What ceiling color increases the height of the room. How to increase visually low ceilings: choosing furniture and accessories

A room can be called quite high if the ceiling height reaches 2.4–2.5 m. A lower height can leave a “pressing” feeling, the room immediately seems cramped and uncomfortable, it is difficult to choose furniture, which often looks unnecessarily bulky, and, therefore, completely inappropriate.

Increasing the ceiling due to the illusion of volume on the ceiling

A striking example of oppressive ceiling surfaces typical Khrushchev buildings appear. Of course, there is a method that allows you to correct the situation, but it consists of repairs, in which you need to invest a lot of money - you need to get rid of the plank flooring placed on the joists and put in a screed.

If you are thinking about how to visually make the ceilings higher, but do not want to spend your savings thoroughly and start a troublesome construction project, we suggest using the recommendations famous designers who claim that the “pressure” effect can be removed by using, after which the room will become comfortable and spacious for living.

Optical illusion

Selecting wallpaper and ceiling

The vertical placement of a pattern or pattern on wallpaper allows you to increase the space between the ceiling and floor. However, do not choose a finish with wide and rich stripes - such an ornament, on the contrary, will add earthiness to the room. Neat ones look much better discreet tones. If you don’t have enough brightness and riot of colors, you can add them, but not everywhere, but in certain areas, to highlight certain areas.


The vertical placement of the pattern on the wallpaper allows you to make the ceiling higher

Looks interesting decorative painting- this technique allows you to create the impression of a single space, when the walls and ceiling are inseparable from each other and create complete picture- for example, a landscape, an exotic beach on the seashore, an armful of wildflowers. In addition to being extremely beautiful, the scale of the room also expands.

Creative people will love the idea of ​​pictures that depict memorable events or places - photo wallpaper will wonderfully elevate a low ceiling.


Photo wallpaper with a pattern also visually raises a low ceiling

Constructions, apply the coloring pigment close to the ceiling. Despite the fact that wide borders are in fashion, it should be borne in mind that they distract the main attention, thereby taking away part of the height of the room. Take a closer look at the graceful, thin borders.

The room appears higher if the wall decoration smoothly flows into it - thus creating the illusion of the walls “coming up” to the ceiling. The latter can be painted in a color as close as possible to the wallpaper. However, be aware of a sense of proportion - do not extend more than 30 cm from the ceiling to the walls; for small rooms, a distance of up to 5 cm is considered the limit.

Designers pay attention to the fact that a light palette and cool tones make the ceiling stand out.

Do not dwell on the shortcomings, but show the advantages - the main rule in the design business of creating successful interiors. You also need to ensure that household members and guests, upon entering the room, first look at the floor, and not the opposite plane.

A glossy one will come to the rescue - use glossy varnish or glossy tiles, PVC film. Even if the ceiling is painted dark color, thanks to the reflective characteristics, it will still “rise” above the initially established height level.

Those who have chosen a suspended ceiling consisting of 2 or even 3 levels as a covering will definitely notice that the centimeters “eaten” during installation do not in any way affect the increase in the height of the room. It is also advisable to place the boundaries of the ceiling slightly below its middle.

Playing with light

Light not only improves mood, but also ennobles the room. However, you and I have a completely different task - how to do low ceilings visually higher?


Visually enlarge the room with lighting

It's no secret that a well-lit space tends to rise and can elevate even the lowest ceilings. Provide a sufficient number of lighting fixtures directed up, down and diagonally in the room. Let them create the feeling of penetrating the sliding rays of the sun, innocently located on the furniture and carpet.

If possible, fix the backlight flush with the floor. Do not place chandeliers in the center of the ceiling - try to diffuse attention by installing small spotlights around the entire perimeter of the room. It is not possible to remove the chandelier - then it is desirable that its shape be flat, consistent with the Japanese style.

Often, when decorating kitchens combined with living rooms, designers place a so-called false window directly in the wall, simulating a light source. A window is made of plastic light shades, the frame is plasterboard, in which the electrical wires are hidden.

Furniture for rooms with low ceilings

When buying furniture and arranging it around the apartment, follow the rule of proportionality: small room Low bedside tables, tables and cabinets look appropriate.


Minimalism in furniture allows you to expand the space

However, low ceilings “love” narrow interior items, and here their height no longer matters - high and narrow flowerpots, narrow sideboards, and vertically oriented paintings are suitable.

Window and door openings

If you are at a stage - let them be high enough. However, how to visually raise the ceilings if the door has been in place for a long time? You can use a transom. It is not at all necessary to install interior door devices- arches are perfect.

The walls and windows are lengthened by a light, almost weightless translucent curtain with a vertical pattern, smoothly descending from above to the floor covering.


Panoramic windows help to increase low ceilings

It’s a good idea to learn how to play with mirrors - this is the right solution for rooms with low ceilings.

What not to do

Forget about drawing horizontal lines on walls, borders running in the middle of the wall structure.

A large bright ornament will “press” you even more to the floor, and a bulky, albeit chic, chandelier will make the room “lonely.”

Conclusion

Now you know how to visually make ceilings higher - playing with lighting, using reflections, adding vertical patterns, creating the illusion of volume. Become not only the owner of your home, but also its artist!

During renovations, people often think about how to visually increase the height of the ceiling in the kitchen or bedroom using decoration and accessories. This is not difficult to do if you use simple design solutions that are accessible even to beginners and based on optical illusions. But the problem must be solved comprehensively, carefully considering all the details. To visually increase height, you should adhere to two important rules.

Basic moments

It is necessary to make a correction architectural elements horizontal layouts. Such details visually shorten and expand the walls. Should not be used in rooms with low ceilings decorative panels that eat up space. In the event that they are important detail interior, it is advisable to install them below the usually used level.

Experts also advise using design techniques based on optical illusions. There are many ways visual magnification room height. The following methods are considered the most effective:

  • gluing wallpaper or painting walls, carried out without any distance from the ceiling, close to each other;
  • the use of finishing elements, including wallpaper, with a vertical pattern;
  • selection of the right color solutions;
  • drawing attention to the floor covering;
  • construction of mirror ceilings;
  • visual lengthening of the wall.

In the photo you can see how the rooms look, the renovation of which was done using these techniques.

Vertical pattern on wallpaper

The most in a simple way One way to increase a low ceiling is to wallpaper the room with wallpaper with a vertical pattern. But you should definitely take into account the fact that an excessively wide pattern or large and bright flowers as an ornament will create the opposite of the desired effect. The optimal solution there will be an unobtrusive drawing. Any discreet pattern located vertically will visually increase the height of the ceilings. For those who like bright decorations, you can simply focus attention on a specific area by adding a few colorful stripes or patterns for contrast.

The design of a room with a low ceiling forces you to adhere to certain rules, compliance with which will lead to the expected effect.

A border in the form of a plinth between wallpaper with vertical stripes and the ceiling can negatively affect the expected result. If you cannot do without it, then it is better to use a narrow border to match the wallpaper, which will not draw attention to the border where the surfaces join and will not “tear” the walls.

The maximum effect can be achieved if, when gluing wallpaper, place it slightly on the ceiling. But here you should take into account the size of the room: in a medium-sized room, the overlap should not exceed 50 mm; It is not recommended to do an overlap when finishing a room with an area of ​​less than 13 square meters. meters.

It is not necessary to purchase striped wallpaper if you want to increase the height. Any pattern can be applied to them: an ornament from geometric shapes, leaves, flowers. It is important that the design is placed in a vertical direction and is not large or flashy. color scheme.

Painting walls close to the ceiling

The effect of a high room is perfectly created by painting or pasting the walls close to the surface of the ceiling. Designers do not recommend using wide borders or baseboards. They give the opposite result, even if they are painted to match the walls. If necessary, you can install skirting boards that are as narrow as possible.

Shades that increase the height of rooms

Everyone knows that an object painted in a dark color will visually appear smaller than a similar figure with a light color scheme. This optical effect is also used in interior decoration. To increase the height of the ceiling, it is necessary to use a light color when painting or pasting walls. cool shade.

With some experience working with tinting materials, you can achieve the same color on all surfaces. But for very low ceilings, it is still advisable to choose paint two or more shades lighter than on the walls. In this case, the effect of “moving away” from an object that has a light and cold tint will work. That is, ceilings made in this color scheme will visually rise upward.

Popular colors that give the room a more voluminous look and increase height:

  • soft green and light blue shades;
  • white, milky and creamy;
  • white-gray and soft yellow tones.

By combining these colors, you can maximize the height, since bright walls will benefit from the contrast with the ceiling. All surfaces of the room, made in the same tone, will make the room taller and more voluminous. An emphasis on the border in the form of a plinth that breaks the overall pattern will have the opposite effect.

Advantages of mirror floors and ceilings

You can visually increase the height of the ceiling by focusing on the surface opposite it. A floor covered with reflective material or varnish will have a depth effect, which will give the room additional volume and airiness. As a flooring you can use glossy laminate, tiles, any finishing material, manufactured by special technology- mirror floor.

The use of reflective finishes is great option for rooms with low ceilings, when the owners have a desire to visually expand the space and increase the height. The photo shows an example of this design solution. The rooms not only look tall, reflective materials give the room originality and a feeling of crystal purity.

Making a mirrored ceiling is not difficult; for this, several inserts with mirrors are made or panels are attached to one another, forming the effect of a single sheet. Mirror elements are mounted for safety purposes during operation, on metal frame, having reliable fasteners.

Today there is a mirror finish that has little mass. This finish is based on plastic or PVC film, not glass. The advantage of using these materials over a conventional mirror is their safety and low cost.

Also, mirror stripes can be attached instead of a border. Only this must be done without indentations, right under the ceiling.

The combination of a mirrored ceiling and glossy floor is suitable for finishing any room, but looks especially good in the hall and living room.

Using interior items

Owners wooden houses with low ceilings can make the beams several tones lighter than the surface of the base. This will create the impression of a rising surface, and at the same time give the room volume and height.

The ceiling will appear higher if the interior of the room consists of low furniture equipped with vertical elements: elongated handles, narrow shelving And so on.

You can make the room higher using curtains that will fall to the floor from the ceiling. The same effect is achieved by installing high narrow doors and correctly placing lighting. For example, massive chandeliers, popular in Russia, make the room squat and cramped.

Experts use correct location and the shape of two-level glossy ceilings to visually increase the space.

As with the visual increase in the distance from floor to ceiling in brick house, in wooden you also need to choose the right color and finishing material. To do this in wooden house often you have to spend even less effort and money than in a brick building.

One option is to assemble caissons. In this case, the protruding parts should be darker than the plane of the ceiling. For coloring, you can take any cold shade.

Another option is to install a glossy stretch ceiling, which has mirror effect. Thanks to this, a visual sensation of height is created, and the feeling that the ceiling is pressing on the brain is reduced to nothing. The mirror surface of the floor/ceiling will also visually increase the height, but this option will not look appropriate in every wooden house.

If you need maximum budget solution, then just make the walls brighter than the ceiling covering. To do this, you can stick colorful paints on the walls. spectacular wallpaper or paint them more bright color than the ceiling. That is, to visually increase the height, you don’t always need to think about how to change the ceiling. Sometimes it’s enough just to paste the appropriate wallpaper on the walls.

Not always visual increase the height of the ceilings in a house built of wood is associated with significant financial costs. This can be done on a limited budget. The main thing in this matter is to show imagination and creativity.

Using any of the above examples, you can visually increase the height and overall volume of the room.

Video

Photo

As an owner ordinary apartment, in which there is often simply not enough space, both above the head and in general, where the ceilings hang over and sit directly on the head, you have to think about how you can visually increase the height of the ceiling. Taking advantage of literate design techniques, using optical illusions that are considered best helper in these matters, you can hide the shortcomings, or try to beat them by increasing the height of the ceilings, at least visually.

Visually increasing the ceiling height with wallpaper

Among the most effective methods it is worth highlighting:

  • covering walls with wallpaper with a regular vertical pattern;
  • painting the walls, as well as gluing them close to the ceiling;
  • application of color solutions;
  • accentuating the flooring;
  • lengthening walls;
  • installation of a mirror ceiling.

Wallpaper with a vertical pattern

Using wallpaper to increase height

The most simple solution This problem is considered to be wallpaper on which a vertical pattern is applied. Here, of course, you must have a sense of proportion, because wallpaper with too bright colors and wide patterns will not be able to save the room. On the contrary, they can add more “squatness”.

Important. The use of discreet and soft wallpaper designs can demonstrate a positive result. Similar wallpapers will visually increase the ceiling.

To make the design more vibrant by adding some bright stripes, you can do this using accents. For example, highlight a specific zone.

Pasting or painting close to the ceiling

Wallpaper back to back

Enough effective method increase the height - painting or gluing the walls close to the ceiling. However, you should not abuse wide baseboard or borders painted in similar colors. All because they can steal the desired height premises. If you absolutely need a plinth, it can be painted in the same color. like the walls themselves or use thin models.

Wallpaper that expands space

Increasing the walls

To visually enlarge overall height, you can add a little height to the walls. It is enough to paint the edges of the ceiling that are in contact with the walls or stick wallpaper around the perimeter so that it extends slightly onto the ceiling. If the room is large enough, then the extreme lines on the ceiling can be used to a much greater extent.

Important. It’s better not to get too carried away with the process of blurring the boundaries between the ceiling and walls, thereby eating up more than thirty centimeters of the ceiling. If the room is of medium size, then five centimeters will be enough, but if its area is up to twelve square meters– It’s better not to use such equipment.

Color solutions

Light ceiling

To visually enlarge the ceiling, it is worth using exclusively cold shades in the interior and light colors. Thanks to the play of colors, you can even make the walls and ceiling the same color, but for low ceilings you should use only colors that are a couple of tones lighter.

Accentuating the flooring

Mirror floor

When solving issues of increasing height, it is not necessary that the main object of activity be the ceiling surface. Attention can also be focused on the flooring. If you make the floor glossy or shiny using varnishes, you can get an excellent depth effect, thus giving the room the desired volume. For this they use different materials, the main thing is that they have reflective properties; this can be glossy tiles or a floor covering made according to a technology called a mirror floor.

Mirror ceiling

Using a mirror ceiling

It is known that precisely thanks to the use mirror surfaces you can add space. This technique is visible in the photo above. If the owners decide on this design move, they can safely guarantee a significant increase in the volume of the room.

If desired, the ceiling can be made completely mirrored or only a few mirror inserts can be used. You can achieve an unusual effect by using a mirror strip instead of a border, which should be placed right under the ceiling. When the mirror is at a similar height, it will not be annoying, constantly showing your reflection.

Application of interior elements:

  • taking advantage of ceiling beams in a wooden house, when planning the design of a room, you can solve the issue of increasing the visual height of the ceiling. If you make beams from light wood, while the surface of the ceiling is dark, you will get the effect of a floating ceiling, and this can work perfectly well when increasing the volume of a particular room;
  • You can use tricks of a slightly different nature. If you pick some low furniture, the ceiling may seem higher. A variety of vertical elements can also be very useful - long vertical handles, narrow shelving;
  • air curtains hanging down to the floor, especially when the fabric is left lying on that floor, can add significant height;
  • high doors, simply resting on the ceiling, can make low ceilings almost invisible;
  • The use of suspended and two-level ceilings will help well. Even if a few centimeters are technically selected, the visual component will not be affected; moreover, it can be changed in the right direction. To raise the ceiling in a private house, you can make the entire perimeter near the walls a little lower. For this they use different shapes, making the lower ceiling, while the main part, which has a glossy texture, can significantly increase the space;
  • When decorating a room, it is worth remembering lighting, because it, along with the problem of choosing color and geometry decorative elements, often becomes an indispensable assistant, when it comes to issues of visual enlargement.

Lighting is an excellent method for increasing height. You just need to follow some recommendations:

  • the lighting should not be too bright, therefore it is better if there are several light sources;
  • the light must be directed up;
  • local lighting is much better, rather than massive chandeliers;
  • lighting sources, located on the floor, will be able to raise the walls and ceiling;
  • can be highlighted suspended ceiling;
  • better do not install a chandelier in the very center of the room. If this cannot be avoided, then let it have a flat shape;
  • if the room has low ceilings, then it’s better do not use wallpaper with bright and massive patterns or horizontal lines;
  • It is worth remembering that if the area of ​​the room is large enough, then the low ceiling is hardly noticeable. Most depend only on the ratio of area and height.

A low ceiling in a kitchen or room can be a big problem if you don't know a few things design tricks. In this article we have collected the most best tricks how to visually increase the height of the ceiling in an apartment.

Optical illusion

  1. Glossy shine. Very effective method solve the problem of low ceilings in typical apartment- choose correct option finishing. Glossy surfaces visually increase the volume of the room, and the play of reflections gives the space additional depth.
  2. It is for this reason that it is often advised to choose a ceiling made of shiny PVC film for a low room. In this case, the suspended ceiling does not have to be white. If you choose a dark glossy finish, then due to the reflective properties of the surface, the ceiling will still appear higher.

  3. Different levels. Two-level suspended and false ceilings also help make a room or kitchen visually higher. Installation of suspended or stretch ceiling with two or three height levels in reality, of course, it will “steal” a few centimeters. However, the visual effect can be just the opposite. Along the perimeter of the walls, the ceiling is often made slightly lower. In this case, the central part is sometimes made of a material with a glossy sheen. If it is decided to make the entire ceiling matte, special lighting will come to the rescue. We will talk about his role below.
  4. Perhaps the easiest way to visually add “growth” to the walls and visually increase the height of the ceiling is to use materials of the same shade in their decoration, for example, white, creamy, milky. When the walls and ceiling have the same tone, they seem to merge into one surface, the human eye is not fixed on the border between them, and the space seems higher and larger.
  5. The same trick can be used when choosing cabinet furniture. For a kitchen with a low ceiling, you should choose a light one. kitchen set. Do you want to add some graphics to your interior? Try this option: order the lower cabinets with bright or dark colored fronts, and let the upper ones have light glossy fronts.

  6. White cabinets against the background of a white wall and white ceiling will “dissolve” and seem almost invisible. A great way to make your kitchen look taller than it actually is.
  7. For the same reason, the border between the walls and the ceiling should not be highlighted with a contrasting border. Reasonable compromise- mirror or white stripe under the ceiling as a border.
  8. The traditional solution, which is often recommended by designers, is to use wall coverings with a vertically oriented pattern. Wallpaper with vertical stripes is especially popular, and tiles are less common. Sometimes walls are painted with paint, on top of which, using masking tape you can draw contrasting stripes. Important point: Stripes should not be too frequent or too bright. Otherwise, there is a risk of achieving the opposite effect, and the ceiling will appear lower.
  9. Play of light

  10. Another stylish and functional solution that allows you to visually raise the ceiling is cornice lighting. LED strips and LED lamps mounted under the cornice around the perimeter of the room, located just below the main ceiling level. Such lighting not only makes the ceiling higher, but also allows you to change the color of the lighting depending on your desire and mood.
  11. False window. The method is unconventional, but very effective. Very good for a kitchen-dining room or a kitchen combined with a living room. Ceiling structure in the shape of a window, it imitates a source of natural light, creates the illusion of perspective and visually distances the low ceiling. Such a ceiling lamp-window is often a panel of light translucent plastic framed by a plasterboard structure in which electrical wiring is hidden. Another option for this solution is to make a niche in the suspended ceiling. For example, you can paste photo wallpaper with a picture of the sky into it (here you will find). Sometimes an imitation window is made from mirror tiles with wood overlays or polyurethane molding.
  12. Traditional chandelier or pendant ceiling lamp- a bad choice for low ceilings. Instead, it is better to use mortise or overhead Spotlights, local lighting in furniture or niches, as well as lighting built into a suspended or suspended ceiling. If you still want to leave central lighting, you should give preference to lamps that direct light up rather than down, and in addition “press” to the ceiling. Laconic flat chandeliers are perfect for Japanese style and neat plate lamps.
  13. Pay attention to the rich local lighting capabilities. Additional lighting should be placed above the worktop, kitchen sink and in the dining area. The more light there is in a room or kitchen, the more spacious it will seem. Little trick: spotlights built into top part wall cabinets and directed towards the ceiling will also make it visually higher.
  14. Windows and doors

  15. If you increase the height of the doorway and, accordingly, the door almost to the ceiling, this will also help visually raise ceilings. A good alternative is to “extend” the door by adding a glazed transom to it on top. In a small kitchen, designers advise abandoning the interior door altogether, if possible, or replacing it with a high plasterboard arch.
  16. The window should also be pulled up. At least visually. A light translucent curtain that gently falls from the ceiling to the floor itself, or a curtain with even vertical folds, will help to achieve this effect. A vertical pattern on tulle or a thin, barely noticeable stripe on curtains or roller blinds will also help you achieve the desired effect.

  17. Vertical folds on curtains visually make the walls taller

    Distracting attention

  18. A low ceiling will attract less attention if you try to draw it towards the floor and walls. One of possible options- combination dark walls and light floor coverings. Another option is a striking accent on the wall. This could be photo wallpaper, a beautiful panel or accent wall, covered with contrasting wallpaper with a bright pattern.
  19. Another good decision- draw contrasting edgings on the ceiling. They will attract attention and help create the effect we need, visually expanding the volume of space and the height of the room.
  20. Try combining two finishes on the walls. For example, you can use panels (wooden or plastic) or tiles below, and wallpaper, paint or tiles of a different color on top. This solution helps to visually raise the ceiling and at the same time move the walls apart. But this trick will only work in small space, for example, in the kitchen. If the room is large enough, horizontal division of the walls will visually make the ceiling even lower and squat.

Ceilings aren't the first thing people notice when entering a home, but ceilings have a big impact in maintaining a sense of openness and space. Everyone knows that a room with low ceilings can make it feel like you're living in a small birdcage.

If we talk about psychological consequences, then low ceilings often provide a low state of mind. Ceilings have always been a challenge for interior designers.

If you have ever encountered the problem of low ceilings, then we have several useful recommendations how to make ceilings higher.

Try from bottom to top

This is one of the best solutions, if you want the ceiling to appear higher. Don't be afraid to use walls! will create a warm, cozy atmosphere, so you can enjoy the comfort to the fullest.

Be careful when choosing furniture

Typically, for our home, we tend to make decisions based on appearance, without regard to functionality.

Low-profile furniture is ideal for rooms with low ceilings because it increases the space between the ceiling and floor, making the room feel more spacious.

Use glass walls or floor-to-ceiling windows

Like mirrors, glass has the ability to reflect things around it. That's why glass wall or big window visually enlarge the space and add natural daylight. Brighter is always better, especially from an interior design perspective.

Decorate your walls with vertical stripes

Some people may not particularly like to decorate their walls with stripes, but sometimes it may be necessary. You can choose between using wallpaper, or, if you're brave (and talented) enough, you can just paint the walls striped yourself (you can read about how to create a striped effect on your walls).

Surely, you didn’t even think about it when wondering how to make the ceilings higher

At all, interior doors They are almost the same size. Floor-to-ceiling doors may seem strange at first glance. However, we must admit that this brilliant idea to create the illusion of high space.

Use glossy paint

Gloss paint is rarely used on walls and ceilings, but rather to decorate various pieces of furniture, especially tables. The main disadvantage of gloss paint is that it must be applied to a perfectly shaped surface, otherwise all the imperfections will stand out.

Hang your pictures a little higher on the ceiling

Vertical arrangement of photographs or paintings gives good result. The walls will appear higher, so the distance between the ceiling and floor will also appear higher.

Paint the ceiling lighter than the walls

Lighter creates an impressive effect and the illusion of larger and bright space. Dark floors will also do the trick!

Hang curtains as close to the ceiling as possible

Long curtains always emphasize length. Even if the windows are small, floor-to-ceiling curtains will show them off in the best light.

Graphic diagonals on the walls

Another good way to create the illusion of a high ceiling is to draw diagonals on one of the walls. This will open up the space and change the perspective.

For best results, start from the center of the wall and end in the top left corner of the room (or top right corner, depending on which walls you decide to use).

Avoid using pendant lights

Pendant lights are specially designed for high ceilings, mainly because they make the ceiling closer to the floor.

If you have low ceilings, it is better to use flush lighting, although they may not have as attractive a design.

Avoid clutter

Visual clutter will lower your ceilings. Remove all unnecessary items or furniture. A simple interior design will create a vast display, so be prepared to use all the storage space you have!

Use a bright color on the floor

If your ceiling fails to impress, try to attract attention with a bright carpet on the floor. In fact, you don't have to use a rug at all, just try to keep the interest level with the floor.

It doesn’t matter at all what you decide to place on the shelves: books, interior items, paintings. It is important that when using shelves, the wall appears higher, and thus the ceiling appears to rise.

Tall accessories are more than welcome

Candles, flowers, accessories and any other high-quality items in your home will be useful. Be aware of contrasts and use your best to create them.

For example, you can decorate the table with a small round vase with tall thin branches.

I hope that at least one of the options for making ceilings higher will be useful to you, and you will share these recommendations with your friends by clicking on the social buttons. networks.



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