Installation technological equipment- this is an auxiliary work, without which no production or commercial enterprise can do. Installation is a set of activities for the collection of equipment in order to put it into operational readiness. The dismantling of equipment is resorted to in case of decommissioning obsolete equipment or when it becomes necessary to move the equipment to a new location, for example, when redevelopment of the premises or relocation of production. When providing installation / dismantling services, it is necessary to follow the instructions of the equipment manufacturer, take into account the requirements and wishes of the customer, and also observe the safety precautions for installation work. An example of a company that performs high-quality installation and installation is the company "100 TONN INSTALLATION".

During the installation of technological equipment, it is necessary to solve various problems of installing equipment in a functioning production environment. Often, the installation is complicated by the insufficient height of the room or the presence of already installed technological equipment, which limits and constrains the area of ​​installation work.

Installation of technological equipment is carried out using lifting equipment and special tools:

jacks,

Turntables, which are used to move equipment along a given path, portal systems

portal systems,

shift systems,

Carts.

So, installation work may include the following steps. First, a survey of the premises is carried out in order to determine the most optimal solution on the placement of the mounted equipment. If required, openings are expanded to move equipment. The customer must prepare the premises. Preparation includes carrying out the necessary communications: sewerage, ventilation, electricity, plumbing. When the premises are ready for installation, the design and manufacture of foundations, as well as their marking, is carried out. After the implementation of the above work, proceed to the implementation of the installation, which may include a large-assembly separate parts equipment, complete assembly of the whole unit, as well as electrical installation. Depending on the type and purpose of the equipment, it is connected to working networks. After the installation of the equipment, commissioning works follow, and if the customer wishes, a run-in process can be carried out on the product, which will provide a more precise setting of operational characteristics.

If the equipment is of high value and installation is difficult according to the results of the assessment, there is a need to insure the equipment against the risks of installation.

An example of the optimal solution to all the tasks set for the installation of large-sized, expensive equipment is the installation of an isostatic press for NPO Saturn. Preliminary calculations, planning and preparation of production ensured the implementation quality installation within the stated time frame.

The main task dismantling works is the removal of worn-out technological equipment and the creation necessary conditions to install a new one. The dismantling of technological equipment is a labor-intensive process that includes preparatory work and the main stage of implementation.

The preparatory phase may include the following activities:

Inspection of the premises in order to develop a technology for dismantling,

Disconnecting equipment from working networks,

opening preparation,

Installation of equipment for dismantling (scaffolding, scaffolding, etc.),

Installation of lifting equipment (cranes, jacks, etc.).

The main step may include:

Partial dismantling - separation of structural elements from each other, their inspection and sorting;

Complete dismantling of equipment;

Loading and transportation of elements of dismantled equipment to landfill, disposal or reuse;

Currently, we often hear that there is a dismantling of building structures. What does this mean, and what is the specificity of this process? Let's figure it out.

Dismantling is dismantling into components of any structures, individual parts of machines, pavement, railroad tracks and much more. This is the removal of objects and structures from installation sites for further replacement, processing, restoration or disposal.

Demolition is one of the most common reconstruction methods in construction. Buildings that are out of service are often demolished.

Why do builders not break the building, but dismantle it? It is not always necessary to turn a structure into scrap. Dismantling is also a way to get a lot of building material, which can be reused for construction or houses.

Roof dismantling

This is a responsible job and should only be done by properly trained roofers. Here you can not do without auxiliary equipment: safety belts, carabiners, a strong rope, shoes with thick soles. Strict adherence to safety regulations is especially important. Dismantling of wooden and metal structures at height should only be carried out by qualified riggers and carpenters.

Remove from the roof first top skin, after which they begin to dismantle the crate, which must be disconnected from the walls. This is a complex and rather painstaking process that requires certain skills and dexterity. The next stage of work will be the dismantling of the internal flooring, formwork. After cleaning from the remnants of construction debris, you can proceed with the installation of a new roof.

Dismantling of capital structures

Demolition of houses is a large-scale work that requires integrated approach. Dismantling of buildings is a painstaking, lengthy, multi-stage activity that includes the dismantling of all constituent structures. Structures begin to be dismantled from the roof, gradually following to the foundation.

If it is required to make a reconstruction, it is necessary to substitute supports during disassembly and be sure to leave a part of it so that the ceiling can receive the load and transfer it to the foundation. Basically dismantling. bearing walls they do not, they manage only openings for doors and windows. All the rest are also carried out in stages by specialists in different areas.

Nowadays, the complete dismantling of structures is carried out with the help of special equipment. This method is economical and safe. High-rise buildings are well destroyed by a caterpillar excavator, while hydraulic shears, hydraulic hammers and many other specialized equipment are used. Special equipment, which is operated on the dismantling of buildings, must have all permits work, and the work itself must be carried out under the supervision of responsible persons.

Demolition is a state-regulated activity. The organization that performs is required to have a license for the right to perform dismantling work, issued by the authorized bodies.

2.4. Installation and dismantling of equipment the main stages of installation work

Installation work- this is a complex of works related to the final assembly of machines, their installation in the design position, connection to production lines, adjustment and commissioning. Installation of equipment for drilling wells and oil and gas production is carried out in the following cases: before the commissioning of new equipment supplied to the territorial production enterprise (TPP) in separate parts; after dismantling the equipment in order to move it to a new location on the territory of the Chamber of Commerce or outside it; after dismantling in the process of overhaul.

In general, installation work can be divided into the following main stages: preparatory, actual installation and final commissioning of equipment. The distribution of volume and, consequently, time between these stages of work is different depending on the design features of the machines, the type of their delivery (large blocks or small units) and the installation conditions, in particular climatic conditions, the availability of experience in the installation of such machines. Installation work can be performed by a special installation organization under an agreement with the enterprise owner of the equipment or the installation department of the enterprise owner of the equipment.

Preparatory work includes placing an order and contractual documentation between the customer and the contractor, preparing technical documentation, reloading and transport operations with equipment entering the organization, organizing an installation site and preparing installation equipment (rigging, lifting, welding, etc.).

Technical documentation at the preparatory stage of installation includes regulatory, design estimates, design, installation and as-built documentation.

Regulatory documentation includes price tags for installation, collections of Uniform Regional Unit Prices (EREP) and departmental prices, wholesale price lists, state and industry standards, specifications for the manufacture, supply and installation of equipment, building codes and regulations. Regulatory documentation is developed centrally for all enterprises or enterprises in the industry.

Based on the regulatory documentation, design estimates for the construction of the facility, including installation work, are developed. The cost estimate is agreed with the customer and approved. Design documentation is compiled by the manufacturer of the installed equipment. First of all, these are machine passports, assembly and installation drawings, technical specifications for manufacturing and supply, slinging schemes, instructions for installation, testing and running-in of equipment.

Installation documentation - a construction organization project (POS), including the sections "Inter-installation work (installation of equipment)", "Electrical installation work" and a project for the production of works (PPR). The PIC is developed at the stage of the detailed design by the head design institute, sometimes with the involvement of a specialized installation organization. In the installation sections, the POS contains the scope of work in monetary and physical terms, the stages of equipment installation, installation concepts, the need for lifting and rigging equipment, terms of delivery of equipment, measures to link construction and installation work.

Design estimates, design documentation and POS are transferred to a specialized installation organization, which, on the basis of these materials, develops the main document for the actual installation work - a project for the production of works.

The project for the production of works is the main technical document for direct installation work. It is developed by the installation organization after receiving from the customer design and design estimates, as well as a construction organization project in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents. The project should consist of three main parts: explanatory note, graphic part and application.

The explanatory note contains: technical characteristics of the object to be mounted; a brief analysis of the features of its installation and delivery method (small assembly units or enlarged units); justification of the method and method of installation and the main technical and economic indicators, in particular, the volume, cost and labor intensity of the work; the need for energy resources and statements for materials, tools, rigging and mechanisms; requirements for the installation site and the main provisions for its organization, taking into account the peculiarities of installation and storage during the installation of incoming equipment; a list of works performed by subcontracting enterprises, requirements for these enterprises and the customer (general contractor).

The explanatory note develops the tasks of linking installation work with others, including general construction work, and determines the procedure for supplying equipment for installation and process equipment. The issues of labor organization, specialization of installers and the conditions for the introduction of a team contract, the main provisions of safety and fire safety are considered in sufficient detail.

The graphic part of the project includes: a construction plan of the entire complex at the stage of equipment installation, a diagram of the installation site and its power supply, a geodetic justification of installation with diagrams of tasks for performing construction work, for example, laying installation tracks, arranging foundations, anchors with an exact indication of their location on the installation site, height marks, values ​​and directions of action of loads, as well as other data necessary for the performance of work, including design drawings. The main section in the graphical part of the machine installation project is usually technological maps.

Technological maps of installation are developed on the basis of drawings and instructions of the manufacturer, taking into account the best practices in the production of installation work. Deviations from the installation technology recommended by the manufacturer are allowed, subject to sufficient technical and economic justification.

The technological map contains the name, general view diagram and characteristics of the mounted machine, including a list of mounting elements, i.e. units and parts of the structure, in the form of which the machine enters the installation site. The list of mounting elements in tabular form contains the names of the elements, their number, unit weight and total weight, overall dimensions. In the column "Notes" are noted special requirements when slinging and docking with other elements, the presence special devices for slings (eyes, tides) or the need to install them. The specified statement is used, in particular, to determine the number of installation operations and their sequence, as well as to draw up statements for installation equipment, fixtures and materials.

The list of hoisting and technological equipment includes all types of hoisting, transport and technological equipment that is necessary to perform installation work, for example, cranes, forklifts, compressors, welders, forges and other equipment, including sets of tools and devices for quality control of installation. The statement indicates the name of the installation equipment, the number of units, brand, parameters and duration of use: for the entire installation period or one-time. Separately, in approximately the same form, a list is drawn up for fixtures and materials: rigging fixtures, materials for making scaffold calculations, lubricants and other materials.

The technological map details the operational sequence of installation work. For each operation, its labor intensity, specialty, qualifications and the number of workers employed in this operation, the necessary equipment, tools and materials are indicated.

The technology for performing operations is illustrated by diagrams of slinging of mounting elements, their joining and control of relative position. The diagrams show the allowable values ​​of height difference, non-parallelism and other allowable deviations from the design position of the installed elements. The calendar sequence and deadlines for performing operations are set during the installation planning process and are presented in the technological map in the form of linear or network graphs.

As part of the technological map, the main provisions of safety precautions during the production of work are also developed, the content and procedure for preparing the mounted object for launch and transfer to the customer are determined. For the installation of common equipment for well drilling and oil and gas production, standard technological maps are developed, which greatly facilitates the development of the installation project as a whole.

An estimate for additional work not included in the price lists, calculations and working drawings of temporary structures and installation devices are included in the annex to the project. Depending on the complexity of the object, the project for the production of works is developed for the entire object as a whole or for its individual parts, the installation of which can be performed independently.

As-built documentation is drawn up based on the results of installation work, including changes made during their implementation: schemes of foundations for equipment, test reports for individual systems and the production line as a whole, acceptance certificates.

Installation of equipment is usually associated with preliminary construction work; production of foundations for stationary installations and other structures. This work is a critical part of the preparatory phase, since the quality of construction work has a significant impact on safe conditions labor, the quality of installation and the operation of the machine during operation.

Construction preparatory work is carried out by a specialized enterprise on the basis of schemes of geodetic justification of installation, which are developed by a design or installation organization as part of a project for the production of works. The diagrams indicate, in particular, the dimensions of foundations and foundations, the geometric axes of technological lines, and the elevations of individual elements. Axes and elevations are fixed by a construction company.

The delivery (acceptance) of the building part for installation is carried out in accordance with the normative and technical documentation and instructions for the installation of certain types of equipment.

The actual installation work includes checking the completeness of the equipment and its acceptance for installation, disassembly, cleaning and revision, assembly and control and measurement work, installation of the assembled equipment in the design position.

A large volume, especially when installing large-sized equipment, is rigging work - horizontal, vertical and inclined movements of the mounted blocks carried out on the installation site. TO rigging also include the installation, removal and movement of rigging equipment (winches, masts, etc.).

Final works - adjustment, testing and transfer of the mounted equipment to the customer. This also includes works related to the liquidation of the installation site: dismantling of auxiliary racks, storage or shipment of installation equipment, and cleaning of the territory.

Mounting and dismantling works are carried out by special assembly teams, which include experienced fitters, slingers and riggers aged at least 18 years who have passed preliminary and periodic medical examinations.

Before starting work, team members must familiarize themselves with technological map installation or dismantling, the sequence and content of which they must strictly follow in the course of work. For the period of installation and dismantling works, a responsible person from among the engineering or technical personnel is appointed to control the progress of work, compliance with the technological sequence of operations, labor protection and safety rules, as well as monitor the condition of the installation equipment, tools and overalls of workers.

Installation-dismantling of the air conditioner always done after you buy a split air conditioner, before you install it in a specially prepared place. What is assembly and disassembly? Installation of machinery or electrical engineering is a special process of assembling or installing electrical circuits and mechanisms. Dismantling is a kind of dismantling of an object, building, electrical engineering, equipment or demolition of various structures. Hence the name of the profession of people who are engaged in this type of activity.
Installation of air conditioners dismantling are carried out by specialized teams with qualified specialists who have sufficient experience and relevant professional tools. According to statistics, out of 10 air conditioners, 8 break due to improper installation. Correct installation determines the service life of air conditioning equipment. You can order an air conditioning installation service and get acquainted with the prices for its installation.
There are two types of installation of air conditioners - standard installation and non-standard installation. At standard installation outdoor unit the air conditioner is installed under the window not higher than the level of the window sill. The indoor unit is mounted on the wall adjacent to the window, given the distance between the units, it should not exceed 5 meters. Non-standard installation is installation taking into account work from additional requirements client.
Before our specialist will do The client must provide first of all:
- free access to the window or balcony from which the installation will be carried out outdoor unit split systems;
- free access to the wall on which the indoor unit of the split system and all other communications and cable will be located;
- remove interior items from the room where the installation will be carried out, or cover them protective film if you can't take them. Since concrete or brick chips and dust can damage them.
Next come the technological stages of installing the air conditioner - this is the fastening of the split system blocks, special punching of holes, the installation of freon pipelines, as well as the installation of electrical connections, a drainage pipeline, removal of moisture and air from the pipeline, and finally, a test run of the air conditioner.
Installation of air conditioners dismantling indoor unit installed in the room, taking into account all the requirements: functional, room design and customer requirements.
The blocks are fixed using the mounting plate, which is included in the air conditioner kit. For fastening the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, special bolts and brackets are used that correspond to the actual load. For very powerful air conditioners, special vibration damping pads are provided - this is necessary in order to prevent the spread of noise and vibration into the room.
The next step is hole punching. They are necessary for laying a freon pipeline, electric cable and devices drainage system. The holes are drilled at an angle down to outer wall. This is done to remove condensate from the sump of the indoor unit without hindrance.
Installation of freon pipelines is carried out as follows. The pipeline is laid in a decorative box or hidden in the wall, but this is done when renovation in progress in room. Bending, cutting, expanding pipes and cleaning the edges are carried out using special tools (pipe cutters, pipe benders, scrapers and rolling). In some cases, soldering may be required.
Installation of electrical connections, drainage pipeline is done by laying the electrical cable and drainage hose in a box or strobe, and the hole in the wall is sealed with a heat insulator.
After this stage, the system is cleaned of moisture and air. It is implemented vacuum pump carefully evacuating the pipeline.
The test run of the air conditioner is carried out in all modes. When testing is done, they first measure the voltage in the network, then they check the power consumption of the air conditioner, the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the indoor unit of the air conditioner, as well as the refrigerant pressure. If necessary, the refrigerant is bled or charged.