The location of the stove in the house has its own characteristics and often depends on the interior of the room that needs to be heated. The stove is placed in the house in such a way that the heat from its walls is evenly distributed throughout the house and in all rooms. When placing the stove in a house, it is necessary to take into account its number of floors, architecture, material and dimensions of the enclosing structures, since all this matters. Technology of laying stoves and technology stove heating in turn influence significantly the layout and use building structures building. Well-built and beautiful stoves, as a rule, serve not only as a source of heating for the house, but also as an interior decoration item.
The main type of residential building in rural areas is manor house usually equipped with heating stoves. The following types of houses are distinguished:
◊ One-story buildings with premises located on one or two levels;
◊ Two-story with premises located on two levels, with an attic and also with incomplete construction of the second floor.
As a rule, they start laying the stove only when the developer has already decided on its location in the house. In order not to carry fuel through the whole house or the whole room, it is more advisable to place the heating stove in the corner of the room, closer to the capital internal walls, and as close as possible to front door.The stove should be positioned in such a way that all its surfaces can radiate heat into the room and at the same time it is possible to conveniently inspect it systematically (wipe off dust, remove soot, repair, etc.) and service (heat).
We must try to make the house as comfortable as possible fewer ovens and chimneys, especially in those houses where there are no main walls and there is no possibility to install chimneys. In houses where there is no space or possibility of placing heating stoves, the stoves are located in those places where it is most appropriate to place the chimney. As a rule, it is more expedient to place chimneys near internal main walls. The stove in the house should be positioned in such a way that all its surfaces heat a maximum of rooms, while occupying a minimum usable area.
When determining the location of the stove in the house, it should also be taken into account that the heat transfer of their surfaces facing each room corresponded to their heat losses in cold period. It is not recommended to install a stove for heating one room close to the walls. Because in this case, not all sides of the stove will give off heat to the room (only one side or two), the remaining sides will heat the wall and heat will be wasted uselessly, which will cause increased consumption fuel.
Picture 1. Options for placing stoves indoors
Most convenient and practical open circuit placement of the stove in the house, in which all its sides give off heat to the room (see Figure 1, a and b). Between the side walls of the stove and the wall of the house there remains an air gap - a recess, the width of which is approximately from 0.14 to 2.0 m. Reducing this width will negatively affect the heat transfer of the wall located in the recess. At the same time, increasing this width is not permissible, because the length of the transfer hoses for connecting the stove is chimney should not exceed 2 meters.
In order to heat two adjacent rooms of the house, it is very convenient to place the stove in the internal partition (see Figure 1, c). It is also convenient to place a rectangular stove in the internal partitions of the building (see Figure 1, d). In this case, the stove will heat three rooms of the house at once. The main advantage of such a placement of stoves will be the ease of laying the chimney, which will rest on one of the internal partitions.
It should be taken into account that the thickness of the partition on which it will rest must be at least 0.25 m thick, that is, one brick. A four-room house or apartment can also be heated by installing one heating stove(see figure-1, d). For heating two small rooms or verandas of country houses, you can place the stove as shown in Figure 1, e.
With this arrangement household oven, its front wall on which the blower and furnace doors are installed, opens into a corridor or veranda. The back part of the heating stove, as well as the side walls, are located between the internal partitions.
This arrangement of a household stove is the most appropriate, since it allows you to save as much usable space as possible, and the products of fuel combustion (smoke, ash) do not pollute living rooms. Figure 1, g shows a diagram of the combined arrangement of the stove and fireplace, where one common chimney is provided for the removal of combustion products. In this way, two heating stoves can be located.
If the situation allows, then the stove should be located, if possible, in the back of the room, closer to the doors for more convenient maintenance and combustion, as well as in order to free up some of the usable area. As a rule, the stove is installed as close as possible to the existing chimney, so that it can be fired from a corridor or other non-residential premises.
Selecting the size of the stove is the main task when designing and creating indoors optimal microclimate, the main parameter of which is temperature interior spaces. When choosing a heating stove, it is necessary to give preference to stoves that can evenly heat the air in the house throughout the cold period of the year. Also, those furnaces that are able to ensure maximum fire safety can be repaired and operated without problems and do not pollute the atmospheric air.
When choosing the type of oven, you should adhere to following rules: the average hourly heat output of the stove should be equal to the heat loss of the heated premises. When selecting batch furnaces important criterion is the amplitude of fluctuations in air temperature in the house (should be no more than ± 3° during the day). When calculating heating, you should take into account the heat loss of all types of house structures, such as window and door openings, heat loss from walls and ceilings, the height of the heated room, the estimated outside air temperature and others.
Furnace calculation
The simplest methods for calculating a stove come down to determining their required dimensions to heat the house. Next, we will consider several simple options for determining the required sizes of stoves for heating living rooms.
Option 1.
According to the schedule (see Figure 2, a), it is necessary to approximately calculate the required area of the stove mirror (heated surface). For example, for an area with an estimated winter outside air temperature of -25 ° C to -35 ° C, it is necessary to select a stove for simultaneous heating one-story house consisting of a common room and two bedrooms.If common room corner and has an area of 18 m², then the oven mirror should be within 4.5 m², and for corner bedroom with an area of 12 m², the oven mirror should be within 2.5 m². Accordingly, for an ordinary bedroom with an area of 10 m², mirrors are 1.4 m².
Figure-2. Schedule for selecting and calculating furnace sizes
In this case total area the oven mirror will be 8.4 m² (4.5 +2.5 + 1.4), and the perimeter of the oven will be 4.2 m with a conventional oven height of up to 2 m. Considering that part of the oven will be embedded on both sides into the middle the wall is 10 cm thick, the total perimeter of the stove will need to be increased to 4.8 m. This is a large stove with dimensions of 64 x 181; 77 x 168; or 90 x 155 cm. The heat output of such a stove will be about 6978 W (6000 kcal/h).
Option-2.
Furnaces are selected according to the volume of the building, which can be determined by the outer perimeter and then multiplied by 21 - the amount of heat in kilocalories required to heat 1 m² of a building to a temperature of 18° at an outside air temperature of -30 ° C. Using these data, you can find the required heat output of the furnace . For a house with dimensions 6.6 x 7.4 and a height of 3 m (the house has brick walls 54 cm thick, hallway, two living rooms and a kitchen), the stove is calculated as follows: (see Figure 2, b)
The heat output of the furnace is -73.26 x 21 = 1789 W or (1538 kcal/h), 1 m² of the furnace mirror emits an average of 349 W (300 kcal/h). The heating area of the furnace (mirror area) will be 1789 91538): 349 (300) = 5.1 m². To determine the size of the oven, the mirror area must be divided by the active height of the oven, that is, the height that is heated (2.2 m). Furnace perimeter -5.1: 2.2 = 2.3 m (2.5 m). We divide this value by two and get the length of the two sides of the stove: 2.5: 2 = 1.25 m. If the width of the stove is 0.51 cm, and its length in this case should be at least 0.64 m. In this way you can choose the size of the stove for any room.
In addition to the stove, the kitchen has a stove that can produce 697-10467 W (600 -900 kcal/h) with two fireboxes per day. You can add a heating panel to it, powered by a stove, which is capable of generating up to 1369 W or about 1200 kcal/h of heat.
Table 1. Specific heat losses of the main cooling surfaces in residential buildings.
To enlarge a picture, double-click on it.
From Table 1 it can be seen that the heat loss of the walls at different temperatures outside air are not the same, therefore, when calculating (over 31 ° C), three units are added for every two degrees.
Option-4
Determination of heat losses and selection of a stove for a one-story log house made of 25 cm thick logs with one-sided plaster, wooden partitions, plastered on both sides, floor insulated above the basement, window with double glazing. Corner room with an area of 9 m², window-1 = 1.7 m, specific heat loss per 1 m² of surface, according to table-1: for the wall -60 W (52 kcal/h), window -116 W (100 kcal/h), attic floor(ceiling) -30 W (26 kcal/h), insulated floor -22 W (kcal/h) per 1 m².
The total heat loss of the room, W (kcal/h), will be:
◊ External walls -16.3 x 60 (52) =978 (848).
◊ Floor -9 x 22 (19) =198 (171).
◊ Ceiling 9 x 30 (26) = 270 (234).
◊ 1.7 x 116 (100) = 197 (170).
> Total -1643 (1423).
For such a heat consumption, you need a heating stove with a heat output of 1744 W (1500 kcal/h) or a somewhat larger one, for example, a rectangular plastered one measuring 510 x 770 mm with a heat output with two fireboxes per day of 2046 W (1760 kcal/h).
The location of the stove in the house is determined, first of all, by the intended location of the chimney. It is advisable to place it near internal main walls, where smoke ducts are usually installed. In addition, you must try to position it so that its heat is used as efficiently as possible and its care is most convenient.
How to choose the location of the furnace for maximum heat transfer?
The location of the stove in the house should be chosen so that, if possible, its entire outer surface is heated greatest number premises, while occupying a minimum of usable space. To do this, it can be placed near one of the walls, in a corner or in a partition between adjacent rooms.
To heat a room, it is not recommended to install it close to the walls, since the side walls adjacent to the walls of the building will practically not participate in heat transfer and some of the heat will escape. An air gap of 0.15-2.0 m (setback) must be left between the side walls of the stove and the wall, which will allow air to circulate there. Thus, this surface will participate in heating the room.
Location in partitions for heating adjacent rooms
To heat two adjacent rooms, it is most convenient to place the stove in the partition between them. The main advantage of this placement is the ease of erection of the chimney, which rests on internal partition. In this case, the thickness of the partition should not be less than 250 mm.
Possible options for placing heating devices in the premises of the house are shown in Fig.1 (a, b, c, d, e, g, h).
Fig.1 Options for placing the stove in the premises: a – with indentation; b – angular; c – in the opening of two adjacent rooms; d – three adjacent rooms; d – four adjacent rooms;
e - c adjoining rooms with fireplace; 1 – oven; 2 – wall or partition; 3 – fireplace.
Combined option
The combined option of installing a heating stove and fireplace in one or adjacent rooms of the house is often used. With this placement, flue gases are diverted into a common chimney. In this case, the chimney must be positioned so that it is straight in relation to the fireplace, without horizontal sections, to prevent it from smoking. Its cross-section should be increased, taking into account the total power of heating devices, and its height should be at least 5 m from the level of the fireplace hearth.
Location in relation to the entrance to the room
For more convenient maintenance and heating of the stove, it is advisable to install it closer to the door. This makes it easier to bring in fuel, remove combustion products (ash, ash, slag), less waste is generated, and as a result of this work it is easier to remove. It is also possible to have the furnace fired from a corridor or other non-residential premises. In this case, all debris that can be carried along with the fuel and formed during its loading and combustion remains in these rooms and does not enter the living room. In addition, the possibility of smoke in the room is eliminated, especially with poor draft.
The bathhouse has always been for Russians, where a person relaxes, as they say, “cleanses the spirit and body”, receives a charge of vigor and health for the whole future working week. But in order for a bathhouse to live up to the expectations placed on it, it needs a good one. It doesn't matter if it's this one heating unit purchased in finished form or built with your own hands - the main thing is that it is able to create the necessary specific atmosphere in the premises and is as safe as possible in operation.
There are two the main methods of installing this heating device:
Placing the entire structure in the steam room.
Each of the proposed options has its positive and negative sides, but it is advisable to decide on the choice of installation method at the stage of building the bathhouse. If you plan to move the furnace firebox to an adjacent room, then when constructing a dividing wall between the steam room and the dressing room, an opening is immediately installed in it. However, if it is decided to carry out reconstruction already finished bath, then it is quite acceptable to cut into the wall required window for removing the furnace door of the furnace to the dressing room.
Before choosing a location for the stove, decide what type of stove you want to build. Sometimes stoves are installed to install a water heating boiler in them. However, keep in mind that during frosts you need to drain all the water from the heating system or live in the house permanently. Conventional heating stoves are more convenient: you can heat them at any time, and you can also leave the house without fear. If you are going to connect a new oven to another separately standing stove or a gas duct, and it already has a stove pipe closing device, then in new oven You don’t have to install it, but if you install it, there will be no harm.
In almost all furnaces, the gas outlet from the firebox (hilo) is laid out at back wall or closer to it. This is done to remove gases from the combustion door so that the stove does not smoke, and to bring the hottest gases closer. coming from the tonka to the living space, since the wall with the furnace door is almost always located in the kitchen, in the corridor and similar places. To heat insulated terraces and verandas, it is good to fold the stove so that its firebox and stove face towards them. Then the terrace and veranda will serve as a kitchen and dining room. And the rooms will be clean without kitchen smells air.
Usually the stove is installed so that the front wall of the stove with the stove and firebox opens into the kitchen. Between the oven and kitchen furniture Enough space should be left for passage. How far from the middle of the house it will stand depends on the size of the stove and the house. The remaining three walls of the stove should open into the living space. Previously, to allow steam to escape from cooking food standing on the stove, an iron hood was made, which turned into a pipe, which went into a separate ventilation duct laid out in the chimney. But such a visor went out of fashion, as it interfered with working near the stove. The best option— steam removal through a separate ventilation duct, like in a city apartment, or through a window.
Before choosing a place to lay the stove, you need to think about fire safety, that is, calculate where the hottest wall of the stove will be. It is, of course, where the first gas flues pass. Besides, Special attention need to be addressed to the ceiling mats (beams). The stove pipe should pass near them, taking into account the cutting (the space between the pipe and the ceiling), since it is undesirable to cut out the mats. And in the attic, you need to check that the pipe goes between the roof rafters. You definitely need to know what the surface of the stove should be in order to heat a room or house. The room should not be cold or hot. In a room of 10 m², the surface of the stove should be 1.5 m² (in corner room- 2.5 m²). Almost every family knows what kind of stove it wants to have and in what place it should be, although sometimes the stove cannot be placed in the chosen place.
After choosing a location for the stove, mark the future stove on the floor parallel to the walls and partitions, using a tape measure or bricks to measure (lay out the first row of the stove dry on the floor). To prevent the stove from turning out to be a diamond, its markings are checked using a square or a cord diagonally.
It’s best to check diagonally with two people using a cord or a long rod. A cord or strip is applied to the corners of the marking and, without letting go of your hands, transfer them to the next two corners. If the dimensions match, it means that the oven is marked correctly, and if not, then using the rule you need to gradually move the bricks in the right direction until the dimensions completely match diagonally in the two lines, then it will be an accurate layout (marking).
Knowing where the pipe will be near the stove, they lower a plumb line from the ceiling above this place and see if the pipe with a groove in the ceiling will pass past the ceiling beams. If a beam interferes with cutting, but there is room, then the oven is moved so that the pipe with cutting does not rest against the ceiling beams. By the way, the pipe on the stove can be placed in another durable place. In this case, the gas duct on top of the furnace must be run horizontally in relation to another place. Only after making sure that the pipe will pass through ceiling and between the rafters in the roof, they begin to cut out the floor or begin to lay the foundation of the furnace.
If it still interferes ceiling beam 1, and this most often happens in country houses, then it is cut out or cut down or fixed into a crossbar 2. This usually happens if the beams are made of edged boards, mounted on edge and located close to each other. Before cutting the beam, check how the ceiling cutting 3 will go between the beams. There should be a protective fireproof layer of asbestos or felt around it 4. Having made sure that the cutting is correct in size, they begin to work on the beams. In all types of ovens, cutting is performed in the same way. If you cut the crossbar into the beam, it will weaken due to damage. Therefore, it is more reliable to secure it using clamps 5 made of strip iron. The clamps are secured from above with nails, first to the beams and then to the crossbars.
If the pipe is placed near the wall, then there will be only one bolt. The crossbar is inserted into clamp 6, which is made in accordance with the thickness of the beam. To prevent the clamp from protruding above the bottom of the beam or crossbar and subsequently interfering with the finishing of the ceiling, it is cut in from below, adjusting it flush with the beam and crossbar, having previously made a cut with a saw to the width and thickness of the iron strip. Using a chisel, cut out the gap between the cuts. When sawing out a beam, it happens that the groove on one side is close to the beam at point 7, and on the other, a space is formed between the groove and the beam (it can happen around two beams at the same time). In this case, this space is filled with block 8, nailing it to the beam, or boards are filled. You can nail a sized batten to the bottom of the beam, and fill the space above it with attic backfill.
The operation of the stove depends not only on the quality of the fuel, but also on the internal and external air flows circulating near and inside the stove. As soon as the pipe is opened, the fuel is ignited, the air begins to move, with cold air moving towards the stove, and warm air moving away from it. Since ancient times, stoves were placed closer to the front door and they did it right. Please note: as soon as you open the front door in winter, cold air immediately bursts into the room as a white ball, which, after traveling a distance of about 1 m, disappears. This is because there is more warm air. Mixing with the street air, it quickly warms it up, and it moves deeper into the room already warmed up. If you place the stove far from the door, then a white ball of cold air will pass over the floor to the opposite wall.
In addition, it is not recommended to place the stove close to the partitions of rooms and the outer wall of the house, since the wall of the stove, standing close to them, will not transfer heat to the room. Usually the wall of the stoves is placed flush with the partition of the rooms. In this embodiment, the furnace wall serves as a heating shield and as part of a partition. For better heating room, the oven is located near outer wall as close to the front door as possible. If you place it indoors near the internal partition of the main wall, then there will be more heat, but cold air will flow along your feet, since the air moves from the walls, doors and windows to the stove. This must also be taken into account when laying the furnace. If in big house There is only one stove and it is located near the outer wall of the house, then for better heating of the rooms, the partitions between the rooms should be made at least 35 cm below the ceiling.
Practice shows that the space between the wall of the house and the stove should be at least 25 cm. Even with this distance, during operation of the stove the wall becomes so hot that you can get burned. Therefore, it is better to place the firebox and the first hot flue as far as possible from the walls. In the vertical space (space) between the stove and the walls of the house, you need to leave two ventilation windows with boxes and mesh to allow warm air to escape from the space.
Gas and water-heated stoves must be installed so that the firebox is opposite the window. It happens that these furnaces explode, and then a broken window will reduce the force of the destructive wave, and the building will remain intact.
Masonry gas ovens conducted with the permission of the gas organization at the place of residence. Under water heating The stove itself is not necessary; any firebox can be used, and a boiler can be built into it. I have not had to place stoves in greenhouses, but I know: the lower the stove, that is, closer to the ground, the better. The heat rises to the top of the greenhouses, but it goes down with difficulty. When choosing the type of furnace, you must remember that all calculations depend on the size of the furnace appliances. And only a specialist stove maker who understands this can change the laying of the stove, taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of the stoves and the wishes of the customer.
Correct location of the stove in the house The location of the stove in the house is determined, first of all, by the intended location of the chimney. It is advisable to place it near the internal main walls, where smoke ducts are usually installed. In addition, you must try to position it so that its heat is used as efficiently as possible and its care is most convenient. How to choose the location of the furnace for maximum heat transfer? The location of the stove in the house should be chosen so that, if possible, its entire outer surface heats the largest number of rooms, while occupying a minimum of usable space. To do this, it can be placed near one of the walls, in a corner or in a partition between adjacent rooms. To heat a room, it is not recommended to install it close to the walls, since the side walls adjacent to the walls of the building will practically not participate in heat transfer and some of the heat will escape. An air gap of 0.15-2.0 m (setback) must be left between the side walls of the stove and the wall, which will allow air to circulate there. Thus, this surface will participate in heating the room. Location in partitions for heating adjacent rooms For heating two adjacent rooms, it is most convenient to place the stove in the partition between them. The main advantage of this placement is the ease of erection of the chimney, which rests on the internal partition. In this case, the thickness of the partition should not be less than 250 mm. Possible options for placing heating devices in the premises of the house are shown in Fig. 1 (a, b, c, d, e, g, h). Location of the stove in the house Fig. 1 Options for placing the stove in the premises: a – with an indentation; b – angular; c – in the opening of two adjacent rooms; d – three adjacent rooms; d – four adjacent rooms; e - in adjacent rooms with a fireplace; 1 – oven; 2 – wall or partition; 3 – fireplace. Combined option The combined option of installing a heating stove and fireplace in one or adjacent rooms of the house is often used. With this placement, flue gases are diverted into a common chimney. In this case, the chimney must be positioned so that it is straight in relation to the fireplace, without horizontal sections, to prevent it from smoking. Its cross-section should be increased, taking into account the total power of heating devices, and its height should be at least 5 m from the level of the fireplace hearth. Location relative to the entrance to the room For more convenient maintenance and heating of the stove, it is advisable to install it closer to the door. This makes it easier to bring in fuel, remove combustion products (ash, ash, slag), less waste is generated, and as a result of this work it is easier to remove. It is also possible to have the furnace fired from a corridor or other non-residential premises. In this case, all debris that may be carried along with the fuel and formed during its loading and combustion remains in these rooms and does not enter the living room. In addition, the possibility of smoke in the room is eliminated, especially with poor draft.
