Comfortable temperature at home for living. Accepted temperature standards in the apartment during the heating season

The optimal temperature in the apartment (depending on the type of room) should be from 19 to 26 degrees Celsius. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the individual preferences of residents, as well as budgetary possibilities - the more the premises are heated, the higher the cost. To find out what the temperature in the house should be, you need to familiarize yourself with both some legal acts and individual recommendations from doctors.

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Standards and norms

At the state level, the optimal temperature is regulated by various documents (for example, GOST 30494–2011, as well as GOST R 51617−2000). They contain recommended temperature indicators for each of the apartment’s rooms. For the cold season these recommendations look like in the following way:

Living room - 20−22 degrees.
Kitchen - 19−21 degrees.
Toilet - 19−21 degrees, combined bathroom - 24−26 degrees.
Children's room - 23−24 degrees.
Inter-apartment corridor - 18−20 degrees.

Obviously, a lot depends on the region in which the house is located. Thus, the temperature norm in the northern regions is 1-2 degrees higher than in the middle zone. In summer, the readings on the thermometer in residential premises should be about 22-25 degrees.

Temperature standards in the apartment. Morning with Gubernia. Gubernia TV

Purpose of the rooms

The values of the recommended temperature in the apartment are determined by the specifics of a particular room. For example, the warmest room (within 26 degrees), in accordance with sanitary rules, should be a bathroom or a combined toilet; and when a baby or child bathes there, it would be useful to raise it to 28 degrees. For other rooms there are also your recommendations:

The temperature on flights of stairs is 14-20 degrees, since in most cases people do not linger on them (in this case, the person is usually dressed in outerwear).

The minimum permissible temperature threshold for a residential premises according to GOST is 15 degrees, and the maximum is 28 degrees; such indicators may indicate violations by the housing and communal services department, as well as individual characteristics of the apartment or climatic anomalies in the place of residence.

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According to medical standards, living spaces should have a temperature of 22 degrees. This indicator provides high thermal comfort, while the humidity level in the room will be 30%. A higher temperature can cause irritation of the mucous membrane and respiratory tract, as well as provoke the appearance of mucus and increase susceptibility to viruses and bacteria (especially ENT infections).

The exception is the bathroom, as water vapor rises in it, so even higher temperatures do not pose a threat to health. When a child or teenager under 14 years of age is in the apartment, it is necessary to increase the heat indicators by 1-2 degrees; You should also prevent drafts in the apartment, trying to regulate the temperature drop manually (for example, turn off the tap in front of the radiator or install an air recuperator).

Heat measurement and control

Non-compliance of the temperature in the apartment with the recommended standards may be grounds for a complaint against the management company or for recalculating the tariff at times when the premises were poorly heated (or not heated at all). You can fix discrepancies with the help of specialists or carry out the measurement procedure yourself. To do this you need to have one with you from the following devices:

Base station (it is not necessary to have the most expensive one - the main thing is that it measures temperature and humidity).
An infrared device for measuring temperature (as an option - a hygrometer, moisture meter).
A regular thermometer (in the absence of more advanced tools).

In order to measure temperature using a conventional thermometer, you need to place it at a height of 1.5 meters and at a distance of about 1 meter from the walls, and then record its readings over the next 24 hours (every hour). Deviations from GOST indicators of more than 3 degrees during the day and more than 5 degrees at night require drawing up a measurement report to recalculate payments for utilities.

Climate adjustment

Often the cause of temperature deviations is the incorrect layout of the apartment, its location in the house (“corner” apartment is blown more strongly, and a house located on the sunny side will heat up more, etc.). Sometimes a decrease in heat is associated with poor thermal resistance of windows and doors. In such cases, the resident is capable to a certain extent rectify the situation:

Insulate windows by installing new double-glazed windows or using improvised means.
Seal all cracks at the front door, since this is where the greatest heat losses occur.
Install autonomous heating devices that will heat/cool rooms automatically depending on the current temperature.

It is known that gender also influences the perception of temperature: women in most cases prefer warmer rooms than men. Therefore, in order to answer the question of what the normal temperature should be in an apartment, it is necessary to be guided not only by GOST rules, but also by individual preferences. Elderly people are also sensitive to temperature - the same conditions apply to them as for children (heat indicators should be slightly higher than normal).

The importance of maintaining temperature

Violation of the body's thermal state is a harbinger of most diseases, including fevers, viral and bacterial diseases, as well as flu-like symptoms. Human temperature depends on age, time of day, gender, state of health and, of course, on living conditions (in particular, heat indicators in the apartment), although to a lesser extent. There is the following classification human temperature:

It should be understood that living conditions in an apartment cannot create a disease from scratch. Violations of the temperature regime in the apartment contribute to the development of various diseases, since this weakens the human immune system, and also creates conditions for the development of existing infections (for example, infectious herpes).

How to measure air humidity

Microclimate for children

If a baby or a child under 2-3 years old appears in the apartment, you should rely, first of all, not on the established rules, but on the recommendations of specialists and doctors. This is due to the more intense work of the child’s body, as well as its weak immunity and sensitivity to changes in humidity and heat.

From the point of view of pediatricians, the recommended temperature for a newborn should be between 18-20 degrees. The child's body removes excess heat through breathing (exhalation) and sweat. In hot conditions, the child begins to sweat more, which is often fraught with the occurrence of unpleasant skin reactions. In addition, the lack of cool air can cause a lack of fluid, the appearance of crusts in the nose, making it difficult to breathe, as well as white spots in the mouth, which are signs of thrush.

The main thing that must be observed when creating a microclimate for a baby is to protect him from the direct influence of air currents (windows, air conditioners, heaters, etc.). The child’s place should be warm and not subject to sudden thermal changes. Doctors and pediatricians offer the following tips to help maintain a comfortable environment: for babies:

Features of children's rooms

Most pediatricians agree that heat levels in a nursery should be about 18-22 degrees in the summer and about 23 in the winter. You should not open windows at night; To monitor the temperature in the room, you can install a thermometer opposite the crib. You also need to pay attention to ensure that nothing interferes with normal air circulation - the children's bed should not be covered with a blanket or canopy, especially if the apartment is hot.

All such conditions apply to healthy children; if the baby was born premature or with congenital pathologies, then a temperature regime should be created for him depending on the case (for example, the norm for heat indicators in a room for premature babies is 24-25 degrees).

Complaints and claims

If the temperature in the apartment is below the established standards, then first of all you need to measure the temperature in each room, and then call the management company. You must provide the dispatcher with your personal information, address, and the reason (if any) for the heating problems.

After the specialists arrive, the premises are inspected; Based on the results of the inspection, an act is drawn up, which is signed by both parties. If the tenant does not agree with the drawn up act, he has the right to demand a new inspection with the presence of a representative of the state housing inspection. To request a recalculation of housing and communal services payments, you must have on hand the following documents:

When recalculating, both the area of the apartment and the number of persons registered in it are taken into account. If the company refuses, as well as if it ignores the request, the tenant has the right to go to court with a claim for the protection of consumer rights. Such a claim is not subject to fees.

The microclimate in an apartment is determined by many factors. This includes air temperature. The word temperature is of Latin origin and means “normal state.” Approximately normal room temperature according to scientific calculations is from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. But, undoubtedly, the main requirement for it is to be comfortable for the people living in the apartment. In addition, the temperature regime in the house may depend on numerous nuances. It is worth considering them to create a comfortable atmosphere in your home.

Factors influencing the temperature in the apartment

First of all, let's take into account external factors that affect the temperature in the apartment. So, room temperature may differ due to:

General climatic terrain features;
Shift season;
Age and preferences residents;
Features specific premises.

How the amount of energy allocated for heating is measured is explained in this article:

Climatic features

The normal temperature in the room varies for each specific area. So, for example, she will different for northern and southern regions, for eastern and western. For African countries it will be one, and for Asian or, for example, European countries, another.

The climate of different countries is different. And climate is not just temperature. This concept also includes air humidity in the apartment and outside it, as well as atmospheric pressure. The combination of these factors influences the determination of the normal air temperature in the room. As a rule, in hotter countries with high air humidity, temperature standards for living spaces are higher than in northern countries with cold climates.

Change of season

Depending on the change of season, the temperature in the apartment may also vary. For example, in winter it will not be too high, but in summer it will increase accordingly. On average, for the European climate, acceptable temperatures during the cold season 19−22 degrees Celsius, and for roast 22−25. The difference at first glance seems insignificant, but begins to matter with constant exposure.

Human factor

The main purpose of regulating the temperature in an apartment is to create a comfort zone for the people living in it. Some people feel comfortable even in hot weather and don’t think about buying an air conditioner, while others live with the windows open even in cold weather. However, we should not forget that human preferences do not always correspond to the correct temperature regime. Overheating of the room, as well as its excessive hypothermia, can be extremely adversely affect human health.

It is definitely worth considering the difference in temperature standards for people of different genders and ages. For example, the comfortable temperature differs for men and women by approximately by 2−3 degrees. Women are more thermophilic than men.

Particular attention must be paid to the temperature in the apartment where he lives. Small child. For example, a baby’s body’s thermoregulation has not yet developed, so it is very sensitive to temperature changes, quickly freezes and overheats. Therefore, the temperature in the children's room should be stable. On average it is 20−23 degrees Celsius.

Temperature for each room

Depending on what functionality a particular room in the apartment performs, the temperature standard changes.

You should also remember that there should not be too much temperature difference in different rooms. A difference of 2-3 degrees is considered ideal, so that when moving around the apartment, a person does not feel the difference.

Normal temperature in the apartment regulated by one of the GOSTs, as well as rules for the provision of public services. It is noteworthy that this standard only has a lower temperature threshold of 18 °C, but does not have a higher one. That is, the highest standard must be set by themselves, based on their own preferences and focusing on research in this area.

There is also a table that shows the recommended indoor air temperature for housing, as well as the speed of movement and air humidity.

Despite personal preferences, the temperature norm should still be adhered to at least minimally. This is especially true during summer and winter, when the temperature in the apartment and outside are radically different. Consequently, going out and returning home, we constantly exposed to temperature changes. First of all, it is worth considering that the difference between the air temperature inside and outside the apartment should not exceed 4−5 degrees. Failure to do this leads to the body receiving a certain amount of stress. Having, for example, cardiac problems can cause a heart attack. Also, failure to comply with the temperature regime can lead to overheating or hypothermia of the body. Both conditions have dangerous consequences, about which a few additional words are worth saying.

Overheating of the body

An excessively hot atmosphere in the apartment creates conditions favorable for the proliferation of all kinds of bacteria. As a result we get infectious diseases in a seemingly inappropriate hot season.

First of all, overheating has a detrimental effect on the heart. In conditions of excessive heat, the human body begins to lose moisture, the blood begins to thicken and, accordingly, the heart requires hard work to distill the blood. This can be a serious problem for people with cardiovascular disease.

Overheating of the body is also dangerous dehydration, because, trying to maintain a balance of external and internal heat, we begin to sweat and, accordingly, lose moisture. Without replenishing it from the outside, we get dehydration of the body, which can lead to serious disturbances in the water-electrolyte balance and the nervous system.

To maintain optimal temperature in winter, you need to choose high-quality heating radiators:

Hypothermia of the body

Hypothermia, in medicine " hypothermia", is extremely dangerous for human health. Hypothermia affects the entire human body as a whole and can cause serious illness.

When the temperature drops, heat transfer from the body increases; with prolonged low exposure, the body does not have time to compensate for heat loss and maintain a normal temperature. Body temperature is considered low below 36 degrees Celsius.

Hypothermia can cause acute respiratory diseases, as well as diseases of the nervous system. Hypothermia is especially dangerous in little children, since their body does not have adult heat emission and therefore cools much faster and suffers more from it.

Summarizing the above, it is worth noting that ambient temperature has a significant impact on human health. She can help him carry out hardening of the body, and vice versa, it can create conditions for the exacerbation of chronic diseases and the acquisition of new diseases.

That is why you should be careful about maintaining a comfortable temperature in the apartment. This will be easy to do by following the above recommendations.

Everyone knows: human life directly depends on temperature, external and internal. For a comfortable existence in everyday life, for example, at work or at home, it is important to create an optimal regime around yourself. A comfortable air temperature around you allows you not to get hung up on external factors, concentrate on the current activity, relax, rest, sleep, and communicate. After all, if you constantly experience discomfort due to high/low air temperatures, you won’t be able to relax or work normally. There are limits to the most comfortable air temperature for a person indoors and outdoors.

The most optimal air temperature for humans

Various studies have shown that health, well-being, and performance are greatly influenced by the environment. Thus, room temperature has a huge impact on many different aspects of our daily lives. What indicators are the most comfortable for a person? From 20 to 25°C is the most common answer given by biologists and doctors to the question of the most optimal room temperature. Moreover, the air temperature indicator applies only to residential areas and reception areas: the bedroom is still 1-2°C colder than the minimum limit.

Why is this air temperature considered the most comfortable for humans? A healthy person lives with a constant, so-called working body temperature of 36.5-37°C. Vital internal organs work correctly at the proper number of degrees. If the body cools below 20°C, it dies from hypothermia; if it heats up above 44°C, denaturation of proteins and enzymes begins, leading to death.

The conclusion seems to suggest itself: a person can feel most comfortable at environmental values that correspond to his operating temperature, at least the external one. But this is not so, everyone knows from their own experience. When the air temperature reaches, for example, 35°C, we no longer feel good, the body reacts with countermeasures: it begins to sweat in order to cool down. On the other hand, 20-25°C is comfortable for most.

The human body, surrounded by external space within the specified limits, begins to release excess heat at a rate equal to generation. If the ambient air temperature is optimal, most people feel most comfortable: thermoregulation works correctly.

Of course, clothing and physical activity affect the feeling of comfort at a certain room temperature. The above figures assume: a person is dressed lightly, appropriately for the situation, does only moderate work, and does not exert himself physically.

Thermoregulation - guarding a comfortable life

The most ideal skin temperature is lower than the internal one: 27-32°C. The state of affairs is determined by the natural thermoregulation of a person. The human body consumes food to produce energy and generates heat itself. Depending on the environment, heat must be released into the environment in order to maintain a given optimal internal temperature.

The human body has different thermoregulation mechanisms. The most famous one is sweating, which causes cooling. Through mechanisms you can regulate your body temperature and adapt to changes in the environment.
Air temperature affects the feeling of comfort, productivity, and mental processes. Research conducted in 1936 on the physical performance of factory workers in relation to the environment showed unexpected results. The scientists concluded: the risk of accidents increased by more than 30% when the factory air temperature was below 12/above 24°C. Later studies of weaving factories and coal mines confirmed the result: physical performance decreases as soon as certain levels of room air heating are exceeded/lowered.

Temperature affects physical and mental performance. Since the 1970s, studies have been conducted by students, teachers, and researchers confirming the dependence of mental activity on the environment.
In the hot summer, insurance companies warn that workers may suffer from overheating. In extreme heat, the body cannot control sweating. Residents of a cold region, where intense heat has arrived, begin to experience circulatory and cardiovascular disorders: blood pressure, headaches, dizziness, fainting. Heat is a health risk: physical and mental abilities decrease, metabolic processes are disrupted, and chronic diseases recur.
On the other hand, athletes know that a well-warmed body can withstand heavy loads. The optimal parameters for warming up the core of the body before serious physical activity are 38.5-39°C. Athletes are recommended to warm up: the level of body warming is brought to the desired level, the muscles reach working values.

The most optimal air temperature for humans in different residential areas

Optimal home heating rules are a compromise of the highest possible degree of comfort and concern for the normal functioning of the body. The functions of the rooms are different: heating of the rooms depends on the purpose.

The bathroom is one of the warmest rooms in the apartment

The bathroom is mostly intended for water procedures. Since water promotes thermoregulation, low levels of warming up provoke hypothermia in the body. The optimal bathroom room temperature is 23°C. The bathroom is susceptible to mold due to high humidity: adequate ventilation is especially important.

Children's room - heat only harms

The children's room is a kind of universal room, sometimes used almost around the clock. During the day it serves as a playroom for the little ones. At night, however, children should get as much sleep as possible. During the day, optimal heating levels for a child's room are 20-22°C. Especially when there are babies and young children in the room, it is not recommended to reduce the numbers. At night, however, 18°C is enough even for newborns.

Kitchen, dining room and living room - beware of overheating

In the kitchen, the optimal heating level is 18°C. The stove and other kitchen appliances heat the room: setting high settings for the split system is not recommended in order to avoid overheating. However, if the kitchen also serves as a dining room or living room, it is worth increasing to 20°C.
The living room is one of the rooms in the apartment where we spend the most time. Most people do not necessarily actively use the space in the living area: they watch TV here, read a book, talk, or relax. As a result, the optimal heating of the living room is at a relatively high level: depending on the feeling of cold, 20-23°C.

Bedroom

The bedroom, as the name suggests, is mostly used for sleeping. Not only the duration of rest, but also the ideal room climate is decisive for a restful night's sleep. To create an optimal balance during the night's rest, the room heating is not too high: otherwise problems with well-being may arise. Therefore, the most comfortable heating in the bedroom is only 17-18°C. Some experts recommend even lower numbers: 15-18°C. For those especially sensitive to cold, such a low reading may be uncomfortable. It is worth raising the level to 20°C. However, where the thermometer finally stops accurately determines the personal sensation of cold. The ideal state of the surrounding atmosphere - you are not cold, you are not sweating. The indoor climate should be thermoneutral: that is, you should not feel any discomfort externally, and the surrounding space should not attract attention. However, even when relying on internal sensations, the thermometer should not rise above 20°C.

If a person freezes under a blanket, the process of falling asleep is much worse, and at extremely low rates it is almost impossible: the person mistakes dying associated with hypothermia for sleep. When the bedroom is colder than the body needs, instead of recovering, the body must generate energy to keep internal heating constant. In addition, the constant cold in the bedroom causes muscle tension, reducing the recovery effect.

Too high a temperature in the bedroom makes us sweat under the covers. Even just a temperature that is warmer than necessary does not allow us to sleep well: dry indoor air has a negative effect on the body. The consequences are:

Dry mucous membranes of the mouth and nose.
Cough.
Headache.

Timely ventilation and humidity control play an important role for a comfortable night's rest. Excessive humidity not only affects night's sleep, but also offers uninvited guests ideal living conditions: mites in house dust, mold spores ideally reproduce in high humidity, incorrect temperature, poor cleaning.

The best indicators: opinions vary

Despite logical arguments and experimentally verified recommendations of scientists regarding the most optimal air temperature, each person has his own preferences in this regard. Interestingly, the boundaries of comfortable indicators may differ depending on age, nation and region of residence. This is evidenced by studies conducted in a number of European countries.

Many Germans like to vacation in tropical countries, but at home they prefer more comfortable degrees of air heating. A survey on the YouGov service showed that Germans feel most comfortable at 22.7°C. The survey also shows that with ambient temperatures above 30°C, German residents are too hot. The feeling of optimal numbers is the same for all age groups.
Another situation of sensitivity to cold:

people aged 18 to 24 consider levels below 5°C too cold;
Germans aged 25 to 34 years feel discomfort already at 6°C;
for German residents over 55 years of age the figure is only 1°C.

By the way, 77% of Germans are happy with regular showers in the summer, and 84% of respondents consider sudden changes in the weather unpleasant.
There are also differences in the perception of optimal temperatures with other countries located in the same region. The same survey as in Germany was carried out in the UK, and the results were interesting. Thus, the British consider 21°C optimal and most comfortable for them. And the weather is too hot for them already at 28°C.

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Owners of private households independently set a comfortable temperature for their stay. However, residents of apartment buildings are deprived of this opportunity. That is why standards for air temperature in residential premises are regulated at the legislative level.

Norms and standards

Heat is supplied to multi-storey and apartment buildings through a complex and extensive engineering network. This system provides residents not only with heat, but also with hot water. There are certain requirements for the public benefits provided. They are determined in accordance with medical recommendations and the physiological characteristics of the human body that are important for maintaining health. At the same time, there are minimum and maximum permissible values, that is, the living room may feel cool or excessively hot, but the temperature indicator will be within the extreme limits of the established standard.

The temperature regime that must be maintained in the apartment differs significantly in different rooms depending on its purpose and domestic use:

Living rooms. The state standard obliges utility companies to maintain the temperature in residential premises within 20–22 °C during the cold season. In summer, the room temperature in the apartment should be between 21–24 °C.
Bathroom. The standards for the toilet (19–21 °C) and the bathroom (23–26 °C) differ significantly, but if the bathroom is combined in the apartment, then the temperature must be maintained at the upper permissible level within the specified limits. The increased standard is associated with high humidity in such rooms and the need to undress.
Kitchen. In the room where food is prepared, a lower temperature is required - 19–21 °C.
Auxiliary and passage rooms. In corridors, closets, closets and other rooms where residents do not spend much time, the temperature should be 19–21 °C.

Read also: What is the difference between an apartment and an apartment

Important! Ensuring a comfortable temperature in the apartment in winter is achieved through the supply of hot water to the heating system, as well as the proper distribution of heating devices in individual rooms of the home.

Negative effects of overheating or hypothermia

Both hypothermia and overheating have a detrimental effect on the well-being of residents, causing various disorders. Among the most dangerous symptoms of excessive heating of the body (at temperatures above 26 ° C) are the following:

blood thickening;
cardiopalmus;
loss of consciousness;
dehydration;
disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system;
increased fatigue;
accelerated development of infectious diseases.

If a person stays in a cold room for a long time (below 18 °C), the following consequences are possible:

ARVI;
inflammatory processes of various organs and systems of the body;
disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system.

Considering the possible negative consequences, not only utility workers, but also the residents of apartment buildings themselves must monitor the optimal room temperature that should be in the apartment.

How to take measurements correctly

When residents of an apartment building suspect utility workers of dishonesty in their work practices, you cannot rely on feelings alone. It is necessary to carry out competent measurements of indicators in compliance with certain conditions:

the distance from heating appliances is at least 2 m, from external walls - at least 60 cm;
the minimum height from the floor for measurement is at least 60 cm;
the procedure should not be carried out on a sunny day in a room without sources of heat leakage (through cracks in windows, loosely closed entrance doors, etc.).

If the results obtained do not comply with current standards, you must contact representatives of the emergency dispatch service. They are obliged to accept the call and send specialists to the site to carry out their own measurements and draw up a report. The document must reflect the following information:

Title of the document;
place and date of measurement;
Full name of the commission members (representatives of the homeowners association, management company, heat supply organization, etc.);
Full name of the applicant;
address and main characteristics of the apartment (number of rooms, total area, floor, year of construction, etc.);
established data (outside air temperature, data for each room in the apartment: for example, what should be the temperature in the bathroom and the actual value on the measuring device);
additional information (indicates the presence of additional insulation of doors, the material used to make windows, the presence of glazing on a balcony/loggia, the type of installed heating devices);
conclusion of the commission;
date and signatures of all persons present.