, clarify each other, and only both sets of AR and KR can be called a full-fledged working project for the construction of a private house. Today we want to specific example show what detailed should contain architectural working design for the construction of a private house. And as an example, we will take our project, which was developed this spring and is currently being implemented. The price of an architectural project for a private house depends on the area of the house and the complexity terms of reference And necessary deadlines project development - please read in advance.
We must say that this project not a standard and it is difficult to say that the number and composition of drawings in AR projects can be typical, since each project has its own nuances and its own characteristics, depending on this it can be supplemented various kinds diagrams and drawings.
Title page of the project.
It is given on it short description project
Project visualization.
3D renderings that give an understanding of the appearance of the house
Common data.
This is a table that lists all the drawings as part of the project, gives general instructions and a couple more statements.
General instructions for masonry
On this sheet, the architect describes what materials the house will be built from, how the walls are laid, and what nuances the customer should pay special attention to.
Insolation scheme
A diagram showing how and for how long this or that side of the house will be illuminated.
General plan or diagram of the planning organization of the relief.
One of important drawings project. Gives an understanding of how the house is tied to the boundaries of the site in accordance with the standards and how the relief will be organized after construction. The same drawing is included in the construction passport for obtaining a construction permit. In particular, in this project we dealt with complex terrain on a slope and worked out a 3D view of the terrain to make it clearer for builders
Masonry floor plans.
Almost all builders use this part of the project at a construction site, but most of the time it belongs to masons who lay walls, partitions, chimneys and channels. All dimensions, partitions are indicated here, windows and doors are linked, notes and symbols are given.
Marked floor plans.
This drawing is similar to the masonry plan, but it is on the marking plan that window and door openings, types of floors are indicated and marked, the area of the premises and the table-list of premises are given.
Roof plan.
The drawing shows the overall dimensions of the roof, reference to the axes. Gives an understanding of the main elevations of the characteristic parts of the roof: ridges, valleys, overhangs, gables, etc. Sometimes ours project group Includes in this sheet a 3D diagram with marks and slopes of the roof, so that customers and builders can more easily grasp the essence.
House facades.
Well, everything is clear here without explanation. This is the face of the house, on the facade drawing, all levels and marks are visible; the mason always works with the masonry plan and facade. This is how a complete understanding of which pier begins where and to what level the masonry is carried out is achieved.
Details of walls or sections along walls.
In fact, these are sections only on a larger scale and there are much more than 2-3 of them. Since the scale of such sections is usually 1:20, 1:30, here you can see the “order” of the masonry - that is, the height of the row with the mortar joint and understand how many rows of masonry there will be, for example, under the window and above the window. Information is also given on how the masonry is reinforced, how it is arranged decorative elements etc.
Ventilation ducts and chimneys.
Explication of walls and material consumption sheet.
The material consumption specification gives the customer an understanding of what wall materials he needs to purchase and in what quantity. By the way, this is one of the most asked questions by customers :)
Scheme of window blocks and doors.
Diagrams of windows and doors are presented. Information is given on the number and sizes of windows and doors per floor and the total number for the entire house.
Usually there are at least three or four of them and they also clarify the understanding of the overall picture inside the house.
The floors of the house, their composition and area are schematically presented.
With this post, our project team wants to provide understanding for customers who have not yet encountered construction and do not know what information they should receive . We would also like to protect our future customers from dishonest and incompetent designers. Knowing how much information you will receive by ordering architectural project, it will be more difficult to deceive you. Demand from architects and designers that AR give answers to all questions about construction, and not be something like “planks and facades with sections” :) Or just contact us - we love complex and interesting tasks!
Let's consider a project for a cheap (budget) individual residential building for a young family with the possibility of transformation into a residential building with 6 rooms. We will discuss the possibilities of increasing residential and usable area Houses.
So, we have a starting planning solution, shown in the figure below. This is a budget layout, ideal for starting construction on a limited budget.
Floor plan
What set of premises do we have?
- Heated hallway
- Two bedrooms
- Bathroom and
- Living room combined with dining and kitchen area.
All premises for comfortable stay young families consisting of 2 or 3 people are available. And this is with relatively small overall dimensions of the house - 6x9 meters (clean). It is not difficult to build such a house on your own. We wrote about this in the article “How to build the cheapest house?”
So, the house is built, the young family is living and developing, their financial well-being is increasing, and an addition is expected. Naturally, the need for new living space is growing.
Here we note that the idea of our youth home is to have the opportunity to increase its area in the future at low cost.
Let's consider the first transformation option. The simplest and most obvious is the addition of an additional bedroom and allocation separate room for the hallway. The picture below clearly shows that in the place where there was a window at the front door, we can make a new one doorway. As a result, we get an additional room, a hallway, and also a small area at the entrance. Financial expenses and the labor costs here will not be too high, everything can be done with your own hands.
Second transformation option larger - in addition to the extension additional room, we can increase the space dining area, and move the bathroom indoors former bedroom. Along the way, there is space for a dressing room. This option is more expensive and is designed for those who need more space for a common recreation area.
Third transformation option: the house can be made two-story! More precisely, with an attic floor. To do this, we reduce the bathroom space and install in its place a staircase to the second floor.
First floor after transformation
Second floor after transformation
As a result, additional space appears on the attic floor for two rooms, and we also place a bathroom there. It should be noted that it is advisable to decide in advance whether you will arrange a second floor in the future. In this case, it is more advisable to install steeper roof slopes in order to obtain more space on the attic floor.
You are probably wondering how such a house will look externally before and after the transformation?
The main facade in the original version of the project looks like this:
And general appearance at home it looks like this:
Or like this:
After the transformation and increase in living space, the main facade of the house according to the project will look like this:
And the appearance after the transformation will be like this:
And the option of a house with a second device ( attic floor) will look like this:
This is a house project for one of our customers. Here he proposed the idea of moving the stairs outside the main dimensions of the house, which is also the right decision.
It is worth saying that there are many options for transforming such a house - everything is limited only by your imagination and the availability of funds to implement them.
P.S. You can download the free architectural design of a cheap house from the link below:
Using our planning solutions as a basis, you can realize your ideas and “tailor” the house project to your needs. You can order a project to obtain a building permit at any nearby architectural office.
Good luck with your design and construction! We wish you creative ideas and inspiration!
Construction of houses without technical documentation may lead to trouble. Without accurate calculations it is impossible to obtain a durable structure with proper safety and thermal conductivity indicators. In addition, construction without a design is a violation of the law. Let's look at examples of projects, provide their drawings and briefly describe their features.
Indicators:
- Number of floors: 1.
- Attic: yes.
- Total area: 155 m2.
- Dimensions: 12.1x9.3 m.
- Direct area: 102 m2.
Design Features:
- Bored base with grillage.
- Multi-pitched roof made of timber, covered with metal tiles.
- The floors are made of 0.4 cm wide tongue and groove boards.
- Hemming the attic along the rafters.
- Production of windows for the project.
- Profiled timber 19x19 for walls. Partitions are constructed according to frame technology, and the island is made of 5x15 timber.
- Soundproofing of floors, ceilings and attic with mineral wool 15 and 20 cm thick. Frame partitions They are also thermally insulated with 10 cm thick material, which additionally has soundproofing properties.
- The base is getting off decorative tiles, and the external walls are treated with a protective coating.
- Doors to order.
Main characteristics
House designs using the listed materials are an example of environmental friendliness and good taste. The beam allows air to pass through, mineral wool also contributes to an excellent microclimate and thermal efficiency. The building will be constructed quickly with appropriate project documentation timber humidity. The housing area is sufficient for living even big family. 
Garden house project
Basic indicators:
- Total and required building area: 24 and 43 m2, respectively.
- Veranda: 10 m2.
- Dimensions attic room: 15 m2.
Design characteristics:
- The foundation is rubble concrete or columnar.
- External and internal walls are made of hollow ceramic and ordinary bricks.
- Brickwork is used for the base.
- Interfloor and basement floors they are constructed from wooden beams, insulated with slab mineral wool and hemmed with sheets of plasterboard (in the first case) or cut boards (in the second).
- The rafters are made of wood and the floors are made of planks.
- The roof is constructed using wooden sheathing covered with asbestos-cement sheets.
Brief assessment
Such projects are not intended for year-round use. The technology of their construction and the cost of materials make it possible to reduce costs to a minimum. 
Project of a two-story building made from budget materials
Building area indicators (m2):
- 77 – first floor;
- 48 – second;
- 23 – garage;
- 108 – total.
Peculiarities:
- FBS blocks for the foundation.
- Material load-bearing walls– aerated concrete (insulated).
- Internal partitions made of brick.
- Floors are created from reinforced concrete elements.
- The construction of a roof involves fixing metal tiles to wooden rafters with lathing.
Project evaluation
The construction method and materials were chosen for maximum savings during construction, without affecting the comfort of living. Therefore, the walls are constructed from gas blocks, the roof has a gable structure, and it was decided to use FSB blocks for the foundation.
Impression of the project
Maximum strength and durability of the structure provided that high-quality reinforced concrete elements are used. The construction of such a house is quite fast. And with skillful finishing of the external walls, you can get a building with an unsurpassed appearance.
Characteristic
A similar drawing is aimed at constructing housing for a small family or guest house. Number of residents: up to 4.
You can use ready-made designs of houses and cottages during construction and own home. Just carefully study the drawings and features of the design documentation. Often they are designed for construction in certain conditions and for a specific area, so the selected option may not be suitable.
Studying house designs allows you to create a sketch plan of a house with your own hands. The house plan or your project should show: the strip foundation, the facade of the house, floor plans, attic floor and roof drawing.
What is my goal when studying house designs? I try to collect, organize and transfer ideas found on the Internet that meet my criteria to my house plan. In order to create a house plan with my own hands, I decided on the main vectors - the obligatory presence of a basement and attic floor, choosing the number of storeys of the house, choosing the shape of the roof, choosing the location of the fireplace, designing the water supply and sewerage system, as well as a drawing of the location of the electrical wiring.
For myself, I highlight two main aspects that allow me to cope with a house project. The first is the technical side, which shows the nuances of construction, and the second is a 3D visualization of the planned house, which will help me understand my desires.
Having sorted through a huge number finished projects(only beautiful, in my opinion, houses were selected) I quickly realized that I would have to start from the financial component of construction and create my own unique small details individual house project.
To solve my two aspects, I chose two software products - Visio from Microsoft for displaying technical drawings, and for 3D visualization I chose ArCon - a program that is not difficult to understand, but allows you to rotate the house from the outside and imagine how everything will look, right down to furniture inside the building.
All that I managed to create - drawings, drawings, plans and projects provided below, I conventionally called sketches, since they are as simplified as possible in terms of detail for my story, but are sufficient to understand the essence individual project Houses.
Project of the first floor of the house on the plan.
I’ll start, perhaps, with the plan of the first floor, for which I need to decide on the following points: what will be the dimensions of the house, taking into account the location on the site and the material aspect, the material and thickness of the walls of the house, the size and number of rooms that satisfy my needs, and this will help determine the types interfloor ceilings, think over the location of the stairs and the entrance to the basement, decide on the size and location window openings and so on.
For myself, I decided to build a house from aerated concrete blocks and 300 mm thick walls. dimensions the houses on the plan were 8500 mm by 8300 mm and in accordance with the layout, I received the following room dimensions:
The entrance hall and kitchen are about 14 square meters,
The main hall occupies 20 square meters,
Bedroom 20 square meters,
Combined bathroom 4 square meters,
A separate place is occupied by the staircase to the second floor.
In the end I get an analogue two-room apartment, but with a bonus of two guest rooms on the second floor. The entrance to the basement is 5 square meters, located under the stairs and will be used as a wine cellar.
A separate story is the fireplace located in the hall and proper breeding duct systems can be used to heat the house.
After I have drawn the layout of the first floor, I can begin to draw the rest of the house plan, or rather, the design of the house’s foundation.
Calculation of the strip foundation of a shallow house.
We read about the design and construction of my monolithic strip foundation with our own hands in this article.
My choice fell on tape monolithic foundation shallow, because this option can be done independently, without using construction equipment, but at the same time it is simple and reliable.
A strip foundation is a solid structure, poured below ground level and above the ground to the height of the plinth, located under the external and internal walls structure and must have the same cross-section. To save money, I made the foundation thickness a little thinner under the interior walls.
To select the type of foundation, the main factors are the level groundwater under the house being built and the depth of soil freezing in the construction region.
The groundwater level in my area is below two meters, which forces me to choose a shallow foundation, to positive qualities which I can attribute to the relatively low cost.
Now let’s look at the level of soil freezing, which will help us determine the depth of the foundation. In the Kyiv region, the depth of soil freezing ranges from 800 to 900 mm, and if we take into account the sandy loam that makes up the soil at the construction site, then my choice fell on the type of foundation in the form of the letter T, only turned upside down and with a laying depth of 1 meter.
I also draw for myself the location of the bookmark on the section of the foundation. reinforcement cage. The top view of the foundation will help me decide on the size of the trenches to be dug under the foundation, which will correspond to the bottom of the base of the foundation being laid.
Below, in the picture you can see a section of the foundation, which displays the structure and reinforcement.
Foundation reinforcement
In order to avoid deformations of the foundation and, as a consequence, cracks on the walls, the laying of reinforcement should be done in the uppermost and lowermost parts of the foundation at a distance of no more than two diameters of the reinforcement being laid. I chose the expanded base of the foundation to minimize the processes of frost heaving of the soil, as well as to increase the support area, provided that there is not much under the foundation. better soil for construction - sandy loam.
Since I described the calculation of my foundation in detail in the article, which can be found at the link a little higher, I will not dwell on the nuances, but will say that the width of the support area of my foundation is approximately 50% larger than necessary.
The drawing below shows a top view of my monolithic strip foundation.
This foundation plan shows the base of the foundation, which follows the profile of the trenches being dug; for the upper part of the foundation to be poured, formwork assembly will be required. For ease of understanding, I removed the location of the reinforcement from the foundation project. It is important at the design stage not to forget to draw technological channels for laying electrical wiring and plumbing.
Calculation of monolithic and wooden floors on the house plan.
Now let's talk a little about the floors of the first floor. I plan to make it two types:
There will be flooding above the bay window and bathroom monolithic ceiling, because concrete floor The bay window will act as the floor of the attic balcony and will be in contact with precipitation, and the bathroom ceiling will be exposed to high humidity.
The rest of the first floor covering will be done according to wooden beams 100 mm by 200 mm. Wooden floor or as it is also called beam, easy to build with your own hands, and is a budget option.
A beam of 100 mm by 200 mm was selected using tables for calculating floor beams with a maximum span width of four meters and a step between wooden floor beams from 40 to 60 centimeters.
I will fill the monolithic sections of the floor simultaneously with a monolithic belt 140 mm high and for reinforcement I will use twelve-diameter reinforcement in the upper and lower parts with a pitch of 150 mm.
As shown in the house plan above, beam floor and a monolithic ceiling will create a floor and ceiling between floors.
Attic floor and roof on the house plan.
Let's start displaying the attic floor plan. To do this, just remove unnecessary elements from the ground floor plan and change the thickness interior partitions– the design plan for the attic floor is ready. On the attic floor I get two guest bedrooms and a living room, from which there will be access to a bay window balcony.
Above in the picture is the attic floor shown on the house plan.
I’m starting to draw a plan for the roof of the house in relation to the walls of the attic floor on which it will rest. The entire rafter part and beam ceiling of the attic floor is carried out on wooden beams 50 by 150 mm, and the roof will be made of metal tiles.
I plan to make gable roof, with a small birdhouse above the bay window. The only complex process I see here is the production of two valleys, so doing everything with my own hands has no doubt in my mind.
This is what a roof plan drawing looks like.
Sketch plan of the facade of the house..
This sketch of the facade of the house is intended purely for my idea of what the appearance of my building will be like. Using this plan, I will try to choose the optimal roof angle to maintain visual proportions.
This is how my sketch of the house facade ended up looking like.
Applying water, sewer and electrical wiring to the house project.
Well, in conclusion, let’s draw a diagram of the house’s electrical wiring, a water supply and sewerage plan.
Electrical wiring diagram for a house project.
The purpose of creating this house wiring diagram is to save money on cables, the use of which needs to be optimized.
I have the following requirements for the wiring diagram:
Each room must have at least two sockets and an socket near the window for installing an electric heater.
Several lighting points per room.
Light is also needed on the stairs.
It is mandatory to have a residual current device for rooms with high humidity.
Electricity is supplied to the site from a pole to the garage using a self-supporting SIP cable to the electrical panel. From him to plastic pipe Using a VVG 3x6 cable, the cable is installed underground and enters the house through a sleeve in the foundation (red in the drawing).
Thus, I get a wiring diagram for the first floor.
Electrical wiring will be carried out in grooves of aerated concrete walls.
Sewerage and country water supply.
In the previous image I also showed how the plumbing and sewer lines are planned. In blue, I showed the feed cold water from the well to the basement, where distribution to the kitchen and bathroom will be carried out. Also, brown, shows the route of laying a sewer system to a septic tank located on the street.
It is important not to forget when laying water supply and sewerage systems that the pipes have a slope of 2-3 degrees.
Section of a house- This is a drawing that shows the internal components of the structure. It should help visualize the location of partitions, windows and doors, the elevations of all elements, and more.
Basic principles of drawing a section of a house
To create a section, it is necessary to position the section plane so that it passes through front door through the window located on the opposite side external wall. Thus, section of the house has many similarities with the house plan, since the section is also formed by a section plane, with the difference that here it is vertical.
The important steps are to indicate the floor and ceiling elevations of each ceiling. IN residential buildings the floor height is 2.8-3 meters. IN public buildings the floor height may be slightly higher - 3-3.3 meters. Stair railings should be 9 cm. The distance from the window sill to the floor is 60-80 cm. The distance from the ceiling to the window is 20-30 cm.
How to draw a section of a house
To draw section of the house does not have any particular difficulties. In the place prepared for the new drawing, it is necessary to depict the coordination axes. These drawings are drawn up and clearly display the layout of the house and its load-bearing elements. To help you transfer dimensions from the plan, you can use a 45-degree line, placing it to the right, from ready plan Houses. Additional items The section can be taken from the finished drawing of the facade of the house. After application coordination axes, you need to draw the walls. IN AutoCAD this can be done using the parallel transfer tool. Taking into account the snapping, the wall lines to the right and left of the coordination axes are copied.
After the walls are ready, it is necessary to mark the ground level, place the foundations at the specified depth, draw the basement, interfloor and attic floors. This is not particularly difficult; the program must use the same parallel copying tool. The final stage in drawing the main lines becomes drawing on a section of the house roof line projections. As a rule, a section of a house with an attic is somewhat more difficult to draw than sections of buildings with flat roofs.
How to draw stairs when creating a section of a house? Before doing this, you need to draw landings. It should be noted that their upper plane should be on the same level as the ceilings. Drawing steps begins with drawing the top line of the first step. After this, a vertical line is drawn down (the height of the step depends on the building being constructed). Using AutoCAD, I would copy the resulting lines further to the right, thus obtaining a drawing of the stairs. Next they draw the railings. If this is a drawing on paper, then to draw a staircase, you can draw parallel vertical lines at a distance equal to the length of the step. Next we move on to the designation of window and doorways, applying partitions and balconies.
Instructions for drawing a section of a house
We draw the vertical and horizontal axes of the building. By horizontal axes I mean the lines that will become the top edges of the floors.
After this, we set aside 190 mm from the vertical axes in both directions. From the horizontal lines it is laid down 300 mm - this way overlaps are formed.
The resulting mesh has a lot of unnecessary elements, so we cut off the extra lines, thus getting a section of the house, which is about to be ready.
We begin to draw landings and flights of stairs.
We follow the instructions in the following diagram.
Copy the received flight of stairs to the lower floors.
Let's move on to drawing the roof. It should be noted that depending on the location of the cut, the roof cut can vary significantly.
After this, we move on to drawing the foundation blocks and the foundation itself.
The matter remains small. The section of the house must be edited by removing unnecessary lines and adding necessary elements. The latter include openings, stair railings and balconies.
