English: Attic premium
A non-production space above the top floor of a building, the ceiling of which is the roof of the building and which has bearing structures(roof, trusses, rafters, beams, etc.) from combustible materials (according to PUE)
Construction dictionary.
Synonyms:See what “Attic space” is in other dictionaries:
attic space- An attic space is a non-production space above the top floor of a building, the ceiling of which is the roof of the building and which has load-bearing structures (roof, trusses, rafters, beams, etc.) made of combustible materials.… … Technical Translator's Guide
Noun, number of synonyms: 4 attic (3) ceiling (9) ceiling (7) ... Synonym dictionary
utility room- ▲ auxiliary kitchen room. bathroom. steam room restroom. toilet. simple: latrine. outhouse. toilet latrine mouth: closet. water closet. smoking room wardrobe. wardrobe. colloquial: locker room. hanger. dressing room. dressing room. Swiss...... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language
riding- attic space... Thieves' jargon
Attic space equipped for residential needs. Named after the French architect F. Mansart (1646 1708). The installation of an attic makes it possible to obtain additional usable space in the building. Source: Dictionary of architectural... ... Construction dictionary
Attic space. Source: Dictionary of architectural and construction terms... Construction dictionary
Attic- attic space equipped for residential needs; named after J. Hardouin Mansart. Jules Hardouin Mansart Jules Hardouin Mansart (1646–1708) French architect, court architect of Louis XIV, great-nephew of François Mansart, one of... ... The fate of eponyms. Dictionary-reference book
Pominalka, brains, attic, mind, attic, head, head, turnip, crock, ceiling, teapot, baklushka, pot, ceiling, skull, kumpol, attic, birdhouse, tambourine Dictionary of Russian synonyms. attic 1. attic space / living space: ... ... Synonym dictionary
- – a window of a special device intended for location on the roof of a house with an attic room. A roof window is designed to withstand the same loads as the roof of a building. This feature distinguishes dormer windows from the usual vertical ones... ... Wikipedia
Y; and. [French mansarde] A living space located under the roof of a building and therefore having a sloped ceiling or sloped walls. House with an attic. Live in the attic. Go up to the attic. ◁ Attic, oh, oh. My window. * * * attic (French… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- , Balashov Kirill Vladimirovich. From this book you will learn how to transform an empty attic space in a country house or country house into a cozy living space. Arrangement of the attic on our own- it's not that...
- How to arrange an attic with your own hands, Balashov, Kirill Vladimirovich. From this book you will learn how to transform an empty attic space of a country house or country house into a cozy living space. Arranging an attic on your own is not that...
The top end of the house can be an attic or loft. Each of these types of premises has its own characteristics.
Design of the roof and attic according to SNiP “Residential Buildings”
What are these features and how does an attic differ from an attic? Let's consider the issue in detail.
Definition
Attic- an attic space used as a residential space, the facades of which are also the slopes of the roof of the building.
Attic- the space between the roof and the ceiling of the last (or only) floor.
Comparison
Thus, the fundamental difference between an attic and an attic lies in the purpose of these rooms.
An attic space is simply called an attic as long as it remains uninhabited. Such a room can be empty or used as a warehouse. And if it houses communication elements or engineering equipment, then the concept of “technical attic” is used.
If you want to add additional meters to the residential part of the house, using the free space under the roof for this purpose is reasonable decision. After the attic has been landscaped and turned into cozy room, suitable for living, it will be called an attic.
During the construction work, the most top part the house is noticeably transformed. What is the difference between an attic and an attic? In the attic there is decorative finishing, furniture for comfortable rest or performing other functions, depending on the purpose of the room.
Also, most often it is planned to re-equip the area under the roof so that it allows spending time in this corner of the house throughout the year. In this case, it is necessary to take care of thermal insulation and heating. All this, as a rule, is absent in a regular attic.
On top of that, the height of the room does not become a determining factor when it comes to the attic, since the owners of the home rarely visit such a place. And regarding the attic, this point is very important. And if the existing height is not enough, it is necessary to disassemble and raise the roof. In this case, the room will be considered an attic if its height vertical walls will not exceed 1.5 m.
Table
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Features of a manor house with an atticEverything in housing construction greater distribution get houses with attics. In SNiP 2.08.01-89* the concept of “attic floor (attic)” means a floor in the attic space, the façade of which is fully or partially formed by a surface (surfaces) inclined or sloping roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor. Residential building with attic floor differs in many features, as evidenced by the projects developed at TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy. The main characteristics of a house with an attic include the shape of the roof and its slopes, with the most common roofs being gable, hip, hip, and folded. Use of spacious attics with rafter structures as attics with residential and utility rooms provides a significant reduction in construction costs. The height of the attic is a function of the roof slope, the width of the building and the height of the walls above. attic floor. An additional reserve of apartment area is especially advisable in houses with high attic spaces - traditional as a result of taking into account the natural and climatic conditions in middle lane And northern regions Russia. In addition to protection from rain and snow, the peaked ends of residential buildings harmoniously correspond with the endless expanses of the Russian plains. In low-rise buildings, attics are occupied large spaces, and the transformation of attic space into a residential floor provides a significant economic effect, which is especially important when constructing housing in two or three construction stages (“growing house” vertically). With a hip and hip roof, the total area of the attic is limited to four slopes, forming a space of an original shape; at the same time, the total area of the attic can be increased by using a mezzanine (Fig. . Gable mansard roofs with their triangular silhouette have a high degree of rationality (Fig. . In a single volume of the attic with minimal consumption of materials, the attic floor is successfully placed not only in one but and in a two-level design, it is also possible to install a mezzanine level. It is here that, in order to increase the total area of the attic space, it is easiest to “raise” the roof by increasing the height of the walls and placing a mezzanine. |
Attic design according to SNiP
According to the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89*, when determining the area of the attic floor, the area of this room is taken into account with a height to a sloping ceiling of 1.5 m with an inclination of 30° to the horizon, 1.1 m - at 45°, 0.5 m - at 60° or more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of the room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a coefficient of 0.7, while minimum height the walls should be 1.2 m with a ceiling slope of 30°, 0.8 - at 45°, 60°; not limited at an inclination of 60° or more. The use of attic space to accommodate premises on two levels is successfully carried out with a significant steepness of the roof or increasing the height of the walls of the building. The most favorable roof slope is considered to be between 35 and 55°. At various slopes roofs, depending on the materials (from 22 to 60°) and with different widths of buildings (from 10 to 16 m), unused attic spaces are equal in volume to 0.5-1.5 floors of a normal residential building. Depending on the degree of inclination during arrangement attic space under the slope of the roof, sidewalls of different sizes are formed, separated by a wall or attic bulkhead.
Rice. A two-story seven-room house with an attic and a built-in garage. Project No. 04 Architects: R. Sakharova, N. Shershneva. Total area 278.5 m2 Provision of area - 35.4 m2 per person, which corresponds to a comfortable standard of living - facade; 6 - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - storage room 7.6 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 6.7 m2; 3 - kitchen 13.2 m2; 4 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 5 - corridor 2.1 m2; 6 - dining room 16.4 m2; 7 - garage 35.5 m2; 8 - hallway 10.2 m2; 9 - sauna 5.3 m2; 10 - recreation room 7.7 m2; 11 - canopy 8.5 m2: 12 - bedroom 27 m2; 13 - bedroom 16.4 m2; 14-living room 32.5’m2; 15-fireplace 22 m2; 16-bedroom 13.3m2; 17-bedroom 24 m2; 18-hallV brick house with a hipped roof and semicircular protruding roofs, the first floor is devoted mainly to utility rooms: a hall-front hall, a dining room, a kitchen, a sauna with a relaxation room. In contrast to traditional methods of arranging rooms, the second floor has a living room with a fireplace and two bedrooms. Two more bedrooms are provided in the attic floor. Comfort of living is achieved due to multi-part zoning, arrangement large rooms, a three-height front hall directly connected to the garage. The original figurative characteristics of the house are in the form of streamlined volumes of the facade elements, especially the main entrance to the house, distinguished by the semicircular ends of the portal, the semicircle of the lowered roof, the accented arched hatch. The wall separates the low sidewall under the roof from the residential and utility rooms, and the space behind the bulkhead is used for a pantry or for built-in furniture with doors and shelves, with pull-out or rotating semicircular drawers. Dormer windows are varied in types, shapes, and patterns of openings. The most common are ordinary windows located on gables. Since the creation of attic floors by François Mansart and to this day, vertical windows - lucarnes, protruding from the plane of the roof - have been widely used. Lucarnes are also provided, fully or partially recessed beyond the roof plane. Vertical windows play a significant role in the architectural appearance of a residential building, and the shape of such windows is close to ordinary ones, but sometimes lucarnes are designed or specially designed for pitched roof, or they can be hip, round, oval. In a special row there are windows located not only on the gables, but also on the built-in terraces of the attic floor. Among the special requirements for a house with an attic is the need to create appropriate natural lighting in the premises. According to the requirements of SNiP 23-05-95 and SNiP 2.08.01-89*, the minimum ratio of the area of light openings of all living rooms and apartment kitchens to the floor area of these premises should be at least 1:8, and for attics when using skylights it is allowed to take a ratio of 1:10.
Rice. Attic six-room house with a ground floor. Project Ns 27 Architects: V. Kolpikov, I. Gutnik. The total area is 220.2 m. The area provided is 36.5 m2 per person, which corresponds to the standard of comfortable living. a - main facade, b - ground floor plan; c - attic plan; g - plan ground floor 1 - hall-front 12.9 m2; 2 - kitchen 15.7 m2; 3 - living room 20.3 m2; 4 - dining room 18.2 m2; 5 - terrace 20.4 m2; 6 - attic hall 7.7 m2: 7 - guest bedroom 15.7 m2; 8 - parents' bedroom 23.2 m2; 9 - children's bedroom 15.3 m2; 10 - basement hall 7.6 m2: 11 - storage room 8 m2: 12 - dressing room-shower 9.2 m2; 13 - sauna 5 m2; 14 - recreation room, billiard room 28.3 m2: 15 - workshop, furnace 10.2 m2 Successful zoning of premises, the rooms are spacious, a special treatment and recreation area is located in the basement. The night rest rooms, located in the attic, are illuminated by skylights in the form of vertical windows, slightly recessed into the plane of the roof. The attic, formed by the broken multifaceted contour of the enclosing structures, is made in compositional unity with the entire volume of the house. Compact volumetric solution provides heat savings. Integrity of the attic floor and the house, plastic facades brick building are distinctive characteristics single-family dwelling B last years so-called inclined VELUX windows, also called roof or roof windows, are increasingly being used. In most cases, single inclined windows are built into the roof (Fig. attic), although it is advisable to use combined window installation systems. Under-roof windows are convenient to use, easy to install, fit organically into the roof of the building and are quite neutral in architectural forms. They provide proper insulation of the premises not only in case of unfavorable orientation of facades, but also in inclement weather. When using inclined windows, snow bags, valleys and abutments, which are the main sources of roof leaks, are often combined in one building. different types windows, for example, vertical and inclined.
Rice. Attic seven-room house with a built-in garage-workshop. Project No. 15 Architect G. Brzhozovsky. Total area 213.4 m Provision of an area of 30 m2 per person a - facade; b - ground floor plan; c - ground floor plan; d - attic plan 1-storeroom 14.6 m2; 2- combustion chamber 8 m2; 3-dining room 15m2; 4-kitchen 14.6 m2; 5-corridor 6.5m2; 6-sauna; 7-living room 23.9 m2; 8 - front 8.2 m2; 9 - garage-workshop 27 m2; 10 - hall-entrance area 11.3 m2; 11 - guest bedroom 11 m2; 12 - boudoir bedroom 18.5 m2: 13 - guest bedroom 11.4 m2: 14 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 15 - office 11.2 m2; 16 - children's bedroom 17.2 m2 In terms of space available for each resident, the house falls into the category of comfortable. Living amenities create a spatial combination of a spacious living room and dining room with the help of a transformable partition; successful zoning premises for “day” and “night”, kitchen large area with an attached sauna and access to the apartment area; entrance node from the street consisting of a bright hall and an entrance hall with an internal staircase. Night rest area - in the attic floor under hip roof. The main entrance to the house with brick walls is accentuated by a developed porch and a protruding volume of the building with vertical window in the attic children's bedroom. The remaining bedrooms and study are illuminated by inclined VELUX windows. Inclined windows or their combination with other types of openings create a bright interior space. Since the attic ceiling in such an apartment is replaced by a roof with windows facing the sky, the roof windows, on the one hand, are reliable protection from the weather, and on the other, they make it possible to see the sky, colored by sunsets and sunrises. When placing roof windows with one of the most important conditions review becomes possible environment. A wide view is ensured by placing the bottom line of the window at a height of 80-110 cm and you can sit and look out of the window at a level of 90 cm. The location of the upper edge of the window at a height of 190-200 cm allows you to see the garden and the sky while standing. An increase in the view of the area is possible if there is a mezzanine with using the vertical part of the window, while the latter must be connected to its inclined element (Fig. ... The degree of illumination of a particular room depends on its functional orientation, and the number of windows and their location varies depending on the purpose of the premises. So, in winter garden or in the workshop! For the artist, it is advisable to use continuous glazing, composed of several inclined windows. Significantly less light is required in rooms such as an office, bedroom, bathroom, so windows are placed in them traditional way- with walls. Sloping windows in any quantity can be installed next to or above each other.
Rice. Additional items Windows in the mezzanine increase visibility and light. If there is no mezzanine, space can be created for placement on the roof. small garden by equipping the window with an additional vertical transom (Fig. And a small balcony can be opened at one of several windows by tilting out the lower part with railings to a vertical position, while the upper part rises like a regular inclined window (Fig. . For free access to a full balcony Sloping windows in the attic are combined with a summer room, in this case the upper windows open in the usual way, and the lower part moves out. For roof windows, protection from the sun and prying eyes is carried out using blinds, pleated curtains, roller shutters, and awnings. In the awarded competition projects, the well-known postulate about the compositional unity of the volume of the house and its attic completion was revealed in a new way. The novelty of the approach to the integrity of the volumetric solution of the dwelling made it possible to create multi-level roof structures, thoughtful forms of the attic, connected together with the facades in different options, including through “lowered” parts of the roof, often extending to the base of the building. It was the use of inclined windows that provided the original shapes of the attic: the geometry of the space of the attic floor, the unusual silhouette of the building, the organic fusion individual elements roofs and inclined roof windows. Among original solutions- roofs in the form of a tent, in the shape of a hang glider, with offset levels of coverings of triangular shapes; pyramid houses, cylinder houses with sloping roof. New forms of the attic, organically connected with the VE-LUX window combi-systems, ensured the creation of expressive fifth facades of buildings. The listed design issues reflect the current level of development of residential buildings with attics. IN best projects new trends in the formation of housing are traced, and promising directions for the development of architecture attic house were most fully realized in the recently held international competition "Attic in Low-Rise Construction". Clearly formulated in the competition program evaluation criteria allowed to provide high quality projects awarded with prizes, and the results of the competition as a whole indicate a significant breakthrough into the future and new opportunities for the design and construction of attic housing. Among the achievements is the demonstrated importance of inclined windows in the formation of the architecture of a residential building with an attic, especially in cases of ordinary layout of block apartments and carpet buildings, in which the lighting of the premises ordinary windows often becomes difficult. In the best projects of the competition, the role of roof windows turned out to be very active, and not just passive, as was previously thought, due to the placement of the window system in compositional unity with the house, attic floor, and roof. Moreover, the innovative approach to the use of VELUX windows predetermined the continuity of the space-planning solution and the interior of a residential building. Thanks to the inclined windows, the interior became an integral component of the architectural and artistic design of the attic dwelling, which, in turn, created the possibility of creating a space permeated with streams of light and sun rays. The interiors featured bright light compositions; They provide not only lighting for rooms and hallways, but also form the aesthetic qualities of indoor spaces.
Rice. A window with a vertical additional frame provides space for a tiny garden on the roof. The significant role of inclined windows in unity with the geometry of the roof, the integrity of the functional-planning composition of the house and light spatial solution, the novelty of the interior design - all this contributed to the search for the figurative characteristics of attic housing, both in the direction of designing a house in modern architectural forms, and creating a Russian home. The new ideas implemented in the projects are presented in the form of sculptural and plastic volumes of the building with a unique fifth façade. This trend is expressed more clearly than others in a home made in the high-tech style, distinguishing, among others, modern architecture building. Attic residential buildings with different architectural solutions, enriched with innovative artistic design, will bring significant diversity to the development of settlements.
Rice. Small attic balcony on the roof Universal insulation for cottage construction.. Heat-treated wood.. Installation wooden window begins with measurement. Transition under the railway using the microtunneling method. Towards forecasts of Russian urban planning in the 21st century. home -> Publications
When planning the construction of a house, almost every customer asks the question - what to build under the roof? Attic or attic space? What are the differences between these elements? The ability to separate the concepts of “attic” and “attic” is necessary not only because of the functionality of the room under the roof, but also in order to avoid possible problems when registering a residential property.
General effective area home largely depends on the purpose of the under-roof space. Let's take a closer look at the difference between an attic and an attic in a private house.
Attic - general concepts
Many people in the process of planning the construction of a private house dream of an attic, although the final result may differ from what is desired. Therefore, you should define the concept of an attic floor. A clear explanation is provided by SNiP (building codes and regulations). Let us immediately note that all legal actions related to registration (re-registration in the BTI and so on) are necessarily based on this set of laws.
According to SNiP 2.08.01-89 an attic or attic floor is the upper tier located in the attic space. Its façade is formed partly or entirely by the plane of the building's roof. The height of the walls formed should not exceed 1.5 meters from the floor level to the line of intersection with the roof surface, otherwise it is a full second floor.
Someone will object that his attic in a house made of timber has the same shape. Quite possible, but fundamental difference is that attic room- a specially equipped area under the roof of a house intended for living. This is the second main functional indicator. For this reason, the attic floor needs, especially for houses made of timber. Thermal insulation of additional living space requires additional costs, but as a result the rooms will be fully suitable for long-term living. Installation of ventilation is mandatory. Without it, rising air currents from lower floors will not allow residents to feel comfortable. In addition, the problem of condensation on walls and ceilings is immediately solved.
Attic - is it necessary?
By attic space, most people mean certain area under the roof, littered with various rubbish. Old things, household and household items, spare parts - in general, everything that is a pity to part with for various reasons. SNiP considers the attic as a space between the roof structure, separated by external walls and not intended for living. If additional space is planned for the placement of engineering equipment and communications wiring, then it is usually called a technical attic. There are no other regulations that regulate the differences between an attic and an attic.
Unlike the attic floor, the attic space has a varied design.
According to its properties, the attic can be of two types:
- Cold. Insulating materials do not extend beyond the boundaries of the floor ceilings.
- Warm. In this case, the insulation is located within the roof structure. In addition, the air that comes out of the house ventilation system passes freely through the attic space and thereby serves as an additional source of heating during the cold season.
The attic is not only an improvised warehouse, but also serves as a kind of air cushion between the roof and the residential floors. Interior decoration in this case there is no additional cost for construction materials. But how to equip and improve an attic space in a private house is, first of all, up to the owner to decide.
The main differences between an attic and an attic
And yet, what is the difference between an attic and an attic? Let's make a comparison.
- The attic floor is intended for permanent residence. The attic room serves as a technical room.
- The attic can be either warm or cold. The attic requires good, high-quality insulation and ventilation.
- Design features attic spaces are varied and do not have clearly defined parameters, and for the residential attic level maximum height walls should not exceed 1.5 meters
- The financial resources spent on furnishing the attic are many times higher than the costs of equipping the attic.
- requires the installation of special windows. For an attic, one or two small, even blind windows are enough.
- Documentary aspects. Unlike the attic, they are not included in the total area of a residential building square meters attic.
As you can see, almost all the differences are based on functional features and characteristics of the premises.
What's better?
There is no clear answer to the question of which roof space is better. If the developer is satisfied with the living space on the first floor and the financial situation leaves much to be desired, the attic floor must be abandoned. Any type of attic that can be converted into living rooms over time is quite suitable. For those who don’t mind extra square meters and want something unusual and creative, an attic floor will come in handy. The only drawback, perhaps, will be the construction on personal plot garage or shed for old things.
If a residential building has a pitched roof, then a space will be formed under it, which can be called an attic or attic. You need to know the difference between an attic and an attic. This is necessary not only to understand the functionality of the under-roof space, but also to ensure that you do not have problems during the registration of the house, since the total and living area of the house can differ significantly depending on the purpose of the space under the roof.
An attic in a private house is an opportunity to expand the living space. This concept is clearly explained in SNiP number 2.08.01-89. It is this document that the BTI relies on when registering and re-registering a residential building.
In accordance with SNiP, the attic floor is an additional warm living space that is located in the space under the roof. They can be completely limited to stingrays hipped roof or only two slopes and gables of the building. The attic differs from attic spaces in that the height of the wall from the level of the floor surface to the line of its intersection with the slope cannot be less than 1.5 m. If the walls are much higher, then this is already a full second floor, and lower walls can only be attic. The permissible ceiling height must be at least 2.5 m.
The next difference between the attic floor and the attic is that these are living spaces, and therefore they must be heated, which requires thorough insulation of the roof structures. It is equally important that these rooms need good ventilation and natural light, so the attic must have a sufficient number of windows.
Important! Even an ordinary attic can be converted into a full-fledged attic. To do this, its walls need to be sewn up along the frame so that the line of intersection with the slopes is at least 1.5 m. It is also necessary to thoroughly insulate the roof structure and install attic windows.
The main advantage that an attic gives to home owners is additional living space without extra costs for the construction of another floor. It has been proven that the cost of such space in a house is 50% less than when constructing a full second floor. The thing is that the cost of insulating a roof structure is much less than the cost of erecting the walls of another full tier.
Attic space
In the minds of many people, the attic should differ from the attic in that it is a space under the roof, littered with unnecessary rubbish. However, in SNiP, an attic is a room under the roof of a house, which is limited by enclosing structures (walls and slopes), is unheated and is not intended for living.
There is also the concept of a technical attic. It is allowed to install technological equipment and lay utilities on it. Unlike the attic floor, the attic does not have strict requirements regarding the height of the ceilings, the distance from the floor to the line of intersection of the walls with the slopes.
There are two types:
- Cold. In this case thermal insulation materials are laid only in the ceiling of the last residential tier.
- Warm. It is insulated not only in the interfloor ceiling, but also in the roof structures. Also, an additional source of heating for such a room can be warm air, which rises from the lower floors through the ventilation system and freely passes through the attic space.
The attic is not only additional storage space in the house. It serves as a kind of heat insulator, because living rooms will be separated from the cold air outside not only by enclosing structures, but also by air in the attic space.
It’s worth knowing: a house with an attic is much warmer than buildings with an attic-free roof. That is why, in the conditions of our harsh winters, it is reasonable to build residential buildings with pitched roof and the attic.
Differences
Let’s summarize and clarify what the difference is between attic and attic spaces:
- The attic performs secondary functions and is used as additional storage space or for installing equipment and laying communications. The attic floor is used for permanent residence.
- Attic spaces can be warm (but without heating) and cold; attic spaces require thorough insulation and heating.
- There are no requirements for the design and shape of non-residential space. Living rooms under the slopes have strict restrictions: their height must be at least 2.5 m, and from the floor to the line where the slopes meet the walls there must be at least 1.5 m.
- Settlement costs residential floor significant compared to the costs of building an attic.
- The attic tier requires the installation of full-fledged windows for lighting and ventilation of the premises. For a non-residential floor, it is enough to make a couple of small dormer windows to ventilate the space under the roof.
- The area of the attic floor is included in the total and living space at home, which cannot be said about the non-residential space under the slopes.
There is no point in saying that one is worse than the other, since the attic system, if desired and has the means, can be converted into a full-fledged living space. It is only necessary to insulate the roof system, hem the ceiling and sew up the walls so that they meet regulatory requirements.
Therefore, we can say that when building a private house and arranging a pitched roof system, you should make sure that in the future you have the opportunity to convert the attic space into residential attic rooms. This will allow you to minimal costs, without moving out of your home, expand your living space.
In residential construction, houses with attics are becoming increasingly common. In SNiP 2.08.01-89* the concept of “attic floor (attic)” means a floor in the attic space, the facade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of a sloping or sloping roof, and the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height not more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor.
Rice. A two-story, five-room residential building with an attic. Project No. 23 Architect N. Shershneva. Total area 170m Provision of area for each resident 22m2a - main facade; b - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - hall-front 4.8 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 2.6 m2; 3 - kitchen-dining room 13.7 m2; 4 - living room 17.8 m2; 5 - office 11 m2; 6 - children's bedroom 14.1 m2; 7 - parents' bedroom 10.3 m2; 8 - guest bedroom 9.8 m2; 9 - playroom 25.8 m2; 10 - bedroom 15 m2 According to the level of living, the house is considered economical. In the compact volume of the house, the first floor is reserved for daytime premises, the second for night rest. In the attic under the gable roofs there is a bedroom and a playroom, illuminated by windows on the gables of the facades. The wooden house made of timber is made in the traditions of Russian housing, both in the layout of the house with a Russian stove in the kitchen-dining room and with a vestibule, and in the architectural forms of the facades. Accommodation amenities include a direct connection between the kitchen-dining room and the living room through an open opening, good proportions of rooms, a two-height living room, spacious playroom and summer rooms. The least economical is the classic folded mansard roof, formed by the broken multifaceted contour of the enclosing structures (Fig. . With the help of shortened slopes and vertical gables with a folded contour can provide the maximum area of the premises, including by including part of the vertical or almost vertical walls in the attic volume. The classic roof most fully corresponds to the architectural standards of the attic floor and meets consumers’ ideas about the individual appearance of the house. in the attic, the size of the premises is regulated by building codes. According to the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01-89*, when determining the area of the attic floor, the area of this room is taken into account with a height of 1.5 m to the inclined ceiling at an inclination of 30° to the horizon, 1.1 m - at 45 °, 0.5 m - at 60° or more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of the room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a coefficient of 0.7, while the minimum wall height should be 1.2 m when the ceiling is tilted 30°, 0.8 - at 45°, 60°; not limited at an inclination of 60° or more. The use of attic space to accommodate premises on two levels is successfully carried out with a significant steepness of the roof or increasing the height of the walls of the building. The most favorable roof slope is considered to be between 35 and 55°. With different roof slopes depending on materials (from 22 to 60°) and with different building widths (from 10 to 16 m), unused attic spaces are equal in volume to 0.5-1.5 floors of a normal residential building. Depending on the degree of slope, when arranging the attic space under the slope of the roof, sidewalls of different sizes are formed, separated by a wall or attic bulkhead.
Rice. A two-story seven-room house with an attic and a built-in garage. Project No. 04 Architects: R. Sakharova, N. Shershneva. Total area 278.5 m2 Provision of area - 35.4 m2 per person, which corresponds to a comfortable standard of living - facade; 6 - first floor plan; c - plan of the second floor; d - attic plan 1 - storage room 7.6 m2; 2 - combustion chamber 6.7 m2; 3 - kitchen 13.2 m2; 4 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 5 - corridor 2.1 m2; 6 - dining room 16.4 m2; 7 - garage 35.5 m2; 8 - hallway 10.2 m2; 9 - sauna 5.3 m2; 10 - recreation room 7.7 m2; 11 - canopy 8.5 m2: 12 - bedroom 27 m2; 13 - bedroom 16.4 m2; 14-living room 32.5" m2; 15-fireplace 22 m2; 16-bedroom 13.3 m2; 17-bedroom 24 m2; 18-hall In a brick house with a hipped roof and semicircular protruding pyukarny, the first floor is reserved mainly for utility rooms: hall - a front room, a dining room, a kitchen, a sauna with a relaxation room. In contrast to the traditional layout of the premises, there is a living room with a fireplace on the second floor and two more bedrooms are provided in the attic floor. rooms, a three-story hall-front, directly connected to the garage. The original figurative characteristics of the house are in the form of streamlined volumes of the facade elements, especially the main entrance to the house, distinguished by the semicircular completions of the portal, the semicircle of the lowered roof, accentuated by the arched hatch. The wall separates the low sidewall under the roof from the living and utility rooms, and the space behind the bulkhead is used for a pantry or for built-in furniture with doors and shelves, with pull-out or rotating semicircular drawers. Dormer windows are varied in types, shapes, and patterns of openings. The most common are ordinary windows located on gables. Since the creation of attic floors by François Mansart and to this day, vertical windows - lucarnes, protruding from the plane of the roof - have been widely used. Lucarnes are also provided, fully or partially recessed beyond the roof plane. Vertical windows play a significant role in the architectural appearance of a residential building, and the shape of such windows is close to ordinary ones, but sometimes hatches are designed either specifically for a pitched roof, or they can be hip, round, or oval. In a special row there are windows located not only on the gables, but also on the built-in terraces of the attic floor. Among the special requirements for a house with an attic is the need to create appropriate natural lighting in the premises. According to the requirements of SNiP 23-05-95 and SNiP 2.08.01-89*, the minimum ratio of the area of light openings of all living rooms and kitchens of the apartment to the floor area of these premises must be at least 1:8, and for attics when using dormer windows it is allowed to take ratio 1:10.
Rice. Attic six-room house with a ground floor. Project Ns 27 Architects: V. Kolpikov, I. Gutnik. The total area is 220.2 m. The area provided is 36.5 m2 per person, which corresponds to the standard of comfortable living. a - main facade, b - ground floor plan; c - attic plan; d - ground floor plan 1 - hall-front 12.9 m2; 2 - kitchen 15.7 m2; 3 - living room 20.3 m2; 4 - dining room 18.2 m2; 5 - terrace 20.4 m2; 6 - attic hall 7.7 m2: 7 - guest bedroom 15.7 m2; 8 - parents' bedroom 23.2 m2; 9 - children's bedroom 15.3 m2; 10 - basement hall 7.6 m2: 11 - storage room 8 m2: 12 - dressing room-shower 9.2 m2; 13 - sauna 5 m2; 14 - recreation room, billiard room 28.3 m2: 15 - workshop, furnace 10.2 m2 Successful zoning of premises, the rooms are spacious, a special treatment and recreation area is located in the basement. The night rest rooms, located in the attic, are illuminated by skylights in the form of vertical windows, slightly recessed into the plane of the roof. The attic, formed by the broken multifaceted contour of the enclosing structures, is made in compositional unity with the entire volume of the house. Compact volumetric solution provides heat savings. The integrity of the attic floor and the house, the plasticity of the facades of a brick building are the distinctive characteristics of a single-apartment dwelling. In recent years, so-called inclined VELUX windows, also called roof or roof windows, have been increasingly used. In most cases, single inclined windows are built into the roof (Fig. attic), although it is advisable to use combined window installation systems. Under-roof windows are convenient to use, easy to install, fit organically into the roof of the building and are quite neutral in architectural forms. They provide proper insulation of the premises not only in case of unfavorable orientation of facades, but also in inclement weather. When using inclined windows, snow bags, valleys and abutments, which serve as the main sources of roof leaks, are often combined in one building, for example, vertical and inclined.
Rice. Attic seven-room house with a built-in garage-workshop. Project No. 15 Architect G. Brzhozovsky. Total area 213.4 m Provision of an area of 30 m2 per person a - facade; b - ground floor plan; c - ground floor plan; d - attic plan 1-storeroom 14.6 m2; 2- combustion chamber 8 m2; 3-dining room 15m2; 4-kitchen 14.6 m2; 5-corridor 6.5m2; 6-sauna; 7-living room 23.9 m2; 8 - front 8.2 m2; 9 - garage-workshop 27 m2; 10 - hall-entrance area 11.3 m2; 11 - guest bedroom 11 m2; 12 - boudoir bedroom 18.5 m2: 13 - guest bedroom 11.4 m2: 14 - bathroom 3.6 m2; 15 - office 11.2 m2; 16 - children's bedroom 17.2 m2 In terms of space available for each resident, the house falls into the category of comfortable. Living amenities create a spatial combination of a spacious living room and dining room with the help of a transformable partition; successful zoning of premises for “day” and “night”, a large kitchen with an attached sauna and access to the apartment area; entrance node from the street consisting of a bright hall and an entrance hall with an internal staircase. The night rest area is in the attic floor under the hip roof. The main entrance to the house with brick walls is accentuated by a developed porch and a protruding volume of the building with a vertical window in the attic children's bedroom. The remaining bedrooms and study are illuminated by inclined VELUX windows. Inclined windows or their combination with other types of openings create a bright interior space. Since the attic ceiling in such an apartment is replaced by a roof with windows facing the sky, the roof windows, on the one hand, are reliable protection from the weather, and on the other, they make it possible to see the sky, colored by sunsets and sunrises. When placing roof windows, one of the most important conditions is the ability to view the environment. A wide view is ensured by placing the bottom line of the window at a height of 80-110 cm and you can sit and look out of the window at a level of 90 cm. The location of the upper edge of the window at a height of 190-200 cm allows you to see the garden and the sky while standing. An increase in the view of the area is possible if there is a mezzanine with using the vertical part of the window, while the latter must be connected to its inclined element (Fig. .. The degree of illumination of a particular room depends on its functional orientation, and the number of windows and their location varies depending on the purpose of the premises. Thus, in a winter garden or In an artist’s studio, it is advisable to have continuous glazing composed of several inclined windows. Significantly less light is required in rooms such as an office, bedroom, bathroom, so the windows in them are placed in the traditional way - with walls. Sloping windows in any quantity can be installed next to or above each other.
Rice. Additional window elements in the mezzanine increase visibility and illumination. If there is no mezzanine, space can be created to accommodate a small garden on the roof by equipping the window with an additional vertical transom (Fig. And a small balcony can be opened at one of several windows by folding out the lower part with railings up to vertical position, while the upper part rises like a regular inclined window (Fig. For free access to a full-fledged balcony, inclined windows in the attic are combined with a summer room, in this case the upper windows open in the usual way, and the lower part moves out. With roof windows, protection from the sun and prying eyes is carried out with the help of blinds, pleated curtains, roller shutters, awnings. In the awarded competition projects, the well-known postulate about the compositional unity of the volume of the house and its attic completion was revealed in a new way. The novelty of the approach to the integrity of the volumetric solution of the home made it possible to create multi-level structures. roofs, thoughtful forms of the attic, connected together with the facades in different versions, including through “lowered” parts of the roof, often extending to the base of the building. It was the use of inclined windows that provided the original shapes of the attic: the geometry of the construction of the space of the attic floor, the unusual silhouette of the building, the organic fusion of individual roof elements and inclined roof windows. Among the original solutions are roofs in the form of a tent, in the shape of a hang glider, with offset levels of coverings of triangular shapes; pyramid houses and cylinder houses with a sloping roof appeared. New forms of the attic, organically connected with the VE-LUX window combi-systems, ensured the creation of expressive fifth facades of buildings. The listed design issues reflect the current level of development of residential buildings with attics. The best projects trace new trends in the formation of housing, and promising directions for the development of attic house architecture were most fully realized in the recently held international competition "Attic in Low-Rise Construction." The evaluation criteria clearly formulated in the competition program made it possible to ensure the high quality of the projects awarded with prizes, and the results of the competition as a whole indicate a significant breakthrough into the future and new opportunities for the design and construction of attic housing. Among the achievements is the demonstrated importance of inclined windows in the formation of the architecture of a residential building with an attic, especially in cases of ordinary layout of block apartments and carpet buildings, in which lighting rooms with ordinary windows often becomes difficult. In the best projects of the competition, the role of roof windows turned out to be very active, and not just passive, as was previously thought, due to the placement of the window system in compositional unity with the house, attic floor, and roof. Moreover, the innovative approach to the use of VELUX windows predetermined the continuity of the space-planning solution and the interior of a residential building. Thanks to the inclined windows, the interior became an integral component of the architectural and artistic design of the attic dwelling, which, in turn, created the possibility of creating a space permeated with streams of light and sunlight. The interiors featured bright light compositions; They provide not only lighting for rooms and hallways, but also form the aesthetic qualities of indoor spaces.
Rice. A window with a vertical additional frame provides space for a tiny garden on the roof. The significant role of inclined windows in unity with the geometry of the roof, the integrity of the functional-planning composition of the house and the light spatial solution, the novelty of the interior design - all this contributed to the search for the imaginative characteristics of attic housing in the direction of designing a house in modern architectural forms, and the creation of Russian housing. The new ideas implemented in the projects are presented in the form of sculptural and plastic volumes of the building with a peculiar fifth facade. This direction is more clearly expressed than others in a dwelling made in the high-tech style, which distinguishes, among others, the modern architecture of the building. Attic residential buildings with different architectural solutions, enriched with innovative artistic design, will bring significant diversity to the development of settlements.
Rice. Small attic balcony on the roof
