Weather in Anadyr
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Anadyr, Russia - general information
The length of an earthly day is determined by the time it takes the Earth to rotate around its axis, and is 24 hours. A consequence of the Earth's rotation is both the change of day and night, and the fact that when moving from west to east by 15° longitude, local solar time, determined by the apparent position of the Sun, increases by 1 hour.
In everyday life, official local time is used, which differs to a greater or lesser extent from solar time. The entire surface of the Earth is divided into time zones (in other terminology - time zones). Within the same time zone, the same time is used. The boundaries of time zones are determined by considerations of convenience and, as a rule, coincide with interstate or administrative boundaries. The time difference between adjacent time zones is usually one hour, although in some cases the time in adjacent time zones differs by two or more hours. There is also a time shift of 30 or 45 minutes.
For most countries, the entire territory of the country is within the same time zone. The territory of countries that extend from west to east over a considerable distance, such as Russia, USA, Canada, Brazil and a number of others, is usually divided into several time zones. The exception is China, throughout which Beijing time is used.
The reference point for determining the time zone offset is Coordinated Universal Time or UTC. UTC corresponds to the mean solar time at the prime or Greenwich meridian. Time zone offsets relative to UTC range from UTC-12:00 to UTC+14:00.
Almost all countries in Europe and North America, as well as a number of other countries, move their clocks forward an hour in the spring, to summer time, and in the fall, an hour back, to winter time. The offset of the respective time zones relative to UTC changes twice a year. However, most countries in the world do not practice this clock change.
On the problem of optimization of time calculation
.
The reform of time calculation in the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, carried out in the early 90s, seems optimal, if only because when transferring the entire district to a single time, a balance of interests was maintained in the central, western and eastern parts of the territory. How did this happen? Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is located in three time zones UTC/GMT – 11 (MSK + 9), 12 (MSK + 10) and 13 (MSK + 11). The time of the middle - twelfth (UTC / GMT) zone was introduced throughout the territory. As a result, the time in the west of the district was 1 hour ahead of standard time, equal to it in the central part and one hour late in that part of the territory located in the western hemisphere.
This is in winter. And when switching to summer time, the west was two hours ahead of standard time; both maternity and summer time were in effect in the territory. The central part did not have maternity leave, but received an increase of one hour to the standard one. The East lived in the summer according to standard time.
It is easy to see that other options for a single time on the territory of a district located in three zones would lead to more serious inconveniences for one or another part of it. The alternative in this case is only the introduction of another time zone on the territory of the district (which, in general, would be quite reasonable).
There are no obstacles to developing, at least for yourself, an adequate idea of the optimal calculation of time, because only objective information is enough for this. After all, this problem is from the realm of practice rather than science, the problem of the rational organization of life. First you need to decide on the meaning of the words. Optimal means the best, the best. Therefore, it is not entirely correct to say “the most optimal”. We already had the optimal one, but we still need to figure out what to call what we have now.
In our calculations, we took the duration of the active part of the day to be equal to 15 hours (from 8 a.m. to 11 p.m. local time), the duration of the light part of the day was calculated for Anadyr from dawn to dark (from the beginning to the end of civil twilight) according to the daylight time tables that are used in airports in Chukotka. From the calculations we excluded May, June and July, when the duration of daylight hours is maximum and, with any changes in standard time, the active part of the day falls on their light part.
Analysis of the data obtained shows that the optimal use of the daylight hours while maintaining a single time throughout the district will be obtained by using the standard time of the 12th time zone (MSK + 9) with the addition of the summer hour, that is, the time that has been in effect for us in the summer for about 20 years before the “optimization” in March last year.
Table 1 – Duration of daylight hours, active daylight hours and losses of daylight hours in different time zones (for the city of Anadyr).
Month Daylight time, hours:minutes Active daylight time, hours:minutes
Daylight loss, %
M+7 M+8 M+9 M+10 M+11 M+7 M+8 M+9 M+10 M+11
January 234:58 189:14 220:14 234:58 234:58 234:58 19.4 6.2 0 0 0
February 284:13 209:20 237:20 265:20 282:44 283:13 26.4 16.5 6.7 0.6 0
March 413:13 278:32 309:32 340:42 371:32 399:33 32.6 25.1 17.6 10.1 3.3
April 511:59 321:18 351:18 381:18 411:18 437:47 37.2 31.6 25.5 19.6 14.5
August 586:59 363:27 394:27 425:15 450:00 463:22 38.1 32.8 27.5 23.3 21.0
September 446:12 285:27 315:27 345:27 375:27 405:27 36.1 29.3 22.6 15.9 9.2
October 355:48 237:29 268:29 299:29 330:29 352:18 33.2 24.5 15.8 7.1 0.9
November 255:18 185:18 215:18 243:59 255:18 255:18 27.4 15.7 4.5 0 0
December 209:41 169:41 200:41 209:41 209:41 209:41 19.1 4.3 0 0 0
In just 9 months. 3298:21 2239:46 2512:46 2746:09 2921:27 3042:37 32.1 23.8 16.7 11.4 7.8
It is unlikely that the data presented in the table needs comments, however, we will supplement them with several more characteristics - we will indicate the duration of the periods when it is still light after 18 hours (Table 2). And the periods when dawn will occur after the beginning of the active part of the day (after 08:00 local time), as well as the duration of these periods in days and hours. The loss of light minus the dark in the morning will give balance.
Table 2 – Balance of light and dark time in different time zones (for Anadyr)
Indicator Time zones
MSK+7 MSK+8 MSK+9 MSK+10 MSK+11
Light period after 18 hours for the year April 4 – September 8 March 17 –
September 23 February 25 – October 9 February 6 – October 28 January 14 – November 19
Duration, days per year 127 191 227 265 310
Dark period
after 08:00 no no November 23 –
January 31 November 02 –
February 21 October 13 –
March 10
Duration, days 0 0 70 102 149
Duration, hour: min 00:00 00:00 39:35 130:53 261:33
Light losses for 9 months, hour:min 1056:35 783:35 550:12 374:54 253:44
Balance for 9 months, hour:min 1056:35 783:35 510:37 244:01 -7:49
Based on objective criteria, we come to the conclusion that without seasonal transitions, the optimal time zone for the territory would be 12 UTC/GMT with an increase in the summer hour. That is, summer time all year round) with a 9-hour difference with the capital. The same time zone that we had, but always in summer time. There are options for gently correcting mistakes. For two years, in 2011 and 2012, we need to switch to “summer” time in the spring, refusing to switch to “winter” time. The decision to switch to daylight saving time in March 2011 has already been made...
Time
There is no time in Chukotka. It’s not that it doesn’t exist at all, it exists, but it is measured not in hours and minutes, but in days of travel, intervals between meals, completed tasks, and God knows what else. The more interesting the trip, the more sights and wild animals you want to see, the more “classic mechanical time” you will need. A simple and at the same time extremely difficult axiom for a person “from the mainland”. For example, it may take more than a week to get to the regional center from Anadyr, and it is not known how long it will take to then get from the regional center to some national village. Once, in one of the regional centers, I waited for a plane for a week, didn’t wait and left by boat. And the plane took off for the district center only on the 11th day. It is impossible to fight against time; we must learn to wait.
Another aspect of time while traveling in Chukotka is its extensibility. In just two days (if you are not in a populated area) you will stop perceiving the days of the week, you simply won’t need them, and after a few more days you will completely lose track of calendar numbers. Due to the fact that in the summer there is a polar day in Chukotka, and the surrounding space is so different from everything you have lived in before, your biological clock will say that you have 28, 35 or even 48 hours in a day.
A remark from the life of Chukotka tourists: “What? Was it the day before yesterday? And I thought a week ago.”
Weather.
The main character in Chukotka is the weather. It is she who decides whether you eat, or whether you will curse the service and idleness at the airport or hotel. Chukotka weather, a very capricious girl. May change several times a day.
Eastern Chukotka(Providensky Chukotka, Iultinsky districts). Bad weather in the east of Chukotka is mostly associated with fog and cloudiness, during which aircraft cannot fly. In this case, traveling by boat is the only way to get there or from there in a timely manner.
Southern Chukotka(formerly Beringovsky, now Anadyrsky district). This part of Chukotka receives the most precipitation. At least twice as much as in the north. In addition to precipitation and permanent cloudiness, it is windy here, especially in winter. It is here in the south that the stormiest place not only in Chukotka, but throughout Russia is located - Cape Navarin.
Central (continental) Chukotka(Bilibino and Anadyr districts). The main distinguishing feature of this area is its sharply continental climate. Very cold in winter (-40-60) and very warm in summer (+20+25). The climate is stable, and therefore the flight weather is the most stable in Chukotka.
North of Chukotka(Chaunsky district). Pevek, the capital of Chaun-Chukotka, is famous for one creepy but fascinating natural phenomenon - “yuzhak”. Yuzhak, a wind of hurricane force, arising as a result of the peculiarities of the city's location. During Yuzhak, working days are in effect and life on the streets stops completely. According to local observations, the southern wind can blow for one or three days. In general, the weather in the north of Chukotka is more stable than in the south or east.
Anadyr. Anadyr is not the frostiest or windiest place in Chukotka, but when these factors combine, even in their averages it becomes very disgusting. In winter, the wind is almost always 5-10 m/s and the temperature is (-25-35 degrees). In summer (July-August) the average temperature is 15 degrees, but it is still windy 5-7 m/s.
A remark from the life of Chukotka tourists:
- Why don't we fly?
- The weather at the destination is bad. Fog.
- How long is it before it?
- 230 km.
- This can’t be. The sun is shining here and it's hot. You're probably missing something.
Since b O Since most of Chukotka is mountains, the concept of “microclimate” is very well developed here. It’s not just that the weather can be different 200 km away, it can be radically different already 10 km away. The weather in Anadyr can be excellent, almost windless, and there can be a snowstorm at the airport (20 km away). In winter, I drove a Ural on the road from Amguema to Egvekinot (90 km). At point “A” the weather is excellent, at point “E” the weather is good, and in the middle of the journey we got into a snowstorm and came back. The weather factor should always be taken into account when planning a trip to Chukotka. If time is important for a traveler, then you need to budget at least a few days “for the road”.
In general, modern travelers, tourists and just people visiting Chukotka are very lucky with the weather. 25-30 years ago, Chukotka was much more severe. Blizzards are stronger, winters are snowier, frosts are stronger, summers are colder. There are benefits from global warming.
The best time to travel around Chukotka is from July to the first half of September, let’s call it the summer season. And from April to the first half of May is the winter season. For photography lovers, you should go to Chukotka from the end of August to the first half of September. There is no limit to the madness of colors. It is necessary to understand very clearly that lovers of good weather should go anywhere but to Chukotka. And even in the most favorable months for travel, bad weather can happen.
From personal experience: One year in mid-June, after the snow had melted, it began to rain in Provideniya. In September it stopped and it started snowing.
Border zone
If you think that you are a citizen of Russia and can move freely around your country, I will disappoint you. In the country you can, but not in Chukotka. A special border regime has been introduced on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The word “introduced” should not mislead anyone. It wasn’t introduced yesterday, it just hasn’t been abolished since Soviet times. I’ll tell you from a practical point of view how to come to Chukotka.
We, residents of Chukotka, present a passport upon entry, in which on the registration page there are the treasured letters “PZ” (border zone), which make our stay in the territory legitimate. Citizens on a business trip can also come freely upon presentation of a travel document. All other citizens can come to Chukotka on a tourist package or by invitation of a private person issued by the Border Department. Everything is much more serious when it comes to foreign citizens. A pass for foreigners is issued for 60 days.
Tour operators registered in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug have the right to issue tour packages.
Transport
Regular passenger traffic between Chukotka and the mainland exists exclusively in the form of air services.
You can fly to Chukotka “from outside” at 3 airports:
1) To Anadyr. From Moscow, four times in the summer, twice a week in the winter. This is the most common destination for flying to Chukotka. There are almost never any problems with air tickets from Moscow. Especially if you order them in advance. The problem is the price. Ticket prices range from 25-50 thousand rubles in economy class. On average, in the summer, tickets cost 35-40 thousand rubles.
Planes of the local airline "ChukotAvia" fly from Anadyr to all regions of Chukotka. This is a strategic transport advantage of Anadyr over other “air gates” of Chukotka.
2) To Pevek. Twice a week from Moscow. There may already be problems with tickets in this direction. The price of a one-way ticket is 35-50 thousand rubles. From Pevek there are already fewer options to get to the rest of Chukotka by air. From here helicopters fly to the national villages of the Chaunsky district, to Cape Shmidt, as well as planes to Anadyr.
3) In Bilibino. 2-3 times a week from Magadan. The medium-range AN-24 flies. Ticket price is around 30 thousand. From Bilibino, you can only get to the villages of the Bilibino region by air, and by plane to Anadyr (once every 2 weeks).
Now a few words about the alternative. She, alternatively, is not rich. In the summer season, the Kapitan Sotnikov motor ship runs from Anadyr along the coast. Its flight schedule appears in early June. Therefore, there can be no talk of any medium or long-term planning. The cost of the ticket is approximately equal to the cost of an airline ticket. The ticket price includes: a seat, a latrine (M-F) and a buffet with constant queues. And it’s good if the traveler goes by boat to the village of Egvekinot or the village of Beringovsky - 12 sailing hours. But if you go by sea to the village of Provideniya - 24 hours, or even worse to the village of Lavrentiya (36 hours) - get ready! Yes, and about A chka and seasickness should also not be forgotten.
You can also charter a helicopter. Here, a wealthy charterer is already offered a choice of 2 companies: Chukotavia (more than 200,000 rubles per flight hour) and Bilibinoavia (the price is 10-15 percent lower than that of ChukotAvia). True, the second company, located in Bilibino, has a smaller radius of air coverage (it is not economical for Bilibino residents to work in eastern Chukotka).
Automobile transport is relevant in the Bilibinsky, Chaunsky and Iultinsky districts, where there are dirt roads. But their network is very limited. The most reliable form of transport is all-terrain vehicles. But! Finding a good all-terrain vehicle, and in addition with a good all-terrain vehicle, is a real problem. Because most of them are operated by organizations that are very reluctant to release their transport units for purposes other than their intended purpose.
Money.
Now I will say heresy. Money doesn't matter in Chukotka. Meanings in the sense that they have, say, in Moscow or Vladivostok. My Moscow tourists were very surprised when they could not find a taxi to get from one village to another.
A remark from the life of Chukotka tourists: “We offered him a double tariff! But he was too lazy to get up and go in the morning!”
Even if you conclude an agreement to provide, for example, transport services, you may be refused, or you may arrive (fly, sail) on a different day/days. There are a hundred reasons why they didn’t do this, even for good money. No, Chukotka is not the territory of altruists, it’s just that, besides money, there must be something else here: personal acquaintance, mutual interest (the driver, for example, is also a fisherman and wants to go fishing in the place where you are going), patronage from the administration, you are a celebrity and etc. At the same time, in Chukotka they can take you, accommodate you, feed you, provide assistance and not charge you a penny at all. They will even be offended when you offer money. This attitude towards money is, of course, not the norm, but it does happen.
Chukotka is a very expensive region, the most expensive in Russia. Rosstat, for example, reports that the highest cost of living is in the city of Bilibino. Prices in stores are the first cultural shock that occurs among people who come to Chukotka for the first time. Nine out of ten visitors will definitely take photos of local price tags in stores. Bananas for 600-700 rubles, apples for 300-400 rubles, eggs (180 in Anadyr, for 300 in the regions).
A remark from the life of Chukotka tourists: “And how do you live here?”
Even if you have money, but it’s on a plastic card, you may have problems cashing it out. There are very few ATMs, sometimes only one per village. It may run out of money, communications may be disconnected, and in principle it may be broken. The same problem applies to paying for goods in stores. Therefore, it is best to have money in cash.
In terms of price, tours to Chukotka by world tour operators operating in this region are equal to Antarctica. Therefore, if you are considering Chukotka as a tourism destination, be prepared for obviously high prices for tourism products. The cost of tours varies, depending on the area, complexity, number of days and other factors. Due to the fact that tourism in Chukotka is not yet a branch of the economy, there is no infrastructure and a massive flow of tourists, each tour is exclusive. The most budget-friendly and best option for traveling around Chukotka is traveling with my travel company - Chukotka Travel Agency. And this is not advertising, but an objective fact. There are enough people who want to engage in tourism in Chukotka, but they either lack experience or knowledge.
An “unorganized” tourist will spend a smaller amount, but will face transport and logistics problems. Solving these problems in the first place takes up time, which is so “expensive” for people from the mainland, whose annual vacation is at best 30 calendar days.
Services
There is no service in Chukotka. You need to be prepared for this right away. Those rare manifestations of comfort and quality of household services that can be offered to you are best perceived as a gift, as “manna from heaven,” and not as the norm. And this at prices the same as in good hotels or restaurants.
Cafes and restaurants.
At best, you will have a choice of where to go: the “first” cafe, or the “second”. Often in regional centers there is only one catering establishment. And the menu is very limited. Although if we talk about quality, the food in most cafes is delicious. The price for lunch is on average 400-600 rubles. Most often, visitors want to try national cuisine. No establishment prepares them. At best, the menu includes venison or local fish, which, however, will be prepared for you according to a classic (European) culinary recipe. Chukotka or Eskimo cuisine is very specific and you can taste the dishes only in ethnic villages, visiting local residents. There are no catering outlets in ethnic villages.
Hotels.
The situation here is better than with food. There are hotels in every regional center. The best hotel complex in the village of Egvekinot is cottage houses. There are apartment-type hotels, and there are regular ones. Price: 2000-4000 rubles per person per day. In the summer, during professional work in villages, hot water is turned off for 3-4 weeks. There are no hotels in the villages; vacationers are accommodated in rented apartments or shared with their hosts.
Communications and Internet.
Mobile communications are available in almost all settlements of Chukotka: Megafon, Beeline, MTS. The call quality is very mediocre, but you can talk. There is mobile Internet in regional centers, but it is very slow. In 2017, free WI-FI points appeared in villages under the “Accessible Information Environment” program.
Cultural institutions
There are local history museums in all regional centers of Chukotka. They employ real professionals and experts in the history and culture of Chukotka. Going to museums is a must. It is from them that one can and should begin to get acquainted with this or that region of Chukotka. In addition to museums, you can visit the House of Culture or the Club, where, having agreed with the head of the institution, you can watch a rehearsal of folk groups or amateur groups. Actually, this is where the list of “cultural” institutions ends.
Other.
Other services include baths (200-400 rubles per session), visiting the pool requires a medical certificate (Provideniya, Bilibino), gyms and sports grounds, open and closed ice skating rinks (Egvekinot, Provideniya, Pevek, Bilibino, Ugolnye Kopi). There is a cinema only in Pevek, with limited new releases, the repertoire is one or two months old. Ticket price (250-300 rubles). In Provideniya and Egvekinot you can go downhill skiing in the winter (from late December to early May). The steepest and most difficult slope in Provideniya.
Anadyr.
Everything described above has almost nothing to do with Anadyr. Anadyr is the Moscow of Chukotka, everything is here, and it’s all the best. Anadyr is not like the rest of Chukotka. There is a choice in Anadyr. There are 5 hotels in the city, one of which is 3*. Lots of restaurants and cafes. Most of them operate as nightclubs and pubs in the evenings. Anadyr has the most “democratic prices” for all goods and products in Chukotka. And as a result, there is the largest assortment here. ATMs work and you can pay with plastic cards in most stores. There are several monuments here (including the world's largest monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker) and a masterpiece of wooden architecture, the Holy Trinity Cathedral. In the modern, by all standards, cinema "Polyarny" only new films are shown, including premiere Russian screenings (ticket price 200-350 rubles). Indoor ice skating rink (RUB 250). The fastest taxi order in terms of execution time (100 rubles per person). Here is the widest (on the scale of Chukotka) range of souvenirs. Bicycle rental is available. And finally, here is the “fastest” Internet (compared to the rest of Chukotka). The only minus of Anadyr for a traveler is its location. It is located on the opposite side of the estuary from the airport. In summer, you can get from the Airport to the city by car and ferry (minimum price 500 rubles) in winter along the winter road by car (1500 rubles). The worst thing is in the off-season (from October to the end of December and from mid-May to the end of June), when you can get over either by helicopter or by hovercraft (about 4,000 rubles).
Souvenirs.
Everyone who comes to Chukotka, like any traveling person, wants to take away some kind of souvenir from here as a souvenir. Preferably thematic, in some way connected with Chukotka. I want to disappoint you right away - the main Chukchi souvenirs - bone products - are very expensive. Expensive in any sense of the word and well-being. Small craft made of bone - 5-7 thousand. Walrus tusk with engraving or design from 25-30 thousand. If bone products are considered works of art (and most of them can safely be classified as such), they are not expensive, but as a souvenir... A recent hit, a unique brand of Chukotka souvenir products, can be considered the walrus penis. He, attention (!) - is bone (60-100 cm). The minimum price for such a souvenir is 8-10 thousand rubles. You can only export artistically processed bone products (by presenting a sales receipt from the store). Magnets, mugs, T-shirts and other traditional souvenirs are sold in almost all regional centers, but the largest assortment is in Anadyr.
Many cities that are not so often heard of are located almost at the edge of the world. They are especially common in the north of our country. One of these settlements is the city of Anadyr. It is located in the most sparsely populated region of Russia - in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Of course, this settlement is of great interest, since life there is very different from other cities in the country. It is worth getting to know Anadyr better, talking about its nature, climate, population and various interesting details associated with it.
General information about the city
First you need to provide basic information about this locality. So, the city of Anadyr is located in a remote part of the country; it is also the center of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the same name. The city lies practically in the border zone, which also adds some specific features to it. It was founded in 1899, but for a long time had a different name - Novomariinsk. This settlement received city status a little later - in 1965.
It’s worth talking about the size of Anadyr. It occupies a very small area compared to other cities in our country. The area of the settlement is about 20 square meters. kilometers. Of particular interest is the fact that Anadyr is considered the most vibrant city in all of Russia. All the houses here, despite the fact that they date back to the Soviet period, have recently been painted in different colors. Now the city has acquired a new look and looks truly memorable.
Local weather and climate
So, we looked at general information about the city. Now it’s worth talking about the climatic conditions in which this settlement lies. The weather in Anadyr is usually cold, and it can be difficult for people who are not accustomed to such natural conditions to be here. The climate of these places is subarctic and also maritime. It is characterized by a long cold period and a very short warm one. In January, the average air temperature is -22˚С. As for July, the average temperature varies greatly from year to year, on average it is at +11˚С.
However, the weather in Anadyr is much less severe than in the continental regions of Chukotka, since there is an influence here. Due to this factor, winters in these places are less cold and summers are much cooler. In the warm season, fogs often form. The water here never gets very hot; its temperature in summer is about +10˚С.
Thus, we have become acquainted with the climate and weather of this wonderful city, and now it is worth moving on to consider other details about it.
Time in Anadyr: what is the time zone here?
As you know, our country is truly vast, so different settlements are located in different time zones. It is interesting to know in what time zone the city of Anadyr is located. If we compare its location with Moscow, then it is located far to the east. In this regard, the time difference between these cities is quite significant. The difference with Moscow is as much as 9 hours. When it is 12:00 in the capital of our country, it is already 21:00 in Anadyr. By international standards, this time zone is designated UTC+12.
Thus, time in Anadyr is very different from Moscow. It is worth noting that the time zone in which this city lies is called Kamchatka time. It operates in several regions - Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Kamchatka Territory.
Local nature
Of course, we need to talk about nature and, accordingly, Anadyr itself. Permafrost reigns everywhere here. This means that for a very long time the temperature of the earth’s surface does not rise above 0 C. The entire territory of the peninsula is located in a natural zone called tundra. There are no forests here at all. Among the plants you can most often find arctic willow, blueberry, cranberry and others, their height does not exceed 20 centimeters. Sometimes plants such as skinny birch and alpine bearberry grow here. Various shrubs are also found and can often be seen in river valleys. Among them are some species of willows, birches and other trees. The most common representatives of the local flora are mosses and lichens; here you can find truly unique species that only the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug can boast of. Anadyr is truly a very unusual city. Therefore, it will be interesting to visit not only the settlement itself, but also to get acquainted with the local nature.
City population
So, we looked at the climate and nature of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Now it’s worth talking about the population of these places. The city of Anadyr, as is already known, is quite small. No more than 15 thousand people live here. If we talk about more precise figures, in 2015 the city’s population was 14,329 people. Interestingly, the number of residents is only increasing. This process began back in 2006 and continues to this day. For example, in 2014, the population indicator was 14,029 people, in 2013 - 13,747 people.
Of course, by the standards of a country where there are truly large-scale megacities, Anadyr is not a leader. On the list it is in 809th place out of 1114 cities in Russia.
In 2009-2011, some trends were noticed here that greatly influenced the demographic situation. At this time, as a result of migration, there was a significant outflow of population. However, at the same time, a good trend was noted for the city - the birth rate exceeded the death rate.
Transport accessibility
Thus, we became acquainted with data on the demographic situation in this area. Now it’s worth talking about transport in Anadyr and in the region as a whole. Of course, this is an important component of any settlement. The transport structure here is represented by several components. Among them there is a seaport, aviation, roads and public transport.
First, of course, we need to talk about the port of Anadyr. This is an object that has truly important transport significance. From here ships depart to Vladivostok, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Magadan and other ports. However, the navigation period here does not last long, it is 4 months. Thus, transportation is carried out from July 1 to November 1.
As for the roads in the city, they are mostly concrete. There is a federal highway A384. It goes from Anadyr to the airport. The length of the road is about 23 kilometers. The city has several bus routes that connect the main important places.
As has already become clear, there is an airport here. Anadyr sends and receives planes from various cities. It is worth talking about this in more detail.
Air connections with other cities
So, we have looked at transport in Anadyr, and now we need to discuss the airport in more detail. Anadyr has a large federal air port. It is located near the city, in a village called Coal Mines. However, getting there can be difficult; helicopter transportation is organized all year round; in winter you can also use an ice crossing, and in summer - by boat. Regular flights depart from the airport to Moscow and Khabarovsk. Also, air communication is carried out with almost all settlements of Chukotka.
We should also talk about the Moscow-Anadyr flight. It will take about 8 hours. Flights depart every day from Vnukovo Airport. Ticket prices are quite high, on average they range from 28 thousand rubles to 35 thousand rubles. The distance of the Moscow-Anadyr route is also large - about 6187 kilometers. Thus, we got acquainted with Anadyr airport and air transportation from it to other cities.
Economy of the city
Of course, you need to talk a little about what kind of enterprises exist in this locality. A large fish production plant operates on the territory of Anadyr. In addition, gold and coal deposits are being developed near the city. There is also a thermal power plant here.
However, this is not all that Anadyr can boast of. Russia has several, but the largest of them is the Anadyr Wind Farm. It provides electricity to several nearby villages, as well as the airport.
Cold winds and snow storms, what else can you expect from a region where winter lasts almost all year round? However, people live here too. The capital of Chukotka is the city of Anadyr. Who inhabits it? What is the history of this city? We will reveal details about it.
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Chukotka is located in the Far North. It completely occupies the peninsula of the same name, as well as several nearby islands. In Russia, this district is surrounded by the Magadan Region, Kamchatka Territory and Yakutia, and borders the United States in the east. Its shores are washed by the Pacific and Arctic Oceans.
Most of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Only its inhabitants know what the sea is like in Chukotka: narwhals, fin whales, various whales and walruses. The temperature of local waters rarely exceeds 12 degrees. If we talk seriously about the seas of Chukotka, then these harsh lands are washed by three equally harsh seas - the Bering, Chukotka and East Siberian.
Winter here lasts almost ten months, and throughout the year there is a cold subarctic climate. The vast expanses with numerous hills, mirror-clear lakes and rocky shores are covered with snow most of the time. There is no summer as such in the region; the average temperature in July is only +5-+10 degrees. The region has almost no roads and no railways at all. The main transport on the peninsula is trucks and all-terrain vehicles.
The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has many records. On the territory of the district there are the extreme eastern points of Russia (Cape Dezhnev and Ratmanov Island), as well as the northernmost (Pevek) and easternmost city of the country (Anadyr).
Within its borders is the easternmost permanent settlement - Uelen, and the northernmost port of the country - Pevek. The rocky Cape Navarin is the windiest place in Russia, and Wrangel Island is home to the largest population of polar bears in the Arctic.
Capital of Chukotka
Anadyr is the largest settlement in the district and its administrative center. It is located on the shore of the Bering Sea estuary of the same name, where the Anadyr and Kazachka rivers flow into it. A little to the west of the city is Onemen Bay. Anadyr is located on a slight rise, its center is at an altitude of 35 meters above sea level. To the southwest of it stretch vast areas of flat tundra, occasionally covered with hills.
This is one of the most remote cities in the country. Local time differs from Moscow time by as much as nine hours. Geographically, the city is much closer to Alaska than to the capital of Russia (700 km to Nome, 6192 km to Moscow).
The area of Anadyr is only 20 square kilometers. It is built up with panel and block high-rise buildings. The appearance of the city is a little unusual. All his houses are colorful and resemble a toy town. This is how they cope with the pallor of local landscapes, because a small number of sunny days and the lack of bright colors around can cause a bad mood and even depression.
Climate
The climate of Anadyr is subarctic marine. In addition, it has a monsoonal nature. In fact, there are only two seasons here, and with each change, the air masses also change. In winter they are cold and dry, coming from the continent. Their effect is softened by the proximity of the sea. Therefore, winters in the city of Anadyr are easier to endure than in other regions of Chukotka.
Summers are very short and much cooler than in the rest of the region. At this time, the city's climate is influenced by air currents from the ocean. They bring precipitation, fog and cloudiness, depriving residents of sunlight.
Winter in Anadyr lasts seven months, about 70 days of which there are snowstorms. Spring is almost invisible and lasts only for the month of May. Autumn lasts from late August to late September.
The average temperature in July is +11 degrees, in January it reaches -22 degrees. Very often strong winds blow, which can reach up to 45 m/s. In summer they lead to storms and hurricanes, in winter they create strong blizzards and snowstorms. In 1968, one of these winds carried a helicopter across the airfield.
Animal and plant life
The nature of Chukotka is not as lush and colorful as in the tropical regions of the Earth, but it cannot be called completely poor either. More than a thousand species of mosses and lichens, as well as hundreds of species of trees and shrubs grow here.
The district is divided into an arctic desert zone, forest-tundra, tundra and deciduous taiga. The city of Anadyr is located in the tundra zone. Alder, cotton grass, sedge, dwarf cedar, rowan, blueberry bushes, lingonberries, rose hips, and shiksha grow around it. In addition, the tundra is rich in mushrooms. A large layer of permafrost prevents plants from deepening their roots. As a result, Chukotka's trees are not tall, and many look like shrubs.
The area is home to hares, bighorn sheep, black squirrels, chipmunks, minks, and predatory mammals such as fox, wolf, wolverine, polar bear, and sable. More than two hundred species of birds fly to the region. The waters of the Bering Sea are full of fish and marine mammals. In the Anadyr Estuary, locals catch smelt, pike, nelma, and salmon, and tourists watch seals and beluga whales.
History of the district capital
The history of Anadyr as a city is connected with the development of the northern lands by Russians. Chukotka was discovered thanks to Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. Then the region was nicknamed Zakolymye. In 1660, on the site of the first winter hut, the Anadyr fort was founded, which was located 10 kilometers from the village of Markovo.
In 1889, researcher and doctor Leonid Grinevetsky founded the Novo-Mariinsk post in the Anadyr Okrug, placing it on the shore of the estuary. At that time, Chukchi settlements were located on these lands. The location was very convenient - the spit consisted of rubble, not swampy tundra, and was a small hill.
Gradually, the post began to grow into a village, which later became the capital of Chukotka. It was renamed Anadyr in 1924. At this time, about 200 people lived here, there was a library and a first-aid post. Ten years later, the industrial development of Chukotka began, and Anadyr became the center of the district. Its population increased to a thousand people.
The first school and pedagogical college appeared in the village. During wartime, reserve airfields were built here, and the production of edible tin began. After World War II, the settlement continued to expand: a seaport was created, a dam was built on the Kazachka River, and the first water supply system appeared. In 1965, Anadyr received city status.
Population
Residents of the city are called Anadyrs. In terms of population, Anadyr is the largest city in Chukotka. It is home to about 15,000 people. These are mainly Russians, there are also Ukrainians, Belarusians and Tatars.
The indigenous population of Anadyr and the entire region are the Chukchi, Evens, Eskimos and Chuvans. They are engaged in traditional crafts: fishing, raising deer, hunting whales. The emergence of industrial cities and towns also influenced their life. Those who live in cities often work in local businesses and live in standard apartments, like non-Indigenous residents.
But the majority adhere to the traditional way of life and even make money from tourists. They move further away from cities, periodically wandering across the expanses of the tundra.
The most numerous ethnic group is the Chukchi. In Anadyr in 2002 there were 1,200 people. Near the city is their ethnic village Tavaivaam. There are much fewer representatives of other nationalities. In 2002, there were 153 Eskimos in the city of Anadyr, 200 Chuvans, and 142 Evens.
Many Chukchi still live in communities. They fish and sell handicrafts as souvenirs. Their traditional home is called yaranga. This is a portable tent covered with animal skins. You cannot see them in Anadyr or Tavaivaam, since ordinary panel houses were built there for the Chukchi.
The religion of the people, like that of the Eskimos, is animism. The Chukchi believe in the spirituality of the forces of nature, luminaries and animals, and believe in the existence of evil spirits. On some holidays, it is customary for them to “feed” the constellation or make a sacrifice to fire.
Life in Anadyr
This city is very clean and well maintained. All buildings and residential buildings in it are built on stilts, and communications are carried out on top. This is done due to permafrost. It comes very close to the surface of the earth. In contact with buildings, its upper layers can thaw and damage the strength of the foundation.
Such a remote geographical location also affects local prices. Living in Anadyr is very expensive. The cost of food and gasoline is almost twice the price in Moscow. There are few local products in the region, mainly deer meat and fish. The rest of the products are delivered to the city.
Residents of the city work at the fish factory, as well as at the coal and gold mining enterprises that are located nearby. There are two power plants in Anadyr - thermal and wind. The Anadyr wind farm is considered one of the largest in Russia.
You can get to the city by air. The local airport has flights to Khabarovsk and Moscow. It is located on the other side of the estuary, from which a helicopter flies to Anadyr.
Sights of Anadyr
The capital of Chukotka is not short of attractions. On the main square of the city - Lenin Square - there is a museum "Heritage of Chukotka". This is a very modern center with multimedia screens and other innovations. In it you can get a closer look at the life of Chukotka and the history of its development.
The Holy Trinity Cathedral on the shore of the estuary is the world's largest wooden church, which stands on permafrost. It was founded only in 2002. The temple was built taking into account all the nuances of local soils and weather. Thus, refrigeration units in its foundation do not allow the soil to heat up higher than -3 degrees, and all the aisles are combined so that the building can withstand cold and wind.
In Anadyr there is a monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker, writer Yuri Rytkheu, a monument to Lenin and several memorials. Mount St. Dionysius is located 50 km from the city; other mountains are visible across the river to the west. About 7 km away there is St. Michael's Hill, on which there is a tropospheric communication station.
Souvenirs
The main, and most importantly, tasty purchase in the capital of Chukotka can be red caviar and fish. They are easy to find in the store, but it is better to get them from local fishermen. The Chukchi sell a kilogram of caviar for about 400 rubles.
Special permission is required for your own fishing and the purchase of some souvenirs. But you can pick berries and mushrooms freely. They begin to appear in the summer-autumn period. On the pebble beach of Anadyr, in addition to the usual crushed stone, you can find onyx and other gems. They will be an excellent souvenir.
A permit will be required for those who want to take seal tusks or deer antlers with them. A ball made from seal skin can also serve as an exotic item. Traditional souvenirs also include items made from whalebone, carved figurines made from bone or fangs, and clothing made from leather and animal fur.
