How to choose a reliable padlock: types and features. Types of padlocks

Device padlocks is not complicated, it has changed little since those distant times when in Ancient Rome This locking mechanism was invented. The lock consists of two main elements - the shackle and the body. In some locks, the shackle is replaced by a locking pin or a flexible steel rope. The shackle of the padlock is threaded through the lugs or brackets and securely fixed by the actuator in the housing.

The shackle is an important part of a padlock

According to the principle of operation, temples are divided into two main types - retractable and folding; the first category also includes removable temples. Folding arms can be:

Forged;

Lamellar, welded or riveted from 2-4 parts of the same shape;

Flat stamped;

Round bent from steel rod.

The shape and dimensions of the bow influence the choice of the installed shut-off valves, for example, on powerful, thick ears it is more convenient to put on a lock with a long or removable shackle.

The shackle is the most vulnerable part of a padlock, so for critical premises it is necessary to choose models door locks with temples made of high-strength alloys or of stainless steel. Not resistant to mechanical impact The arms can be easily cut with tongs or cut with a hacksaw.

What is the mechanical secret of padlocks?

Currently, the variety of padlocks largely depends on the type of mechanical locks used in the design. Today you can find the following types of padlocks:

Level ones, which are a combination of plates with shaped slots;

Cylinder, in which the secret mechanism is assembled into a single unit;

Disk, consisting of several disks and balance pins;

Secret or combination locks;

Screw.

The main task of a mechanical secret is to allow you to open the lock with your own unique key. Only he can activate the levers, which either independently release the bow or do it with the help of a bolt. Typically, the levers or bolt are fixed in a closed state in a recess or in a special hole in the bow on one side. Rarely, but still there are models of padlocks in which the shackle is fixed on both sides at once.

Leverless locks: how they work

One of the most original technologies padlocks are leverless mechanisms. Their principle is based on the action of the lock spring on the bolt, which, with its bent protrusion, blocks the recess of the shackle. The key bit acts on the bolt, it releases the shackle, which pops out under the action of a spring. These padlocks are closed by simply clicking the lowering shackle, no key is needed. This feature gave such locks the nickname “clickers”; they are widely used for locking intensively used premises for various purposes.

One of the simplest and most reliable types of leverless locks is the “weight”. Its feature is the centralized placement of the crossbar, consisting of 2-4 flat plates and spacers, which form gaps in accordance with the grooves on both legs of the bow. They are operated by half a turn of the key, which is usually double-sided and flat in shape. The number of secrets, which are actually kind of levers, can reach 10, which allows you to securely fix the bow. The body of such padlocks is usually made of cast iron, and the part of the shackle protruding above it has a specific semicircular shape, for which the mechanism received the nickname “weight”.

A padlock, also called a barn lock or a padlock, appeared several thousand years ago, but even today it is in great demand and is actively used. Typically, such a locking device is installed on garage doors, wooden doors outbuildings, in dachas, barns, warehouses, workshops, gates, etc. What makes them good is a successful combination simplicity, reliability and ease of use.

Definition

A padlock is a device installed on a door using lugs through which a shackle is hung. Most often, the locking mechanism is cylinder, less often lever-type. Maximum simple design, easy to install and dismantle. The disadvantage of this type of lock is that it is less protected than others from mechanical burglary.

Division into groups by material

If we divide products according to the material used to make the cases, we can note the following most common groups: cast iron, brass, steel. Sometimes you can find such a padlock - an old one, made of cast iron, which has always been considered the cheapest metal. But products from it were produced by casting, which made it possible to make locks of the most varied shapes. In addition, durable and reliable cast iron devices are resistant to deformation, mechanical damage and corrosion.

Steel products are also highly durable, but this metal is not anti-corrosion, and its cost is much higher than cast iron. In order to prevent rust, some locks are made of even more expensive stainless steel, which significantly increases the service life of the product.

The padlock, the photo of which is presented below, is made of brass. The metal is lightweight, has a beautiful surface and is highly resistant to corrosion. The only drawback can be considered the softness of the material.

Separation of locks based on other criteria

• The security mechanism can be a padlock with a cylinder or disk mechanism.
• Depending on the method of opening, the devices are: with a key, coded and combined. Modern market also offers the latest biometric lock designs.

Unlike conventional key locks (cylinder or lever), the process of closing and opening which requires an individual key, coded padlocks and biometric locks do not require additional elements. Usually they do not have springs, a bolt, a cylinder, levers, or a key.

Mounted combination lock consists of several metal rings with grooves on inside; they have numbers or letters printed on them on the outside. Each lock is assigned a specific digital or alphabetic code. The bow with protruding elements moves out of the body only at the moment when all the rings are installed in one line, and the numbers and letters on the body opposite the special cursor must be folded vertically into the code required for this product (number or word).

Combined locking devices combine the mechanism of a conventional lock and code secrets, dialed by rotary or sliding buttons located on the body. As a result, it is possible to insert and turn the key only after typing the conditional cipher.

• Depending on the type of locking, a padlock can be automatic or non-automatic.

Rigel in automatic device the bent protrusion fits into the recess on the bow when the spring acts on it. When the bolt or key releases the shackle, it is pushed upward under the action of this spring. Some designs involve the shackle being pushed out by a spring located under the long end of the shackle. Such locking devices They simply snap into place when the bow is lowered, without a key.

• Depending on the number of turns of the locking key, a padlock is usually one-, two-, or half-turn.
• Based on the method of closing the shackle, a distinction is made between devices in which only one end of the shackle is locked, and those that clamp both ends.

Purpose of padlocks

As mentioned earlier, locking devices of this type are medium or large sizes hung on garages, sheds, fences, gratings, gates, technical and warehouses, as well as on the doors of such utility rooms, like closets, closets, attics.

Miniature padlocks are widely used for locking bicycles in parking lots, apartment mailboxes, suitcases, etc. The convenience lies in the fact that in these cases it is impossible to use either mortise or rim locks, since the necessary equipment for installation is missing profile design, and the mechanics of the locked parts are imprecise.

Compliance of padlocks with the purpose of the premises

Despite his long history, an ordinary padlock, the photo of which you see, has turned out to be in demand in our technically spoiled times. The most important thing is that such a universal device can be easily and minimum cost time to dismantle and reinstall in another place - this is captivating.

The only drawback of a simple barn lock is its low reliability, but modern designs hinged locking devices turn them into the most durable products in terms of material, as well as the most reliable protectors in design against possible break-ins.

Thus, the garage padlock now features a durable, reinforced body, and specially designed “curtains” prevent it from being drilled.

There are other types of reliable padlocks that can provide sufficient security for an unguarded object:

• High-strength cast iron or steel locks, the handles of which have been subjected to heat treatment. The only thing to consider is that severe frosts make cast iron brittle and destroy it, so the alloy of the pads must contain boron.
• You can also install moisture-resistant locks on external doors, in which the body and shackle are rubberized. Keyhole protected from rain and snow by special curtains.
• It would be good to install a padlock on the door with a closed, semi-closed or mushroom-shaped design. These are difficult to crack, and the arms are protected by the housing from being cut down. It will also be difficult to remove a lock with double locking of the arms. Although such products are somewhat more expensive, you should not skimp on safety.
• For the safety of particularly important objects (individual lockers in swimming pools, saunas, fitness clubs and others in public places) it is best to choose combination padlocks.

Combination padlocks

Combination locks are widely used. They are not too expensive, and are also convenient and easy to use, ensuring the safety of the facility. A combination padlock does not require keys, which are often lost, and is unlocked by entering a specific digital combination. This door-locking device does not have a conventional key hole, so it cannot be hacked by such traditional ways, like a master key, all kinds of screws or rolls.

Biometric padlocks

A biometric padlock is an expensive, progressive locking device that is easy to install and ensures the security of the property. Simply touch the built-in scanner with your finger and the lock will open. Modes are provided open doors, as well as the ability to program several fingerprints of “entry” people at once.

Features of padlocks

The main feature of any padlock is that the operating mechanism involves opening the door on which it is installed only from the outside. As a rule, on steel doors such a device is not installed.

In an emergency

How to open a padlock if you unexpectedly lost your keys? It turns out that there are ways to get out of such an unpleasant situation.

For example, a barn castle. Unfortunately, the bolt of such a simple locking device does not withstand a large load on the shackle, so it gives in to the pressure of a nail puller or other lever with a small shoulder, bends quite easily and breaks out of the lock body.

If you are dealing with a cylinder mechanism, then you can open an English lock with a simple master key, which can serve as any household item. Perforated locks are more difficult to open without a key, but they are poorly protected from breaking and tearing out the cylinder itself. It is possible to tear out the cylinder using special pullers or by screwing a self-tapping screw into it and several jerks with a nail puller. You can use a screwdriver to pry out the lock cylinder.

Disc locks, which are usually opened with semicircular keys, can be opened with a roll. By the way, after such a violent impact, the product will continue to open normally with its own key.

In most locking devices with a disk mechanism, the cylinders are secured to a single 3-mm pin, so they can be torn out and simply squeezed out if a screw or self-tapping screw is inserted into the hole. The keyhole of a device with open shackles is usually protected by a pressed-in washer, but these types of locks can be cut with wire cutters and the loops and shackles can be rolled up.

Existing hacking methods different types padlocks make virtually no noise and do not require any special skills; Anyone can handle them.

Today, the safety and reliability of a garage is a very important indicator. Achieve required level security can be achieved using strong Garage Doors, their high-quality installation and a lock that will close them. In this article we will tell you exactly what kind of mounted garage lock you should also select features that you need to pay attention to during selection.

Types of padlocks

Today, padlocks are the most popular and are most often used to protect your property and close any garage or other doors that are equipped with special fastenings exactly for this type of lock. Huge assortment of the most different castles makes an uninformed buyer get lost and increases the chance of choosing a low-quality or unsuitable lock.

To do right choice, you need to have an idea of ​​what the main types of locks are in order to somehow separate the huge assortment and highlight the ones that are most suitable for you. Today castles are classified into three groups:

• Barn.
• Locks with locking pin.
• Padlocks.

Barn view

They consist of a body, a bow and a sliding mechanism. Thanks to its shape, it can be installed on almost any garage door, and it will perform its functions perfectly.

Barn: classic look, the only difference is in size, it’s better to take steel version, they are the most durable and reliable.

With locking finger

A lock with a locking pin has a very similar design to a padlock, but instead of a lock that moves on a hinge, the design has a metal rod.

It can be completely detached from the structure when open, and when closed it is secured with the same valve as the hinged one. Due to its design, it is not suitable for all types of fastenings and for it it is necessary to prepare more suitable elements to close the garage door.

Semi-closed: instead of a bow, a straight pin is used, partially hidden in the body and closed with eyes, which makes this type reliable.

Oblique varieties

Mounted on a flat surface when the fastening system is fully extended outward and is capable of entering the cavity of the body of such a lock to the required distance. After this, the finger is inserted into the hole and securely fixed with one or two latches.

Closed: the locking part is completely hidden in the body of the product, which makes it particularly burglar-resistant.

We choose according to technical characteristics

To choose for yourself a quality and secure lock, you need to pay attention to its main characteristics so that it can last a long time, perform its main functions and fully meet all your requirements.

To make a quality choice, you need to pay attention to a number of the following nuances padlock:

• Dimensions and compatibility with installation location.
• The material from which all elements of the lock are made.
• The type of locking element used in the design.

Dimensions and compatibility

Very important parameter is precisely the size of the padlock. It should not be too bulky or conspicuous.

It is best to select it so that it is as proportional to the door as possible and fits perfectly into the recesses for it and does not stick out too much.

Overhead locks should have the most compact form, since they are installed on top of garage doors and are practically not hidden.

Varieties mounted models by structure: open, mushroom-shaped, semi-closed, closed. Most reliable look closed type.

In addition to the dimensions, make sure that the lock you choose is compatible with the hinges that function as the fastening system. Some locks may simply not reach the holes and be able to tightly close both hinges.

Material from which the mechanism is made

The material from which the padlock is made directly shows its main purpose. The material used in the lock will indicate whether it will close the garage or any other door from outside entry, or simply cover it from children or so that the gate is not constantly wide open.

Brass - do not corrode and are very attractive in appearance, but despite the high cost, such models are not durable enough.

Today, the most popular materials used to create locks are: aluminum, hardened steel, brass, cast iron metals and many others. An aluminum lock has the lowest strength and is least suitable for performing protective functions. The most durable are brass and hardened locks. They can withstand external pressure, shock and resist corrosion well.

We select according to the type of locking mechanisms

There are quite a few types of closures in padlocks, and they are practically no different from conventional mortise door locks.

The most common systems are:

Crossbar systems

Crossbar - it opens due to the length of the key, which moves along the slot and presses on special crossbars with teeth that are located on one or both of its sides. One of the main disadvantages of such a lock is the presence of a relatively large and long key.

Code locks

Coded - this type of lock has the only advantage over all its analogues; it is the complete or partial absence of a key. It is partial because the lock may have a hole for the key and the key itself, but it is only required if you have forgotten the code, but not all locks have this option. They usually have a fairly simple hacking system and are not very reliable, which is why they break easily.

Coded models are expensive, but at the same time you don’t have to carry the keys with you, you need to know the digital combination.

Level-type locking systems

Lever locks - consist of a certain number of plates, which are called levers. The key, moving along the slot, presses them in a certain sequence, after which the lock opens. It is physically almost impossible to break it, but picking up a key or master key is possible. But the selection becomes more complicated if the number of these levers is quite large.

With cylindrical mechanism

Cylindrical mechanisms are the most popular and widespread type today. They are quite reliable, the key is difficult to find, and it is almost impossible to break. And the opening key itself is very compact and convenient.

The key detail of any cylinder mechanism is the core. It is made in the shape of a cylinder - hence the name of the mechanism - cylinder.

Popular manufacturers and their choice

It is highly not recommended to buy and use locks made from pressed metal chips. They can only be used in decorative purposes or when protection is not a top priority. Due to the fact that the metal is pressed, it does not have high strength and breaks very easily and may begin to crumble over time. So choose only cast locks that have no welds and have a one-piece, non-separable design.

Also, to make the lock last much longer outdoors, choose it with a protective coating against moisture. So, corrosion will not destroy it, which is why its service life and reliability will be much higher.

The most popular and most quality manufacturers Today there are brands such as Avers, Aspect, Extra and, of course, the simplest and cheapest Chinese ones, which are also of fairly high quality.

How to open a lock without a key?

If you want to learn the technique of opening locks, then you are on the right track. After all, this is quite useful knowledge and, moreover, worthy of attention. They will also help you better understand the mechanism of locks, you will understand how they work. This may be needed in critical situations(when, for example, someone steals your key, or it is simply lost.) Because a lock is mechanical device, then we can say that such activities will be a break from computers, televisions and similar electrical things.

Garage lock picker

If you suddenly lost the keys to your padlock, then you should not despair at all, because it is not at all difficult to open it. To accomplish this act, you will need completely ordinary means at hand. So, you will need a small piece of a fairly strong antenna (approximately 10 - fifteen cm) with a bent end. It must be beaten with a heavy object, for example, a hammer, so that it becomes flat or flattened. Also, to open a padlock it is also useful big piece wire (approximately 5 - seven cm), it is better that it is even and not curved.

Next you need to take the closed one lock. Insert a piece of the antenna into the well so that it touches the diameter. Place your finger on the antenna so that it is under slight tension from the spring. The next step is to take a small piece of wire and insert it into the center of the spring. Imagine that you have a lost key in your hands and try to open it with short and quick movements. Happened? The lock remained undamaged, now you just need to find the key for it.

How to open door lock keyless.

Do people often, when they find themselves in front of closed door, can independently open the lock? In isolated cases. More often than not, they panic. They think that their apartment has been robbed, they want to call the police or do some similar things. And then it turns out that the key to the lock was in the wrong pocket or was left hanging on a hook at home. It is in such situations that knowledge of opening locks without keys comes in handy.

A door lock should be opened using the same principle as a padlock. However, it will not be so convenient because lock built into the door and, most likely, on landing quite dark. You will have to trust your hands. Also, the size of available devices should be reduced by about 2 times.

If such devices are not available, then women will have to sacrifice their hairpins and act on the same principle as in the situation described earlier. It will be more difficult for men. Instead of a small piece of wire, you can use an ordinary pen rod. Well, you should look for a large piece (you can ask your neighbors).

And, at the end of all of the above, we can add one simple piece of advice. If you know that this or a similar situation could happen to you, then simply make yourself several duplicate keys and hide them in different pockets of the jacket that you always wear or the bag that you always carry to work. Now you know how to open a lock without a key. And if you have trusting relationship with your neighbors, then give one copy of the keys to them for safekeeping.

The video tutorial will clearly show you how to open a lock without a key.

Abstracts

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By type of locking mechanism :

1. LEVEL In such a lock there are shaped plates (levers), with the help of a key they are arranged in a certain order, which allows you to open and close the door.Locks with a lever type mechanism are now quite rare. There is nothing super outstanding about such castles. From a production point of view, this is one of the simplest padlocks available. Easily opened with a similar key.

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2. CYLINDER the key for a lock with this type of mechanism has notches that move the pins to the required position and turn the cylinder, which leads to the unlocking and opening of the lock. The cylinder type of mechanism is most often present in padlocks economy class. Such padlocks have low resistance to opening the lock. They are easy to open with improvised tools, a paper clip, wire, etc.

3. DISC A lock with this type of mechanism is locked by a set of round discs, which have a bizarre shape and are located in the body at special angles. In order to open such a lock, you need a key, the projections and grooves of which must correspond to the recess of each individual disk. In this case, when you turn the key, the discs will take the required position and lock will open. Widely used in Everyday life and have different resistance to opening.

4. SCREW The main element of the mechanism is a special bolt. The bolt has an unusual head and cannot be unscrewed with a regular socket wrench. To open the lock, you will need a special key that is made to fit the bolt head. The bolt head is the secret of a screw lock, so during manufacturing they try to hide the bolt head as much as possible from intruders, protecting the lock from breaking. The mechanism of operation of such a lock is simple: the bolt tightens and pulls the door to the gate. Thus, by unscrewing the bolt we open the door, and by tightening it we close it.

5. CODE This is the most expensive mechanism. In order to open the door, you need to know the digital combination of the lock. If the code was set correctly, the bolts will move and the lock will unlock.

By structure/type of hanging

1. OPEN a common model, consists of a lock body with a built-in lock locking mechanism and a curved semicircular bow. The shackle can be removed either completely or from one side of the lock; it is completely open and not protected by anything. Therefore such padlocks most susceptible to burglary using a lever tool

2. MUSHROOM Instead of a regular shackle, such locks have a metal pin with a thickening at the end that resembles a mushroom cap. The bow protrudes slightly above the body or is practically hidden in it; it becomes difficult to file it down.

3. SEMI-CLOSED Instead of a bow, a metal pin (pin) made of hardened steel is used. It is partially hidden in the lock body, closed with lugs, and the locking edge fits into the body. This is enough reliable type castle

4. CLOSED is the most reliable type padlocks. The locking cylinder is completely hidden in the lock body. In a certain position, even the lugs are covered by the lock body. This makes it particularly burglar-resistant.

In terms of burglary resistance

Burglar resistance class - The ability of a lock to resist picking and breaking is determined by the amount of time it takes to open it. In Russia, the class of a lock is indicated by a number, in Europe – by a letter

According to the material of manufacture

1. ALUMINUM the lightest among locks. They don't rust. But they are not strong enough, due to the softness of the metal.

2.STEEL the most durable and reliable locks, resistant to burglary, but not cheap.

3. CAST IRON durable, affordable and corrosion-resistant products. The disadvantages include that when temperatures change, in the cold, cast iron becomes brittle, and when using impurities it can be subject to corrosion.

4.BRASS Such locks have a very attractive appearance and are resistant to corrosion, but it is worth noting that such models are not strong enough and are expensive.

By purpose:

1.DECORATIVE otherwise souvenir locks. Have a frivolous appearance, are widely represented on the market. An example would be heart-shaped locks, which are popular among lovers; by securing them to bridges, newlyweds secure the inviolability of their feelings.

2. ACCESS LIMITERSuch locks are designed to restrict access to any premises (utility, utility). Such a lock does not so much protect as it protects, warning that access is denied. These are inexpensive locks made from soft materials.

3. GUARD LOCK such padlocks often used to protect important premises. Both the body and the bow in such models are made of durable materials. The shackle can be additionally hardened to minimize the possibility of sawing. Such locks are heavy and expensive.

4. FOR THE PROTECTION OF RESPONSIBLE OBJECTSare used to protect particularly important objects. Reinforced closed-type models are used. The lock body covers the shackle and the lugs, making it extremely difficult to break into.

5.MOISTURE-RESISTANTused outdoors, the body and shackle have rubberized protection, the key hole is covered with a special curtain that prevents the ingress of dirt and moisture.

To size:

1.SMALL have small sizes, used on suitcases, mailboxes and other small-sized products.

2.MEDIUM are used almost everywhere. General purpose models.

3.LARGE Large and heavy barn locks are often used to lock the gates of warehouses and other utility buildings.