Getting into a plumbing store or choosing suitable option on the Internet, many people get confused when they see a huge range of different plumbing fittings. In order to understand all the intricacies of this issue, we will consider the main types of mixers. Their modern models differ from their traditional predecessors:

• Functionality;
• Aesthetic appearance;
• A variety of shapes, sizes and colors.

A mixer is a mechanism that performs the technical function of mixing. Traditionally, this device refers to the arrangement of sinks, bidets, toilets in bathrooms or toilets, as well as kitchen sinks. Although this issue can also be considered on the other side of the coin. We will try to understand what types of mixers there are, classify all the main types of mixers, focusing on the development of new technological trends and their innovative models.

• 1 Variety of plumbing fittings
  • 1.1 Division by control method
    • 1.1.1 Ball
    • 1.1.2 Two-valve
    • 1.1.3 Electronic
  • 1.2 Installation options
• 2 Materials for the manufacture of sanitary fittings elements
• 3 New items in sanitary fittings
  • 3.1 Smart plumbing fixtures
  • 3.2 Closer to nature
• 4 back side medals
  • 4.1 Screw
  • 4.2 Drum
• 5 Conclusion

Variety of sanitary fittings

All types of mixers are initially classified into two main categories:

1. Control method;
2. Installation location.

Division by control method

Based on the control method, manufacturers of sanitary fittings today produce mixers:

• Ball or lever;
• Two-valve or two-jaw;
• Equipped with an electronic water temperature controller.

Ball

Ball or single-lever devices have one handle for their control, with which you can regulate the flow of water comfortable temperature on the watering can. When the lever is lifted up or down, the water pressure is adjusted. When turning left or right, cold or hot water is supplied. These devices are convenient, have an elegant appearance, and are easy to operate.

Their disadvantage is that the ball module cartridge does not tolerate the substances present in the running water communication system particles of salts, dirt or rust. Because of this, over time it begins to turn hard and goes out of working condition.

This cartridge cannot be repaired, and replacing it is not very cheap. Therefore, for the successful operation of such single-lever devices, it is necessary to install a filter in the water supply line before installing it. mechanical cleaning

water.

Two-valve

Traditionally, two-valve appliances regulate the flow of water using two valve heads or, which open hot or cold water separately. They are easy to maintain, have a reasonable price, big choice

model range, are made of various materials, and their service life depends on the quality of the seals installed inside.

An example of these simplest plumbing fixtures are herringbone faucets. Designers pay maximum attention to “Christmas trees”, this applies to both their aesthetic appearance and the material they are made of. Therefore, herringbone faucets are available on the market in a wide range of different appearances and price ranges. It is these factors that satisfy a wide range of consumers, from those who have modest needs to those who have great capabilities.

In new herringbone models, manufacturers use polished ceramic heads instead of rubber gaskets, which absolutely do not allow leaks, thereby increasing the service life of these products.

Electronic Automatic electronic fittings do not have the usual traditional valves and levers. These functions are performed for them by buttons on the control panel, which can be built into the panel or be remote.

• An electronic control system can be equipped with:
• Automatic mixer;
• Cascade mixer;
• Wall mixer;
• Mixer with pull-out shower;
• Heated mixer;
• Mixer with photocell;
• Built-in mixer;

Floor mixer.

Installation location options

• Plumbing fittings are most often installed horizontally on the wall or panels with connection to existing communication systems. It is installed in:
• Bathroom;
• Shower stall;

Bathroom.

One of the types of wall mounting available on the market is the built-in faucet. The inner part of this device is mounted into the wall, leaving only a decorative plate with one or two convenient control levers on its outer surface.

The built-in faucet is based on a brass block with four threaded holes to control water flow. The entire system of this device is reliable, simple, and its repair can be carried out with minimal losses.

The built-in mixer is installed in a pre-prepared small recess with a diameter of up to 150 and a depth of up to 110 millimeters. During installation, water supply pipes must not be crossed. Significantly ease general installation Installing a plasterboard false wall will help with such reinforcement.

There is also vertical version installation of plumbing fixtures on the side of the bathroom or kitchen sink. Such installation is possible not only in the drain-overflow area, but also anywhere along the perimeter of the main plumbing equipment. For connoisseurs exquisite design The modern market offers a floor-standing mixer. This is the most expensive option for arranging luxury bathrooms, where there is no question of finding free space.

Materials for the manufacture of sanitary fittings elements

For the manufacture of the main body part of plumbing fittings, the following is used:

• Silumin alloy;
• Brass;
• Bronze;
• Ceramics;
• Plastic.

The most wear-resistant and high-quality are brass and bronze products. On top, all surfaces, including brass, are coated with chrome, nickel or enamel to give these products:

• Aesthetic shine;
• Beautiful appearance;
• Anti-corrosion properties.

The internal cartridges of plumbing fixtures are made of stainless steel. Valves and lever elements can be made of various materials. Patterned handles inlaid with crystal, colored glass or marble will add special sophistication to the interior, emphasizing the refined taste of the owners.

New items in sanitary fittings

Lately everyone has been appearing around us large quantity things that are designed to make our lives more comfortable. This list includes such interesting innovative models as automatic mixer and cascade mixer.

Smart plumbing fixtures

Such a smart plumbing device as an automatic faucet today is increasingly captivating the residents of our country and is becoming a firm part of our everyday life. It is very convenient to use, safe to use, eliminates the risk of burns from hot water, economical, and its huge range of models allows you to equip any bathtub or sink according to the design of the overall interior of the room.

The automatic mixer is equipped with a special thermostat with non-contact control. The automatic mixer works on the principle of maintaining a balance of water supply with comfortable parameters, thanks to the thermostat, temperature and water pressure control unit included in its design.

• For contactless control, the automatic mixer is equipped with:
• Infrared sensor;
• Solenoid valve;
• Electronics board;

Small display.

1. The operating principle of the electronic touch device is as follows: When, for example, a person’s hand enters the operating area of ​​the infrared sensor, a signal is triggered on the water solenoid valve
2. , which opens the tap to pour out water.

After the hand disappears from the range of the infrared sensor, the water is shut off.

Closer to nature

• Modern manufacturers, when developing and manufacturing new models of plumbing equipment, strive to give them:
• Maximum functionality;
• Special attractiveness;
• Modern design;
• Economical water consumption;
• Optimal ergonomic options;
• Comfort and ease of use;

A highlight of exclusivity.

The cascade mixer has all these characteristics. The cascade mixer is a built-in type of equipment. It is also called a home waterfall installed on the side of the bathroom. It wonderfully imitates man-made things in the apartment small miracle

like a natural phenomenon. Contemplating it, a person receives great aesthetic pleasure.

The cascade mixer in its internal arrangement does not differ from traditional analogues, with the exception of a wide, up to 30 centimeters, powerful spout jet. It is this that, at maximum pressure, is capable of passing up to 55 liters of water through itself per minute, which significantly reduces the time it takes to fill the bathtub bowl.

A cascading sink faucet can be elegantly designed with designers focusing on the shape of the water flow rather than the flow capacity and power of the jet. This factor gives the washing process, where such a cascade mixer is installed, a special charm, indescribable pleasure and a special feeling.

According to their design purpose, mixers are not only used for mixing water in plumbing fixtures. They are widely used as the main elements of processing production equipment:

• Bulk products;
• Thick and liquid substances;
• Seeds and nuts;
• Coffee and tea;
• Canned fish and meat.

They can be seen in the composition:

• Perfumery and cosmetics;
• Packing;
• Pharmaceutical;
• Transporting;
• Drying;
• Confectionery;
• Culinary;
• Meat and fish processing;
• Mining;
• Construction;
• Thermal equipment.

To perform the mixing function in these industries, the following is mainly used:

• Drum mixer;
• Tangential static;
• Four or three-way mixer.

Let's consider the operating principle of the types of equipment most commonly used in industrial, processing and agricultural production, such as a screw mixer and a drum mixer.

Screw

A screw mixer is used to mix a variety of bulk materials, or bulk materials with liquid ones, without forming a paste-like or doughy product. The screw mixer operates on the principle of continuous or periodic action.

The augers in this equipment can be installed in a horizontal, vertical or inclined position. Let's consider the principle of operation of such equipment with horizontal installation auger

1. Initially, the mixture enters the main bunker through the loading ladle bulk products given composition.
2. At the end of loading, a special valve closes and the lower auger begins to operate. Thanks to the operation of the lower auger, layers of dry loaded mixture are repeatedly mixed.
3. At the next technological stage of mixing, the mixture, through the bucket elevator and the upper distribution auger, again flows by gravity into the same bunker onto the lower auger.
4. At the end of the mixing process, ready mix exits through the outlet pipe.

Drum

A drum mixer mixes finely dispersed solid or powdery fractions that have large differences in their specific gravity values. A drum mixer mixes raw materials by rotating the container itself into which it is loaded.

The principle of its operation is based on the action of gravity of raw materials and its repeated pouring into a rotating volume of a cylindrical container.

Conclusion

Choosing plumbing fixtures today is not an easy task. Here you need to pay attention to:

• The quality of its constituent elements;
• Appearance;
• Design;
• Performance characteristics;
• Design solution;
• Compliance with the interior style of the room where it will be installed.

The modern market provides a huge range of models and modifications of plumbing fixtures from domestic and foreign manufacturers. According to numerous consumer reviews, the highest quality products are manufactured in Germany, Italy, France and Scandinavia. They have not only high quality workmanship, but also a high price.

However, having carefully studied all the component characteristics of sanitary fittings, everyone can choose a fairly optimal, convenient and comfortable option for arranging a bath, kitchen or bathroom, according to their individual preferences.

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• Kinds
• Choice
• Installation
• Finishing
• Repair
• Installation
• Device
• Cleaning

Types of mixers

The faucet is an indispensable plumbing element, without which no modern kitchen or bathroom can exist.

This device mixes hot and cold water, thereby greatly simplifying our lives. When choosing a mixer, you must pay attention to its quality, since it is installed for more than one year, and therefore must be reliable in operation.

There are many faucets on the market today various types and forms from different manufacturers. Even the most fastidious buyer will be able to choose a model that will fit perfectly into the interior of his kitchen or bathroom. But in order to choose the right mixer, you need to know what types of mixers there are, how they differ, and what advantages and disadvantages they have.

What types of mixers are there?

Faucets come in various shapes, designs, quality, color, functionality and the material from which they are made.

First of all, they all differ in size. So, it’s more suitable for the shower compact version, which may not have a bath-shower switch and water flows directly into the shower set.

Bath faucets come in low spout, swivel and fixed types. They usually have 3-4 outlets and a hand shower, with the ability to adjust the height of the shower holder. There are also models with an electronic control system.

Sink faucets are similar to bathtub models, but they have one advantage - they come with a drain set that allows you to close and open the drain hole by pressing a lever on the device itself. In addition, they may have one or more holes. The most common are single-hole models, which are easier to install and last longer. There are models with a “reverse” spout; a sink with such a device always sparkles with cleanliness.

For a bidet, a mixer with an aerator and a ball joint is well suited, allowing you to change the direction of the stream, which greatly simplifies its operation.

Mixers are made from different materials, but the most common are brass and chrome. There are also mixed models.

The best material for making a faucet is considered to be brass. The outer parts of the fittings are usually nickel-plated, chrome-plated and enameled. This protects them from corrosion. Chrome-plated models are more expensive, but with them you don’t have to worry about your health, since chrome does not allow microorganisms to develop.

Brass casings, faucet handles and shower heads are usually made of plastic.

In addition to regular models, there are exclusive ones on sale, trimmed with gold or other precious metals. You can find ready-made models made of chrome and granite. Among design works There are models with wood or marble finishes. Return to contents

Types of mixers

1. Mixers with two valves. They are a device with two taps that regulate the supply of hot and cold water. There are different sizes and forms. Perfect for the bathroom classic style. The disadvantage of such faucets is that they are quite capricious, often leak and require repair. But despite this, the demand for them is growing every day, as they save water. They come with a rubber gasket as a seal or ceramic discs.
2. Single lever faucets. They are very popular, although they appeared on sale not very long ago. They have the simplest principle of operation: using vertical movement, the jet pressure is adjusted, the water supply is turned on and off, and using horizontal movement, you can change the water temperature.
3. Faucets with sensor. They have panels with touch buttons that allow the user to adjust the water flow and temperature with maximum comfort. But such models are not reliable enough.
4. Faucets with contactless sensors. The design of such models includes an infrared sensor that reacts to the approach of hands. Typically used for wash basins.
5. Faucets with thermostatic regulators. They have two regulators with which you can set the desired water temperature and pressure. This is a rather complex and expensive design. Improved models of such faucets allow you not only to turn the water supply on and off, but also to automatically adjust the required water temperature. Faucets automatically set the water temperature to no higher than 38º C, but this function can be turned off. In addition, the device prevents the supply of too cold water, making its use safe and reliable. They are by far the best device that the market can offer to the consumer.
6. Cascade mixers. It is difficult to call such models ordinary mixers. They resemble a space device. The operating principle of such models is preserved, but the throughput is much greater, therefore, the water jet is much thicker. Typically, such models are sold immediately with an expensive luxury bathroom. For a regular bathtub, double-valve or single-lever faucets are quite suitable.

Choosing faucets for the kitchen, bathroom, toilet

Choosing a good faucet among a wide variety is not easy. As in other areas, the consumer faces a dilemma: take inexpensive Chinese or high-quality European equipment. First of all, you pay attention to the design, yes, this is important, but do not forget to check the characteristics of the mixer, the principle of its operation and ease of use. Choose a reliable, high-quality model and then it will serve you for a long time. Consult with a specialist; of course, the salesperson in the store will tell you, but after all, he is not a professional and partly he has his own interests.

• The most important indicator of quality is the material used to make the faucet. Traditionally, the best plumbing fixtures are made from centrifugally cast brass. This production method ensures uniformity of composition and strength.
• You can distinguish a quality product by its weight. German faucets hansgrohe, Grohe, Bulgarian Vidima and Italian-made plumbing fixtures are several times heavier than the products of numerous Chinese companies.
• Authenticity will be indicated by instructions printed on white paper, color packaging and a warranty card. Sellers are required to issue a warranty, the period of which is 2-5 years, depending on the manufacturer’s policy.
• Remember that you should not prioritize cheapness. Practice shows that buying a cheap faucet is almost always more expensive than purchasing a high-quality one.

mixer function

The main function of a faucet is to mix hot and cold water. Now the plumbing market offers many design options for faucets. But let's figure out what a mixer is? These are devices to which two pipes with hot and cold water. But how the water is mixed in the mixer depends on what kind of faucet the mixer has. Depending on the internal structure there are several types of faucets

• Single lever
• Two-valve
• Thermostats
• Sensory

Single lever mixers.

Single-lever faucets appeared relatively recently but are quickly gaining popularity due to their ease of use and large selection on the market. The water supply is regulated by moving the lever up and down, and the temperature adjustment is to the right and left, which is much faster and more convenient compared to two-valve mixers. Single-lever faucets use cartridges. They are reliable and durable, easy to replace during repairs. Disadvantage: high requirements for water quality and price.

Two-valve mixer.

These mixers have been known since Soviet times. However, even now they have not lost their relevance. Two-valve faucets are successfully used for both kitchen sinks and bathrooms. The bathroom uses a faucet with a shower diverter. A two-valve mixer looks like a faucet with two valves. It will take more time to adjust the water temperature than with a single-lever mixer, but the result will be more accurate. Thanks to this, water is consumed more economically, which is important if the apartment has a water flow meter. In two-valve faucets, rubber gaskets or ceramic discs are used as a closing element. Rubber gaskets are adapted to low water quality, they are easy to replace and are cheap. But their service life is short. Ceramic discs last a long time and to adjust the water, just turn the valve half a turn, which is convenient to use.

Thermostats

Modern technologies do not stand still. Faucets equipped with a thermocouple that controls the flow of hot and cold water are gaining popularity. It is enough to adjust the required water temperature parameters once and they are saved, and a constant water pressure is also maintained. Therefore, thermostats have two regulators. On one side of the thermostat mixer, the water pressure is regulated by a handle. And on the other there is a temperature scale on which you independently set the temperature you need.

This is very convenient; if there are children in the house, you don’t have to worry about their safety. Well, if you need hotter water or vice versa, just change the function. Comfort and reliability are guaranteed to you. And you can choose the design to your taste. But, I want to add a fly in the ointment. Unfortunately, our water supply systems do not always work well. With unstable pressure, surges and drops, thermostats do not always cope with the load and malfunctions may occur. (this happens!) If there are no problems with pressure in the water supply, then using such a tap is a pleasure. It works ideally when the hot water is turned off summer period and the hot water is heated by a “boiler”. In this case, the temperature in both pipes is stable and has the same pressure. You only use the flow knob, and the other is always in position 36.6

Touch sensor faucets for sinks.

We have long been accustomed to the fact that when entering an airport, train station or just a shopping center, the doors open on their own. Is it nice to wash your face in the sink with water at a comfortable temperature, without using any levers? The same infrared sensors are used here, only miniature ones. Let's take a look inside the sensor mixer and see what's there. There is a monoblock with control valves and the electronics necessary for its operation, a touch sensor and a small lithium battery. Yes, yes, it is a battery with a service life of at least two years - it is designed for an intensity of use of the mixer of 3000-5000 starts per month. Such a faucet is hygienic, water is used sparingly, but most importantly, you don’t have to worry about turning off the tap, so you won’t flood your neighbors below. The simplicity of the design and the absence of different connections makes it easy to install the device yourself.

And one last thing. Which material should you prefer? Most of the models offered by manufacturers are produced from become And sanitary brass. Since brass darkens over time, faucet bodies are chrome plated. These combinations are the most reliable and convenient.

Bath faucets

We combine the design you like with the necessary functionality (not to the detriment of the latter.) Bathroom faucets differ in that they are combined with a shower. In a small bathroom we use a faucet with a swivel spout, which makes it possible to use it for both the bathtub and the sink. Usually these are faucets with a hand shower, which can, if desired, be mounted on a holder installed at the height you need. In a country house or modern houses with a large bathroom, you can give free rein to your imagination in choosing styles and decorative designs. and also by installation method; wall-mounted, floor-mounted, table-top, built-in wall. You can install a cascade mixer. It is installed directly on the side of the bathtub. The bathtub will fill several times faster. This mixer is compact, practically does not create splashes, and is silent. True, the most inexpensive one costs twice as much as the usual one. In addition to the listed devices, there are now luxury interiors bathrooms use electronic contact faucets, which are adjusted using buttons on the panel. When it comes to materials, there is no place for stereotypes. Starting from inexpensive but high-quality plastic, silumin, ceramic cases and ending with glass, stone, cases with wooden design. In terms of functionality, the housing can be cast or made. The cast body has little functionality in terms of mobility, but is the most durable, moreover, it is more hygienic, easier to care for, and there are no different connections. Faucets with a prefabricated body are functional, but the greater the functionality, the more connecting nodes, which means less strength and more difficult to clean. Faucets with a telescopic spout have appeared, which can not only rotate left and right and along their axis, but also extend and even take different positions.

Bath and shower thermostats Click here, you won't regret it!

How do you like it? Do you feel like taking a shower? Shower mixer. It differs from a bath faucet primarily in its size, being more compact. This is due to the absence of a spout and a bath-shower switch. The water enters directly into the shower set, mixing there and reaching desired temperature. Installation of such systems can be either external or hidden.

Basin mixer.

Basin mixer. One of the main requirements for a basin faucet from customers is not so much technical excellence, but compatibility with other existing bath or shower faucets, i.e. creating a harmonious ensemble in the bathroom. Like similar mechanisms designed for bathtubs, sink faucets are designed for one hole or three. The latter option requires special plumbing. The first remains more common because its installation is somewhat simpler. This type of faucet must be equipped with a special kit for quick installation, as well as a connection. You can choose a rigid line using chrome-plated brass tubes or a flexible line with stainless flexible hoses. Some models of sink faucets are equipped with a special drain set. With its help, you can open or close the sink drain hole by pressing a small lever in the faucet body. Another interesting configuration is known - these are faucets equipped with a pull-out spout to ensure simple and effective care behind the surface of the shell. With such a mechanism, the plumbing fixtures will retain their original appearance for a long time, and cleaning will not take much time and will not require significant effort.

Bidet mixer.

Bidet mixer. In terms of its technical and functional characteristics, it is in many ways similar to a sink faucet. In most cases, the faucet is mounted directly on the side and can have one or three holes. The only difference is that the bidet faucet kit includes a special aerator with a ball joint, which allows you to change the direction of the stream and makes the use of plumbing simpler and more comfortable. Another modification of the classic bidet faucet is complemented by a hygienic shower. This function allows you to use a regular toilet as a bidet. To do this, you need to have a sink nearby. If the bathroom is not large, this is an excellent way out. Hygienic shower Can also be connected to standard shower faucets, including faucet hidden installation. You can also use special thermostats for bidets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=le67aIUEuZ8

How to recognize a “Chinese” faucet? Why quotes? There are decent manufacturers in China. I mean artisanal production of cheap goods. These faucets are not only cheaper, but also lighter. For their production, advances in powder metallurgy are used and plastic and aluminum powder are often used. In the best case, the Zamak material is used - an alloy of zinc, aluminum, steel and 7-10% brass. Naturally, there is no need to talk about guarantees and service life of such mixers.

Due to the increase in prices for housing and communal services and the installation of metering devices, the demand for sensor faucets for home needs has increased. Most in demand today touchless thermostatic mixers, allowing you to set the temperature and water pressure with high accuracy.

Types of touch faucets.

Depending on the area of ​​application, different models of mixers are installed in the house. For the kitchen we install a mixer with lever and touch controls, since we need constant adjustment of the water temperature. This mixer is equipped with a valve or levers.

The package may include an aerator, but a watering can and a pull-out spout are not included with inexpensive models.

The latest models of kitchen faucets are a modern multifunctional device that can be turned on and off with a button or from a touch panel, equipped with an aerator or timer to save water, and also have a pull-out spout for a pot or kettle.

In the bathroom you can install touchless washbasin products and a sensor shower. To turn on the water supply you must be in the work area sensor, which can be configured using the remote control. Sensory showers have an undeniable advantage in saving water consumption. The delivery set includes a touch panel with a built-in touch sensor. If quite recently sensory mixers were considered an expensive purchase, now a sensory mixer can be found from 9,000 rubles. But the best choice is, of course, value for money. Touch faucets differ from each other in the type of sensors that operate on photocells and on infrared rays. The latter have a significant “plus” since they do not require special distance calibration during installation. This becomes possible due to the absence of dependence on the distance of the object. The faucets are powered by a 9V series lithium battery with a two-year lifespan. It is capable of cycling water on and off about 4000 times. Usually the battery is sold complete with the mixer.

Benefits of sensor faucets

• Using a touch-sensitive faucet allows you to stop worrying about whether you've turned off the tap. Setting a suitable temperature eliminates the need to constantly mix cold and hot water.
• If there are small children in the house, you will not be worried about the child getting burned.
• And of course, it saves water

How to choose a mixer

To make the mixer convenient and suitable for you, decide how you will use it. Faucets with a medium or, preferably, high spout are suitable for the kitchen; then it will be easy to place a large saucepan or a tall flower vase. Accordingly, the sink (sink) should be deep. In the bathroom, if in addition to washing your hands and brushing your teeth you will not use the faucet for other needs, a faucet with a low spout and a short spout is quite suitable.

When choosing a wall-mounted mixer, it is important to pay attention to such an indicator as the angle of incidence of the jet. Depending on this, fix the mixer in height relative to the sink.

The comfort of a bathroom primarily depends on its technological component, i.e. what kind of plumbing is used, with an important influence on the ease of adoption water procedures has a mixer. Only at first glance it seems that the type of bathroom faucet is not particularly important; in fact, the comfort of water activities and the aesthetic appearance of the entire room depend on this factor.

Variety of bathroom faucets

Types of bathroom faucets are divided according to two parameters:

1. Location:

• Wall structures, which are installed on walls in the area of ​​plumbing fixtures. Such contractions most often have hidden installation, i.e. the mount itself is located in the lined wall, from which the couplings for installing the mixer come out. Wall-mounted types of bathroom faucets are characterized by increased installation rigidity, high throughput water and the ability to install it at any level convenient for the consumer.

• Built-in models into the side of the bathroom or an attached shelf (cabinet). Such faucets are compact in size with a stylized design and special fastening, therefore, in most cases they are used as component additions to luxury bathroom designs. Separately sold built-in types of bathroom faucets can be problematic to install in standard budget bathrooms, which is why such models are not very popular.

2. Design features:

• Two-valve models, familiar to every person for many decades, i.e. classic designs with two “turntables” that separately supply hot and cold water. Mixers are simple in design and relatively inexpensive, depending on the type of alloy used for manufacturing and the brand of the manufacturer. Mixers with two “turntables” are easily repaired, and replacing the rubber sealing axle boxes solves many water leakage problems, while the models are distinguished by a large flow capacity, which has a positive effect when the water pressure in the main is low.

• Ball faucets have a similar principle of operation to double-valve faucets, only as a locking unit there is a hinge with holes, the combination of which ensures the passage of water through the faucet. The advantages of this design are large throughput capacity, sensitivity in adjustment and simplicity of design, which ensures long term operation.

• Single lever types of bathroom faucets are more modern and original designs, the control of water supply and mixing is carried out by one lever, which mechanically acts on the mixer cassette in the depth of the tap. The design is based on a pair of plates with three small channels, the different displacements of which ensure dosing and mixing of two streams of water. The mixer is especially convenient for simple and quick adjustment of the water flow with one movement of the lever, but due to the small through holes in the design, the faucet limits the flow of water, which significantly reduces the flow at low pressure in the system.

• Temperature controlled or electronic types of bathroom faucets - latest developments of self-maintaining faucets set temperature, and the number of modifications is increasingly increasing. But such taps are quite expensive, and their operation requires relatively stable water pressure in the system, so their use is limited to luxury bathrooms with automatic system monitoring and regulation of water in the main. Modifications of temperature-controlled faucets come with contactless control, and with an information screen, and with LED backlighting, and some models have a built-in power source, while others are “powered” by their own generator, which generates current when a flow of water passes.

Features of bath faucets

Various types of bathroom faucets are often modified by manufacturers, releasing more and more new collections, so you can find the following distinctive features:

Various alloys of non-ferrous metals are used as materials for the manufacture of faucets, and cheap models of faucets are quickly chemically “eaten away” by hard water, and for expensive models alloys with a high copper content (bronze, brass) are used, which guarantees long term operation of the device.

Protective coatings for faucets also differ in the metal-containing coating used and in the quality of its application. This is how nickel-plated, silver-plated, gold-plated and ceramic-painted coatings are distinguished. Moreover, in theory, each of the protective coatings is excellent protection, but the method of its application and the thickness of the layer significantly affects the safety of the coating from scratches and peeling.

Structurally, mixers with turntables differ in operating speeds: classic – several turns and half a turn. The classics are rapidly becoming a thing of the past due to the inconvenient adjustment of the water flow, but faucets with a half-turn stroke have gained popularity due to the smooth adjustment of the water flow with a short movement of the turntable.

Almost all types of bathroom faucets have an outlet for connection flexible hose soul, and they are not always equipped with them, and the body itself has a plug. It is worth paying attention to the design of the faucet/shower switch, because... Some models may be difficult to switch or difficult to fix position. When selecting a mixer, the normal assembly switches and locks easily and reliably.

According to the installation method, we can distinguish original designs with fastening to the floor on a large stand or with mounting on horizontal surfaces with a short stand. Such models are usually used in ultra-modern bathroom finishing styles, and due to their high price, they can only be purchased on order.

When choosing a mixer, be sure to check it technical condition(check all threads, movement of turntables, lever, “gander”, etc.). In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the coating, which should not be damaged by deep scratches.

Installing faucets is the final touches in installing the plumbing of an apartment or house. The choice of these plumbing fixtures is carried out primarily according to their intended purpose: for a bathroom or kitchen sink, a bathtub bowl (or a rotary one with a long spout, for using a sink and a bathtub), for a bidet. As a rule, in specialized stores, mixers are assembled in groups and labeled.

Most technicians and managers working in the plumbing industry argue that the manufacturer is extremely important, and which faucet is better depends on this: a cheap faucet from a European manufacturer will last longer than an expensive Chinese one. True, it is increasingly observed that Chinese faucets almost as durable as those produced in Europe and the CIS.

When choosing a mixer, it is important to have technical concepts: type of water mixing, spout height, aeration, production material, installation method. It is these technical details, such as the design of the mixer, as well as the aesthetic and functional parts, that we will talk about in this article.

Mixer water mixing principle

Such a parameter as the type of water mixing, which partly determines the cost, reliability, and ease of use of the mixer. It is determined by the type of one or two mechanisms within which the process of mixing cold and hot water takes place in a given proportion.

The type of water mixing mechanism determines the fineness and ease of setting the temperature, as well as the ability to save the setting for the next water drain. It is important to pay attention not only to the types of mixers, but also to the availability of spare parts-cartridges for such mechanisms on separate sale, because this is the part of the mixer that most often fails and has to be repaired, or even replaced entirely.

Ease of use lies in the ease of setting up the water, the speed of switching on/off and replacing parts if they break down. So, according to the principle of mixing water, bath and sink faucets are:

• two-valve;
• single lever;
• portioned;
• thermostatic;
• electronic.

If we talk about modern ones, then faucets for them are produced in all four types, but the difference is the presence of an additional switch for the water head (rotary or telescopic - push), which redirects the mixed water to the spout or to the shower head.

Two-valve, two-handle mixers are the most ancient; especially they could often be observed in Soviet times, but with the advent of new single-lever faucets, they began to disappear.

However, modern engineering has made changes to the design and construction, due to which new types of two-valve mixers are also in demand today. In this case, it is important to distinguish the design of the valve shut-off element, according to which the valves are divided into two types: reciprocating valve axlebox and ceramic valve.

Reciprocating crane axle box was used back in Soviet times, the principle of its operation is to convert the rotational movement of the valve into translational, forcing a special piston to press on the rubber gasket. As a result, the gasket slightly opens or closes the hole through which water is supplied; thus, its supply is regulated.

The old design caused the gasket itself to rotate, which caused it to quickly wear out. New developments have such a design of the mixer tap that the gasket does not rotate, therefore, it lasts longer. In addition, high-quality, more wear-resistant rubber gaskets containing silicone have appeared.

Ceramic valve - a newer development, which is based on a locking element in the form of a ceramic plate with a hole. When you turn the valve, the plate rotates itself, and the hole in it is aligned with the hole through which water flows. The larger the overlap area, the more water enters the spout. The angle of rotation is 90 and 180 degrees, which is several times less than when adjusting water with a reciprocating axle-box valve.

Advantages The advantages of mixers with these types of water mixing are that you can select the water temperature as accurately as possible, especially in the case of an axle-box tap. The valves are controlled at the level of intuition, so it does not require getting used to. Spare parts are available and the valve mechanisms are easy to repair.

Flaws two-valve mixers - the impossibility of maintaining the cold/hot water proportions in order to obtain the same temperature when draining again, without setting everything up again (as is possible in other types of mixers). Unlike single-lever faucets, you have to use both hands to turn it on/off and adjust the temperature. Faucet-mounted faucets still break down more often than others.

The design of the single-lever mixer was developed by a Russian Soviet engineer, who unsuccessfully tried to prove to the relevant commissions and ministries that there was meaning in his invention and it was worth putting it into production capacity.

He managed to patent and put into production a single-lever mixer device only in the USA, and then with the support of a sponsor, who filed a patent in his name with the condition of proceeds of 50% of the income.

There are two types of locking mechanism for a single-lever mixer: ball (metal) and plate (with several ceramic plates). These locking elements are housed in a special part called a cartridge.

Ball cartridge has a hollow element as a locking element metal ball with three holes, made of stainless steel. Two holes on the sides through which hot and cold water are supplied with a diameter slightly smaller than the third, outlet.

Depending on the position of the horizontal rotation of the lever, the holes of the ball have different accessible areas for water to enter them and mix inside, in the mixing chamber. The already mixed water enters the spout through the third hole.

The ball inside the “sleeve” is sealed with special seals, elastic sealing rings; It is noteworthy that some companies use a ball mixer device with Teflon-coated seals, which makes control of the lever easier and smoother, and increases durability.

Ceramic cartridge has several different designs. The basis of the locking mechanism, as with ceramic valves, is a perfectly smooth plate with a hole made of ceramic. However, the cartridge, depending on the manufacturer, has two or three plates, and a varied, very complex rotating bolt design made from them.

A ceramic cartridge faucet is much easier to operate than a ball cartridge faucet, but is vulnerable to hard water that contains particles. Therefore, you need to install prefilters for them (the article “” talks about them).

Advantages single-lever faucets with ball or ceramic cartridges - durability, ease of use and the ability to adjust the water ratio one-time and turn it on in that proportion every time. To do this, you need to adjust the angle of rotation of the lever once, and then turn on the drain by lifting the lever without touching the adjusted angle.

Flaws Such mixers are expensive, as well as the high cost of ball and ceramic cartridges. Ball ones may become more difficult to turn over time; ceramic ones will deteriorate if there are particles in the water. The compromise is plastic cartridges, which, although short-lived, are much cheaper.

Most often in public sanitary premises you can see batch mixers. They are a faucet device with buttons, when pressed once, a portion of water is supplied through the spout for a certain period of time.

These devices contain a gasket located on the extension of the rod as a locking element. The gasket and rod are located in the internal cavity special camera(glass), into which already mixed water is supplied from a separate mechanism controlled by a lever on the side (usually).

When pressed, the button is under the tension of a compressed spring, which decompresses over time, pulling back the rod with the gasket. Thus, when the spring pulls the button to its original position, the rod with the gasket closes the hole from the inside of the glass through which mixed water is supplied to the spout.

Lever with element , regulating the temperature, supplying hot water pressure, as well as the mixing chamber, are elementary, almost solid metal products, which, as a rule, do not break, therefore, we will not consider their design.

It is only important to say that these types of mixers must be installed in water supply systems with back pressure valves for both cold and hot water supplies. This is necessary so that hot water (if its pressure in the pipe is greater than in cold pipe), did not displace the cold one in the mixing chamber.

It is important to install valves because, unlike other faucets, the idea of ​​batch faucets is to adjust the ratio of hot to cold water once and never touch it again.

Advantages Portion mixers are that you don’t need to adjust the water temperature every time, plus you eliminate the worry that you forgot to turn off the water and it was wasted: the portion mixer dispenses a small portion and turns off automatically. Also, this device will appeal to connoisseurs of hygiene, because to use it, a person only needs one small touch on a button the size of a thumb.

Flaws They are obvious, and mainly manifest themselves in inconvenience when long-term water supply is necessary. Also, it will not be possible to fine-tune the water temperature in them, although, in principle, neither the first nor the second drawback manifests itself if you use the batch mixer purely for its intended purpose: for washing hands, light rinsing.

Water mixing principle of thermostatic mixer

Thermostatic mixers are mechanical devices that automatically maintain a set temperature. They are used in bathrooms and, as a rule, come complete with shower heads. On the sides of the thermostatic mixer there are regulators in the form of handles: one for regulating the water pressure, supplying/cutting it off; the second is for setting the temperature.

Any thermostatic mixer device contains a unit in which the proportion of cold to hot water is dispensed, often called a “smart, intelligent cartridge”. It (thermostatic) cartridge has a special element that reacts to the temperature of the water - a thermostat.

It is a capsule that is filled with a waxy substance that has the property of melting and expanding in volume when heated. Thus, during expansion, pressure occurs on the pin with the shut-off element, which reduces the pressure of hot water entering the mixing unit. And vice versa: with excessive cooling, the piston is pulled back, increasing the supply of hot water.

Thermostatic cartridge designed in such a way that its operation can be influenced using a handle, setting the temperature above which the locking mechanism begins to operate.

If cold water stops supplying for any reason, then the thermostat’s reaction speed is enough to bring it into action at lightning speed. locking mechanism, completely shutting off the hot water.

When installing such a device, it is important to know exactly the structure of the mixer and the wiring, that is, where to connect hot water and where to connect cold water. After mixing, the water flows into the pressure control unit (using another handle), and then into the spout.

Advantages mixers based on a thermostatic cartridge consist of the same automatic regulation of water at a temperature set once, as well as protection against burns when cold water is suddenly turned off. Although such plumbing fixtures are very rare, there are already statistics about their durability: good brand The thermostatic mixer lasts about 10 years without replacing the cartridge.

Flaws device due to its high cost: quality manufacturer, in a good configuration, a thermostatic bath mixer can cost even tens of times more than the types described above. Another drawback is the high cost of thermostatic cartridges: if it does break, then get ready to pay $80-200 (for 2015, in the CIS).

Electronic components embedded in the mixer body control the pressure and temperature of water with mathematical precision and maintain its preset temperature. Unlike a thermostatic mixer, an electronic one contains special temperature sensors that transmit to the electronic stop valve electrical signal.

The configuration options and functionality of the system are varied, so an electronic mixer can have a device containing a microprocessor that can control the water supply based on a given time mode, temperature mode, and even turn on decorative effects - lighting. However, electronic faucets are divided mainly according to the control method, which can be non-contact or contact.

Electronic touchless faucets controlled using infrared sensors (elements that react to heat, including the heat of human hands). When a heat source (hands) is under the spout, the sensor is triggered and water is supplied.

Some kits have a faucet device with additional functionality and are equipped with a temperature control sensor: it can be adjusted by moving your hands closer to or away from the spout in a vertical direction.

Primordial temperature regime in such mixers, it is mainly set by a small lever located under the body. There are no digital indicators in such primitive models, and there is no microprocessor as such. They are mainly used in public sanitary premises.

Electronic contact mixers can have wide functionality and can be configured using buttons on them, or on a separate panel; Mostly they have indicators that display the set temperature, time, and even water consumption modes.

The buttons are used to both turn on/off the water supply and control modes. The variety of models of such faucets is very large in terms of design, and it is also worth noting in some the lighting effect: LEDs built into the spout illuminate the stream of water; There may be effects of colors changing over time or temperature.

Electronic contact types of faucets are used in luxury bathroom interiors as separate devices, and are also often built-in and come complete with multifunctional shower cabins.

Advantages electronic faucets - the highest degree of convenience, stylish appearance, extremely wide functionality depending on the configuration. A design that fits perfectly into modern interior design styles (Hi-Tech, etc.), as well as decorative water lighting effects.

Flaws – a particularly high cost of the product itself, as well as difficult-to-choose components that from one company do not fit the mixers of another company, model, etc. Diagnosing a spare part that has broken down and replacing it is beyond the capabilities of a simple business person.

The durability of the mixer depends not only on the design of its working mechanisms in contact with water, but also on the body itself, the material of its manufacture and the number of detachable, threaded units of which it consists.

After all, everyone knows that the more connections, the higher the likelihood of failure. It is also important to know what decorative solutions there are for faucet bodies so as not to grab the first one you like from the (slightly larger than modest) assortment of a construction supermarket.

As for the material, the stereotypes that the choice of mixer comes from an assortment in metal cases can be dispelled, because now both artificial and natural materials of absolutely diverse origins are used. So, the mixer body can be distinguished by:

• production material;
• number of functional units;
• decorative design, style.

By the way, today the production material is often very densely selected, one that has initially high decorative properties. At the same time, the strength and service life are not necessarily much lower than that of metal, and in some cases it will be better.

Mixer body material

Faucets with plastic case , perhaps the cheapest due to the easy formation of the body, as well as the low cost of the material itself - plastic.

There are many varieties of this modern polymer, and at first glance it is impossible to determine its brand of strength, wear resistance and environmental friendliness.

Therefore, when choosing a faucet with a plastic body, you need to pay attention to the type of plastic: ABS is considered a high-quality material - a type of high-strength and environmentally friendly plumbing plastic.

The advantages of a mixer body made of high-quality plastic are the absence of corrosion, ease of cleaning and low visibility of stains from water, salts and other contaminants; low cost. The disadvantages are that plastic is plastic and it is inferior in all strength and durability characteristics to metal, and is also easily scratched.

Faucets with silumin body also refer to cheap types. This material (silumin) belongs to metal and is an alloy of aluminum and silicon. A large proportion of the base metal is aluminum and a smaller proportion is silicon, which imparts strength characteristics.

When choosing a faucet with a body made of silumin, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the coating, because the material itself reacts with water, building up efflorescence on the surface.

Silumin is short-lived and, as a rule, the biggest problem is threaded connections: they are the thinnest, most fragile and are constantly in contact with water, so they rot and burst relatively quickly. And if the chrome or any other coating wears off, then in addition, the appearance will deteriorate and it will be extremely difficult to remove it.

Faucets with ceramic body In appearance they also cause mistrust, however, they are more practical than the previous ones. First of all, people associate ceramics with fragile tableware, but in in this case We are talking about high-strength brands of reinforced porcelain.

Unlike, which can be made from more fragile ceramics - earthenware, faucets have a specific shape and a thin layer, which is why there is a greater risk of damage, so the ceramics for their production are taken of the highest quality.

Porcelain types of faucets are quite rare, which brings them closer to designer, highly decorative ones. Their advantages are a bright, eye-catching appearance; do not react with water, its stains are not visible and easy cleaning. The material is durable, perfectly smooth, does not absorb water and is easy to clean, does not scratch or wear out. As for the price, a porcelain faucet is not cheap.

Today they are the most common among all cost categories: from cheap, brandless Chinese to global manufacturers of exclusive models.

The danger of cheap models is that you probably don’t know what quality the steel is or whether it is steel at all. The fact is that some “magicians” have learned to make a fake of high-quality steel by adding lead to light (and brittle, like silumin) alloys for a weight similar to steel, and an admixture of chromium for a similar shine.

But real steel is good appearance, strength, durability. The price of such faucets is cheaper than those made from high-quality alloys, but their strength and durability are also high. The greatest disadvantages lie in the reaction with rough water containing impurities harmful to the metal.

Faucets with bronze body the most expensive and durable, especially these types of bathroom faucets are resistant to rough water and are not subject to corrosion.

Traditionally, bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, but its modern modifications are made by replacing tin with aluminum or beryllium, possibly with the introduction of additional filler materials (silicon, zinc, manganese, nickel) for easier processing and additional shine, etc.

The most diluted bronze is considered an alloy that contains at least 60% copper; high-quality faucets are made from alloys containing about 80% copper. Bronze faucets are made mainly in a retro style, which determines their narrow decorative purpose.

Faucets with brass body similar in properties to those of bronze. This alloy of copper (at least 60%) and zinc is called brass. In terms of cost, brass faucets are cheaper compared to bronze ones, if we are talking about really high-quality bronze.

The surface of the brass mixer body can be coated with chrome or nickel plating for better cleaning and giving a modern look (if they are not done in a retro style).

If we talk about exclusive or so-called VIP models , then there are the most expensive, highly decorative faucets made of pure copper, but they have the disadvantage of fragility, and over time it becomes covered with a special coating called patina.

There are even separate lines of faucets whose bodies are made of silver, but bronze and brass are the most common and expensive, and the most luxurious and expensive ones are made of copper. This is the maximum that is available to people of average and even slightly above average income.

Functionality of the mixer body

They have little functionality in terms of mobility, but are the most durable and are most often used for bathroom sinks, although today there are excellent models for kitchen sinks.

In addition to durability, another advantage is easy cleaning: there are no difficult to clean joints where dirt gets caught.

With a cast body, the faucet device consists of solid material and has no joints, which means that it will be impossible to turn the faucet itself, the spout and the aerator.

In such faucets, only the taps, levers, cartridges and spouts are removable (in models with a long spout for bathtubs and sinks), and the “blanks” themselves are attached rigidly to the base of the sink or wall.

valued for its functionality: depending on the configuration, the body may contain reversible units at the base of the body, at the interface between the spout and the body, and also have a connected hinge ball mechanism at the end of the spout.

It is worth noting the highest functionality of faucets with a telescopic spout, which can not only rotate left and right and along its axis, but also extend and even take different positions. As for the disadvantages of such mixers, the more functional their bodies are, the more connecting units, the less durable they are and the harder it is to clean.

Decorative designs, faucet styles

Glass faucets They harmonize perfectly with glass sinks/bathtubs. Those that have a variety of lighting are particularly decorative.

They are mainly made with a cascade spout, which gives the flow of water the character of a stream or waterfall.

Only the spout, or the spout with part of the body, can be glass. The spout can be in the form of a spatula, saucer, or “spout”; highly decorative, designer faucets can be made in the form of a jug, glass, vase, etc.

Ceramic faucets With decorative design They have basically a solid porcelain body in the form of a wide variety of objects, statues of people and animals, natural motifs of waterfalls, streams, etc.

Such decorative faucets are good because they can almost ideally display a natural object, thanks to modern methods of shaping, painting and applying glaze.

The nature of the stream is a waterfall; The cascade spout ensures a free flow of water, without pressure and strong splashing.

Stone faucets when it comes to natural stone, are considered the most luxurious and noble, because natural material has always been, is and will be in fashion, as an integral part of the classic style.

IN modern design Single-lever mixers in the shape of a well-column, combined with a metal spout and lever or entirely made of stone, will fit. Yes, and a standard, uncomplicated shape mixer made of natural stone(marble, granite, etc.) also has a pronounced decorative effect.

Faucets with wood finish fit perfectly into the naturalistic style, the so-called eco-style of the interior of a bathroom or kitchen, but there are various design models.

View only at single lever mixer in the shape of a beer tap, what an intricate and pleasing model for beer lovers)))+).

Of course, the entire body consists of metal, and on the outside there is a kind of wooden cover placed on it, repeating the shape. There are also those in which metal parts it is practically invisible and there is a feeling that the “wooden” types of faucets are entirely hewn from a log. This finish is durable thanks to modern wood impregnations and varnishes.

Metal decorative faucets the most common compared to all the types described above.

These include faucets made of stainless steel, alloys with chrome or nickel coating, made in modern high-tech styles under Hi-Tech and others.

The most common and affordable branded faucets with decorative shapes are made of stainless steel. In the classic vintage style, high-quality faucets are made of bronze and brass; Copper is considered the height of luxury.

The most striking example is a bathtub faucet shaped like a vintage 19th-century telephone with a tube-shaped shower head. They look best made of copper: shiny, red. However, over time, copper darkens, becoming covered with an oxide film, which, by the way, is also protective for this metal.

Installation methods, spatial arrangement of mixers

Yes, the matter does not end with choosing the mechanism and body of the mixer, since important parameter is the installation method. This also determines its spatial position, the amount of effort for installation, and its cost, in the end. The installation method, or more precisely, the types of faucets according to the installation method, are open (wall-mounted faucets) and hidden (mortise faucets).

With the open installation method, the mounting support for the mixer is the ends of the pipes with threads to which the fixation takes place. Housing with everyone structural elements at the same time located in open space.

The hidden installation method involves fixing the entire faucet mechanism into a niche, leaving only the spout and control device accessible (faucet, valve, lever, sensor - depending on the type of faucet). In addition, according to their location in space, mixers are divided into:

• wall;
• desktop;
• floor

You may need to purchase additional adapters, expanders, hoses, and so on. From my own experience I say that if you don’t figure it out once, you’ll have to go back and forth for little things several times, wasting a lot of time.

Types of wall-mounted mixers according to installation method

Today they are mainly used to provide water for baths and have a connection to a shower head. They are very simple to install and dismantle and can be easily replaced.

The main thing is that the pipe outlets on which they are attached hold tightly. Wall-mounted, that is, wall-mounted mixers, can be installed by anyone, more or less economic man holding a previously plumbing wrench in his hands.

Budget options for such mixers are the cheapest of all existing ones; in addition, many choose models with a long spout (more than 30 cm) and install it in such a way that it can be redirected from the bath to the sink and vice versa, as needed. Thus, one faucet in the bathroom replaces two.

many find them more attractive because they have minimal protruding elements.

Double valve, single lever and electronic; for a bath or for a sink - they all come built-in.

To install them, it is necessary to prepare a niche in advance, and of considerable depth, since it will contain shut-off valves, a mixing unit and connecting fittings.

Therefore, choosing this type of faucet would not be a good idea for old brick houses, especially those with thin and fragile partitions made of gypsum blocks.

The only way out in this case is to cover the partition with moisture-resistant plasterboard so that the entire “filling” of the mixer fits into the space created inside.

- these are those that are mounted to the sink or bathtub using the included threaded fasteners: studs or nuts.

They are open (external) because almost the entire body rises above the bowl; under it only connections for flexible hoses or copper tubes to the water supply.

They are most common in the budget class of sink faucets and do not require special installation labor: fastening is done using the “pin” type in the case of thick-walled bowls (porcelain, earthenware, stone), “nut” - for thin-walled bowls (metal, glass, plastic) . And in most cases there is a hole for mounting such a mixer in the bowl itself.

, that is, hidden installation, is mainly used for bathtubs. Their outer part– water regulators (taps/lever/sensor), spout, watering can, as well as a button to switch from spout to it.

It is important to note that this type of faucet is convenient in itself, and many models are designed in such a way that the hose of the shower head is also disguised under the bathtub bowl; only the holder with the shower head itself is located on it, and the hose is pulled out without problems during its operation.

Installation is extremely difficult, because there are no mounting holes for built-in tabletop faucets in either bathtubs or sinks and they must be cut out yourself using a hole saw with a drill turned on in reverse mode. And after that a lot technical points, so you will have to pay a plumber for installation.

Types of floor mixers according to installation method

are presented in the form of a pipe, which is attached to the floor using a mounting plate (also called a sole, boot) on dowels.

Cold and hot water connections are made from below, that is, the water supply must be laid in advance in the screed layer and have appropriate outlets at the installation site.

A modern floor-standing faucet, although it has many advantages, is very expensive, so it can mainly be seen in luxury interiors.

Their advantage is that water pipes do not need to be routed through the walls at all and remain hidden in the floor. This slightly increases the reliability of the entire water supply network, and also slightly reduces its cost.

with a shower head are a structure very similar to a column shower (not to be confused with a shower column).

The connection to the water supply is also made from below, as in floor-mounted sink faucets.

However, such structures can have two massive riser pipes, which are mounted on separate or on one common mounting plate, sole.

Floor standing bathtub faucets need to be much more stable as they carry more weight. Their cost is very high, and installation must be entrusted to a good plumber.

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