Bathhouse using new technologies. How to build a budget sauna in the country

To build some home buildings with your own hands, you do not always need to have special knowledge and experience in construction - frame baths are one such example.

Besides frame construction It also has other noteworthy benefits.

But to understand how to build a frame bathhouse, you will need theoretical preparation.

It is ideal if you have step-by-step instructions in front of your eyes, which describe in detail the sequence of work that you can do with your own hands.

The essence and features of frame technology

Construction is especially popular frame bath acquired from the owners of country plots and houses.

Frame technology allows you to quickly and inexpensively build a bathhouse with your own hands using ordinary hand tools. Reviews from owners of frame baths confirm: it is really cheap and reliable.

Frame technology came to us from the northern European countries, where residential buildings have been built with its help for many centuries.

The construction principle is as follows - the base of the bathhouse is a wooden frame, which is then sheathed various types insulating and finishing materials.

Typical standard instructions for the construction of a frame bath include the construction of:

• foundation;
• wall frame with mandatory subsequent cladding with vapor barrier material, insulation, hydro- and wind insulation, as well as lining.

Other types of work do not differ from the construction of ordinary buildings - laying the floor, installing the roof, finishing.

Frame-panel projects are also carried out in the same way.

By following the indicated sequence, you can quickly make your lightly with your hands and a frame bathhouse that is reliable in design, and inexpensive.

The main thing is to choose quality materials and strictly follow the sequence of their installation.

As building material For the frame of a bathhouse, boards made of well-dried wood of such varieties as larch, aspen or linden will be optimal.

Their main properties are low thermal conductivity and resistance to deformation.

To ensure vapor barrier of a frame bath, choose vapor barrier film. This will prevent moisture from accumulating inside the frame.

It is better to choose mineral wool or fiberglass as a thermal insulation material for a frame bath. The main advantages of these materials are the proper level of sealing without disturbing natural air exchange.

Construction of the foundation

Like any construction project, building a bathhouse with your own hands begins with creating a drawing.

Frame technology allows the construction of buildings of any configuration, so bathhouse designs differ in the size of the construction area and in the number and location of premises.

As a rule, projects of frame baths reflect additional wishes of future building owners - the presence of a shower, a woodshed, an open terrace.

Reviews from novice builders confirm: the simpler the configuration of a frame bath, the easier it is to make it yourself.

At the first stage of construction, it is necessary to select and clear the area on which the frame bath will be located, and prepare for the construction of the foundation.

Despite the fact that the frame structure is quite light, the construction of a foundation will still be required - this will protect the future building from dampness.

The choice of the type of foundation for a frame bath depends on the properties of the soil. If the soil is unstable, prone to erosion or crumbling, then you can do strip foundation.

But since a frame bath does not create a large load, it is easier and more profitable to make columnar foundation.

To build a columnar foundation with your own hands, you do not need special equipment or a team of specialists.

Step-by-step instructions for building a columnar foundation look like this:

• level the area where construction will take place;
• mark the locations of the columns according to the project;
• at the location of each mark, wells are drilled with a depth of up to 1.5 m and a diameter of 20 cm;
• an asbestos-cement pipe with a diameter of at least 10 cm is installed in each well, filled with sand, compacted;
• the base of each pipe is poured cement mortar. Proportions for preparing the solution: a bucket of M200 cement, 4 buckets of sand, 7 buckets of small crushed stone;
• using a level at the required height, determine the horizontal plane, make marks on the pillars and cut the pipes along them;
• The internal space of the pipes is filled to the top with cement mortar.

Construction of frame and walls

To do reliable frame for a bathhouse with your own hands, use a harness made of beams or boards, pre-treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant solution.

The boards are laid along the perimeter of the bathhouse foundation and in accordance with the markings of the walls. An insulating layer is installed between the foundation columns and the beam and fixed with bitumen mastic.

Installation of the harness in the position indicated by the bathhouse design begins with external corners, strictly maintaining a right angle.

To connect timber at the joints, the half-tree method is used, in which the joined elements are equipped with mirror recesses. It is important that each of the joints is above the foundation column.

To connect the timber to the foundation, nails, screws, anchor or wedge bolts are used.

Do-it-yourself installation of walls for a frame bath begins with the formation of corners where vertical racks are installed.

The total number of racks depends on the quantity interior spaces baths, and the distance between them depends on the size of the window and door openings.

The easiest way to build bathhouse walls involves pre-assembling their structure on the ground.

In this case, the wall is assembled in the form of a frame, which is then installed on the frame and, after checking the level of verticality, is connected to the stand. The remaining walls are erected in the same way.

Upon completion of installation of the bathhouse frame and walls, they begin laying the floor.

Features of laying floors in a frame bath

The process of laying bath floors differs depending on the purpose of the room.

To make floors for a steam room, dressing room or rest room with your own hands, use bars with a cross-section of 5x5 cm; they are attached to logs made of boards installed after the foundation has been tied. A subfloor made of boards is laid on top of the bars.

In the washing room of the bathhouse, the flooring is laid after installing an additional foundation along its perimeter. This is necessary so that the bathhouse floor retains heat at any time of the year and dries quickly.

An additional foundation is done as follows: first, a half-meter layer of soil is removed, then sand and gravel are filled in.

In this case, the lags are asbestos cement pipes, fixed with concrete. Boards are laid on top of the pipes, leaving a gap of 5 mm between them, and plinths are laid.

Features of the roof and cladding of a frame bath

To install the roof of a frame bathhouse with your own hands, make the top trim, and then install all the roofing elements step by step:

• ceiling beams are made from beams with a cross-section of 15x15 cm, laid along the top frame at a distance of 50 cm;
• on top ceiling beams performs temporary flooring. For this, boards 15 cm thick are used;
• If the height of the roof ridge is small, the rafters are installed immediately. Otherwise, the rafters must first be assembled on the ground and then installed on the roof;
• to make a ventilated attic for a bathhouse, a sheathing is mounted on the rafters - solid if a soft roof is used, in increments of 35 cm for installing metal tiles or 60 cm for slate.

The finishing of the walls of a frame bath includes internal and outer skin. For interior decoration clapboard is most often used.

Do not use paint or varnish - this can result in the release of toxic substances into the air. To cover the walls of the steam room, it is recommended to choose lining made from hardwood.

OSB sheets are used as the rough ceiling of the bathhouse - they are attached to the beams. Then they are insulated and lined with clapboard.

The function of protecting the insulation from moisture is performed by a layer of waterproof insulating material.

The vapor barrier of the bathhouse walls is provided using glassine and foil, and at the joints between the walls and the ceiling the vapor barrier layer is laid so that its edge protrudes 15 cm forward. To insulate the walls of the bathhouse, mineral wool is used.

You can use edged boards, plywood or wood boards as the external upholstery of the bathhouse.

Before you begin lining the bathhouse, the joints between the slabs or plywood are sealed with polyurethane foam.

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To decorate a building, it is appropriate to use any types of materials - tiles, siding, boards, thermal panels or ordinary plaster.

At the stage of interior decoration, a stove is installed in the steam room, and the dressing room is equipped with a boiler for heating water. To provide fire safety the wall between these rooms is built of brick.

Pros and cons of frame technologies

As you know, perfect technologies do not exist. Each of them has its own pros and cons. Frame technology has both advantages and disadvantages.

The main advantages of frame-type baths are:

• affordable cost;
• minimum terms construction work;
• lightweight type of foundation;
• the possibility of carrying out construction work at any time of the year;
• high levels of thermal protection and low heat capacity, which ensures heat retention even in winter;
• environmental safety;
• the ability to create any architectural forms;
• low level of fire hazard - provided that non-combustible materials are used;
• possibilities for creating comfortable microclimate without heat loss and excess humidity - provided that vapor-permeable materials and insulation are used;
• high rates of seismic resistance - up to 9 points.

However, when deciding to build a frame-type bathhouse, it is worth paying attention to the disadvantages of such a building.

The quality of materials used in modern frame construction is of great importance.

Most of these products coming from China contain toxic substances that are dangerous to human health.

First of all, this applies to oriented strand boards and glass wool. These disadvantages can only be eliminated in one way - if you purchase high-quality analogues of building materials.

In second place among the disadvantages of frame baths, experts highlight their fire hazard. The fact is that unpainted lining is used for the interior decoration of the bathhouse, and this increases the level of fire vulnerability of the building as a whole.

The only way to eliminate this drawback is to use fire-resistant materials, for example, fireproof panels, or impregnations that increase fire resistance.

Despite the insignificant costs of building a frame-type bathhouse, the cost of finishing is quite high and may exceed the planned costs.

Within 2 years after completion of construction, the frame bathhouse may settle, which will lead to deformation of the finishing coating. Therefore, it is so important to use only well-dried wood for construction.

With limited plot sizes and a great desire to have their own bathhouse, many resort to the solution of arranging it in the house. We will tell you how to realize this plan in our material.

Choosing a location for a bath house

First of all, the construction of a house should be planned where its use will be convenient. After all, people here will not only take bath procedures, but also live, possibly for a long time.

When choosing a location for a future log bathhouse, you need to take into account some important features, such as sanitary and fire safety requirements, the topography of the site, and location nuances outbuildings on the site, etc.

The best place for a bath house can be the picturesque shore of a clean body of water - a river, pond or lake. If this is not possible, do not despair - nothing will prevent you from building an excellent pool yourself over time.

To save budget and ease of use, it is recommended to build a bath house on an elevated area of ​​the terrain. This will allow the installation of a sewer system with natural drainage along the slope.

According to the requirements of the Building Codes and Rules, the following distances must be maintained between the site objects and the bath house:

• To another house, if available - from 3 m;
• From buildings containing livestock and poultry - at least 4 m;
• From other buildings - from 1 m;
• From bushes - 1 m;
• From tree trunks medium height- more than 2 m;
• From the trunks tall trees- from 4 m.

Bath house layout

The dimensions of the premises are determined by the selected project. But the bathhouse built into the house should be given the closest attention. There are special conditions for such “extreme” premises. The bathhouse provided for in the layout of the house is allocated three rooms - a dressing room, a washing room and a steam room. The area of ​​these rooms is determined by the number of bathhouse users who come for the procedures at the same time.

Each of the rooms has its own purpose:

1. Waiting room. Here they change clothes, store a supply of firewood, brooms, etc. Often such premises are equipped as recreation rooms with the installation of chairs, tables, televisions and other amenities of civilization. The minimum area of ​​the dressing room is 1.3 m2/person.
2. Washing. Its purpose is clear from its name. Hot and cold water. A boiler, oven and other methods can be used to heat it. If the bath house is used for living, the room can be equipped washing machine. The minimum area of ​​the washing compartment is 1-1.2 m2/person.
3. Steam room. Its dimensions depend on the dimensions of the oven, the number of visitors, and the planned number of shelves. According to regulations, there must be at least 1 m 2 of area per visitor to the steam room in a sitting position.

• For a lying position: length - 1.6-2 m, width - 0.9-1 m;
• For sitting: length - according to the size of the walls, width - 0.4-0.5 m.

In addition, the house requires a powerful ventilation system. It is necessary to ensure that the humidity of the bath does not spread to its living rooms.

Features of building a bathhouse

After choosing a site for development and completing the design, you can begin the phased work.

Construction of a foundation for a bath house

Types of foundations for a bathhouse:

1. Strip foundation. It is the most popular and is used for small buildings with a simple design.
2. Columnar foundation. It is used when constructing buildings on loam or non-clayey soils with deep groundwater. Its structure consists of brick or concrete pillars. The supports are installed in the corners of the planned building, as well as at the junction of partitions and walls. To increase reliability, intermediate pillars are installed between the main supports in increments of up to 2 m.
3. Screw foundation. It is actively beginning to be used in low-rise construction. Used in areas with loose soil and high levels of underground sources. Screw pile foundations make it possible to build houses in areas with difficult terrain, for example, on hillsides. A screw pile is metal pipe with a sharp end. Its other edge is equipped with a welded blade, which allows you to quickly and easily bury the pile into the ground and ensure its fixation.
4. Pile-screw foundation with grillage. Its basis is a screw foundation. Additionally, a pile harness is made using I-beam, wooden beam or channel. This design makes it possible to build in areas with quicksand and even peat bogs.
5. Slab foundation. The most versatile and reliable base. Suitable for any area. Its design consists of a common reinforced concrete monolithic slab.

The installation of any foundation is described in detail by working drawings and a project for carrying out work at this facility.

Assembling a log house for a bath house

First of all, you need to select the material for construction. For example, pine has high thermal insulation properties, spruce does not rot, fir has high strength and is not susceptible to fungi. Therefore, the owner must make the choice of a specific material independently, taking into account the local climate, requirements for the bath house, available budget and his preferences.

When choosing a log, you need to inspect its end. The cut should not have spots, should be hard, and the shade of its core should be even and slightly darker than the rest of the circle. The log must have a minimum number of branches. The presence of gaps in them indicates that the wood is rotten - a log house cannot be built from such material.

The logs delivered to the site are freed from the bark, and their most powerful specimens are used to lay the first crown. The best option- this is larch. Larch is durable, but is only suitable for constructing the first two crowns, since its wood has an unpleasant odor when heated.

For the main part of the log house, fir, spruce or pine are traditionally used. An important point in assembling a log house is the connection of its logs at the crowns. The most popular methods are:

• “With the rest” and “in the corner”. The use of these methods increases the strength, thermal insulation qualities and stability of the structure, but leads to high material consumption compared to other methods.
• "To the region". When the bowl is placed at the top in such a notch, the roof overhangs are lengthened. For additional strength of the structure, the elements of the log house are strengthened using a straight tenon. Finished corners need to be covered with boards to protect them from rotting.
• "Into the paw". A complex method that requires skill and experience from the performer. This method involves additional insulation of the corners - covering with insulation and plank cladding. The “paw” is equipped with a spike 1/3 of the width of the “paw”. This add-on fixes the connection.

During the installation of a log house, its initial caulking is performed by laying jute or moss between the crowns. The final caulking is carried out after the bath house has settled, six months after the completion of construction work. Insulation is carried out along the entire perimeter of the walls. The grooves between the logs are filled with material sequentially from bottom to top.

Construction of a roof for a bath house

For their manufacture, coniferous wood is used, impregnated with an antiseptic and fire retardant to protect against insects, fungus and fire.

Work by device rafter system performed in this order:

1. The material is prepared and the base is marked.
2. The horizontal structure of the roof ridge is displayed.
3. The rafters are being installed.
4. Gables are being installed.

Counter battens are attached to the sheathing in the transverse direction, and the roofing material is attached to it. Thanks to the slats, a ventilation gap is provided and the protective film laid below is pressed.

The roofing material is laid as follows:

• The coverage area is measured and the amount of material required is determined.
• The coating is laid according to technology.
• Shaped elements are placed.
• The cornice overhangs are being finished.
• Snow guards are installed.
• Attic windows are being installed.

Floor installation in a bath house

For decking, tongue and groove or edged board. It is attached to pre-installed and antiseptic-treated joists. The logs are installed according to the design on brick posts or other supporting elements.

Drains are equipped with siphons. Their use eliminates the possibility of drafts and sewer odors in the steam room.

The floor installation procedure includes the following steps:

1. Subfloor installation;
2. Installation of waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier film;
3. Laying flooring;
4. Finishing the floor surface with a finishing coating.

Ceiling installation for a bath house

• Ceiling beams;
• Attic flooring;
• Vapor barrier material;
• Insulation;
• Waterproofing;
• Lathing made of timber;
• Facing material.

The main details of the steam room ceiling are stripes and beams. Additionally, when installing this structure, a flooring is installed with insulation laid on it.

Ceiling beams are made of timber coniferous species tree. As a rule, they are cut either into the very top crown or into the frame of the building. Beams located near the chimney are insulated from general design using bricks. This serves as a fire safety measure.

The ceiling is hemmed with planed boards 20-30 mm thick. The thickness of the insulation is selected taking into account the characteristics of the house and the climate of the region. On average, this is 50-200 mm.

Internal walls for a bath house

Traditionally, bathhouse wall cladding is done using lining made from coniferous wood. To increase the thermal insulation of a building, the walls of log houses are often sheathed with boards. The internal partitions of the bath house are erected using frame-panel technology.

It includes:

• Assembling the partition frame from timber with a section of 100x50 mm and a strut pitch of 600 mm;
• Laying insulation between the racks;
• Vapor barrier device on both sides of the structure;
• External cladding with clapboard, plasterboard, etc.

Important: Finishing work can only be performed after the frame has shrunk. Otherwise, the cladding may become deformed.

Insulation and heating of a bath house

Insulation of a bathhouse is carried out according to the following schemes:

1. Wall insulation: interior lining, first sheathing, vapor barrier layer, second sheathing, insulation, vapor-tight membrane, second sheathing providing a ventilation gap, external cladding.
2. Floor insulation: wooden logs, cranial bars, “rough” flooring, waterproofing - first layer, insulation, waterproofing - second layer, “clean” floor.
3. Ceiling insulation: ceiling lining, vapor barrier layer, insulation - placed between the ceiling beams, waterproofing vapor-permeable layer (membrane), 50x50 mm block providing a ventilation gap, sheathing, attic floor.
4. Roof insulation: roof covering, waterproofing, insulation, sheathing, vapor barrier layer, internal lining.

In all types of insulation, the heat-insulating material is covered on all sides with vapor-tight and waterproofing films and membranes.

In front of the stove, a 10 mm steel sheet must be laid on the flooring. All objects that can burn must be at least half a meter away from the stove. The finished stove is equipped with a chimney.

Water supply and sewerage of a bath house

The pipes used for the water supply determine the purity of the water that is supplied to the bathhouse. Copper pipes oxidize and are expensive. Therefore, it will be rational to use metal-plastic pipes, they are flexible and not difficult to install.

A very effective option is to supply a bath house with water from a well. It will require a deep-well pump. Such a pump is capable of producing the purest artesian water and ensure normal pressure in the system.

Used water must be disposed of outside the home. The simplest option is drainage well. In addition, various septic tanks are used, in which the wastewater, after passing through biological treatment, are removed into the ground through drainage layers of sand, gravel and other suitable bulk materials.

Electrical supply for bath house

The laying of cables and installation of electrical fittings must follow all the rules established for this type of work:

• The supply voltage is supplied only through circuit breakers. For wiring it is recommended to use copper wire with a cross section of 3x2.5 in a fire-resistant shell.
• Installation of switches, distribution boxes and the shield is performed only in the waiting room.
• The laying of wires through the walls is carried out using metal sleeves inserted into the drilled holes logs
• In the steam room, the wiring is located in corrugated non-flammable pipes made of metal or plastic.
• In a steam room with wooden walls, the wiring is made open through attic space. The wires are connected using terminals. Any twists are prohibited.
• Lighting devices must have a metal body, the material of the lampshades must be glass.
• The heating tank for connection must have an individual wire, the same applies to the washing machine.
• A grounding circuit is installed around the building, and the panel is equipped with an RCD.

The bathhouse has a centuries-old history. In Rus', everyone used the steam room: from princes to common people. Most travelers who visited Russian lands in different times, were amazed at the people's attachment to this habit. Many traditions of the people were intertwined with bath procedures. As before, as today, everyone understands that a bathhouse is not only a pleasant pastime, but also a health improvement for the body.

Currently, Russian and are widely used. Along with them, there are also ofuro - the Japanese version and. But nothing attracts residents of our country and tourists more than a real steam room. The technology for building a Russian bathhouse has remained unchanged in Russia for a long time.

Building a bathhouse is very important process, each stage of which leaves its mark on the future design. Any little thing or defect can negatively affect the quality of steam. The main goal of the work is to achieve maximum heating without negative consequences for the human body. That is why the bathhouse construction technology should not be violated. The entire course of work can be divided into several stages:

• Design
• Foundation preparation
• Installation
• Roofing
• Construction of communications
• Finishing work
• Installation of windows and doors

From time immemorial, the Russian bathhouse was built of wood. Best suited for her conifers– pine or spruce, for example. It is their wood that has such useful and even necessary qualities for such a building as rapid absorption of steam, the ability to retain heat indoors for a long time. Moreover, only wooden walls can create that special microclimate, saturated with plant vapors, which we associate with real. Traditionally it is built from a log frame. Frame options came to replace us much later.

Foundation

The very first thing you need to take care of is choice suitable place. The location of the bathhouse should not contradict fire safety standards. It is also necessary to decide on the dimensions initial stage works Building regulations require an area of ​​3-4 m2 for each person washing, so it’s up to you to decide how large a steam room you want to have.

If we are talking about homogeneous, dry, dense soil, then preparing the base will not be difficult. You can build a columnar foundation. Just install wooden poles along the corners of the structure with parallel planes and fill with them the intersections of future walls. The resulting voids must also be filled by installing similar elements at a distance of 2 m from each other. All wood products must be pre-treated with an antiseptic. A subfloor is laid on the installed pillars, then a layer of waterproofing, not forgetting at the same stage to build a blind area that will protect the structure from the penetration of rainwater.

If we are talking about heterogeneous or, for example, clay soil, then it is necessary to lay a strip foundation. Having dug a hole in the ground, you need to fill the bottom with coarse sand. Each layer is spilled with water to better compact it. Next, gravel or crushed stone is poured and filled with cement-sand mortar. On the surface, concrete is placed in formwork to the selected height, and waterproofing is lined.

Construction of a bathhouse

So, we have already discussed earlier that a Russian bathhouse should be built exclusively from a log house. Therefore, before you start laying logs, you need to properly prepare the material. Having cut all the elements into beams equal to the length of the walls of the bathhouse, we begin to trim them. However, do not try to make the logs too thin. The service life of the building will largely depend on the skill of assembling the log house. The quality of the fit of the elements is determined by the quality of the cut groove. The denser the wall, the more airtight the building.

The next step is to carry out caulking work. To reduce the ventilation of the seams between the logs, it is necessary to caulk them twice: the first time after the walls are assembled, the second time after the bathhouse shrinks (after about 1-1.5 years). The essence of this event is to fill the joints with fibrous materials, which are driven into the voids using various devices - caulking. Finishing is carried out both from the outside and from the inside.

After completing the first work, it is necessary to give the bath time to shrink. Usually 1 year is enough. During this period, the material settles as much as possible, although movements may occur in the next 2 years. After this time, you can begin building the roof. Standard scheme The roof structure of a bathhouse includes several elements: rafters, lathing, roofing. You need to immediately think about the shape of the roof. It should be as satisfying as possible. weather conditions your region to reduce possible load. For example, if you have snowy winters, then a flat roof is preferable, since the snow practically does not stay on it, but is blown away by the wind. If you choose a ventilated location, then it is more advisable to build a single- or double-slope modification. A wide variety of materials can be purchased as roofing on modern construction markets: roofing felt, roofing felt, roofing iron, aluminum corrugation, slate. New technologies for building baths even include turf roofing, which has not yet become widespread in Russia.

Selecting a location

The choice of place for a bath depends on sanitary and fire safety norm security. Dimensions, depending on building codes calculation - 3-4 sq.m. total area per person being washed. It is advisable that the bathhouse be located away from the road, in a quiet place, fenced off from passersby by trees, outbuildings or a fence. You can also build a bathhouse on a steep slope. Only in this case, the bathhouse will look like a dugout with pillars for the terrace. An entrance in the form of a veranda terrace is a desirable addition to any bathhouse, as it serves as a solarium, a cozy place for relaxing and reading, an area for children’s games protected from the rain, and a place for carpentry, plumbing and various repair work.

Material selection

The best material for building a bathhouse is pine or spruce logs or beams 12-20 cm thick. Our company builds bathhouses from rounded logs and profiled timber. Rounded logs began to be used in the construction of wooden houses relatively recently. However, the advantages of this material made it popular in Russia. The even, rounded shape of the logs makes it possible to achieve their tight connection. Chopped wooden walls absorb steam well and retain steam. Construction log baths reduces the time required to erect a structure.
When constructing the foundation, stone or rubble is used. The types of foundation depend on the type of soil, as well as the level of groundwater.

Bath structure

Of course, the main place in the bathhouse is the steam room . An indispensable condition in it is heat, uniform heating of the washable and the ability to use a broom. The door should be opened into the dressing room, and not vice versa, to avoid wet clothes. In order to reduce steam and heat loss, the door is designed with a low frame and a high threshold. Along the wall are wooden shelves in 1, 2, 3 tiers, the length of the shelves is 170-220 cm. Even if the bathhouse is the smallest, it must have all the qualities to steam and wash at any time, and heating a small bathhouse will require less time and firewood.

The dimensions of the dressing room are taken based on the fact that there should be at least 1.3-1.5 m2 per person, and a width of at least 1 meter. The dressing room must be insulated, the windows must be wide with high window sills, at least 140 cm from the floor. It should have everything: from clothes hangers to firewood and coal. Behind the dressing room there is a washing room or a combined room for washing and steaming. Each steamer must have at least 1 m2 of space.
The location of the shelves and the stove in a Russian bath is a very important matter; the shelves must be positioned so that the steam that comes out of the mouth of the stove does not burn the recipient and other people in the steam room. In addition, the ceiling in a Russian bath can and should be made significantly higher than in a sauna, and the number and height of shelves depends on this.

Bath heating

To heat the bathhouse and heat the water, stoves of the most varied designs are used, mainly heater stoves. The principle of their operation is based on the use of granite stones as heat accumulators, which are heated by the hot gases escaping from the firebox of the furnace. This way the water and stones are heated at the same time. The stove-heater is designed for burning wood (preferably birch) in a long-term mode. In each room of the bathhouse during bathing, a strictly defined temperature must be maintained constantly and without much effort. In the steam room - 50-55 degrees Celsius, in the washing room - slightly above human body temperature, about 40 degrees, in the locker room - no lower than 21 degrees

Construction of a bathhouse

The construction of the bathhouse is preceded by the procurement of the necessary materials, which are transported to the construction site, then unloaded and stored. Before bringing in materials, you should prepare a place for them. Timber, like boards, as well as other lumber should be stored on pallets. It is necessary to cover the unloaded material with film in order to prevent exposure to negative weather conditions.

Laying the foundation

In the basic configuration, our specialists install baths and houses on the so-called support-column foundation, consisting of concrete blocks (20x20x40 cm). Thus, depending on the landscape, the bathhouse rises 20-30 cm above the ground. When constructing a foundation of this type, fine crushed stone and sand are used. The support is placed on a bed of sand and gravel. The thickness of the pillow is 20 cm or more. In addition, our company’s specialists install pile-screw foundations.

Upon completion of all excavation work and laying the foundation, we lay the roofing material in two layers, and then lay the first crown of timber measuring 100x150 mm. Then the floor joists and timber intended for partitions are cut into the crown. Logs made of boards measuring 150x40 mm are installed under the floors, timber logs are installed under the partitions.

Construction of a log house

After completing the strapping, you can begin building the log house. External walls are erected from 140x90 mm timber. Their thickness is 90 mm. Standard height The log house is 17 crowns (2.35 m). Jute is laid between the beams. The standard fastening material for walls is 200 mm nails. Experts recess the nail by 2-3 cm, so that when it shrinks fastener did not rest against the upper beam.

Assembling the rafters

The next stage of building a bathhouse is assembling the rafters. Pre-sawed blanks are knocked together on one template. This is followed by lining the gables with clapboard. Glassine should be placed under the lining, which performs a vapor barrier function. The sheathed gables and assembled rafters are mounted in place. The sheathing is nailed to them.

Interior decoration

After completing all roofing works It's time for interior decoration. Subfloors, glassine, Ursa or Isover insulation (50 mm) are installed. The insulation is covered with glassine paper, and then a finished floor is constructed from a tongue-and-groove floor board, whose thickness is 28-38 mm.

Next, specialists nail the ceiling through glassine to the rafter beam. The top of the ceiling is insulated. After this, glassine is laid in the attic, then the floor is nailed there. A staircase made of boards or timber leading to the second floor is being installed.

The final stage of interior decoration is the insertion of doors and windows. As standard, frames measuring 100x120 cm are installed, with a window or two leaves, with double glazing. The size of the paneled doors is 210x80 cm. The lining is made of lining on the doors and windows. The plinth is nailed in the corners, at the joints of the lining, and along the floor.

The bathhouse construction technology consists of several stages. The important point is to follow all the sequences and rules in order to achieve maximum heating of the room in the future. Even the smallest mistake can negatively affect the quality of steam, which in turn can lead to negative impact steam rooms on the human body. That is why it is so important to follow all the steps that make up the construction technology of such a structure as a bathhouse.

Today there are many different options for building a bathhouse or sauna. They all have their own characteristics and advantages. Baths different nations around the world differ in air heating temperature, humidity level, room size and shape of steam rooms.

Why is it so important to visit the bathhouse?

It's no secret that visiting a bathhouse (in reasonable quantities) has a positive effect on human health, and can also help in getting rid of a number of ailments and diseases.

The main advantages of performing steam procedures in a bath or sauna:

1. The steam room has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin, cleansing it of various toxic substances that accumulate in the body of every person. Cleaned pores, thanks to steam procedures, can fully function.
2. For those who want to lose weight and get rid of excess weight, it is enough to visit the bathhouse regularly. At the same time, the body gets rid of toxins and cell renewal occurs. If you combine a steam room with a visit to the pool (that is, carry out contrast procedures), you can achieve activation of subcutaneous processes, due to which the level of lymph flow increases and the body begins to free itself from excess fat accumulation. Changing temperatures (the effect of which occurs when visiting first a steam room, then a swimming pool) helps strengthen the immune system. Cellulite, moreover, is very afraid of massage, which can be easily done in a bathhouse using a bath broom.
3. Steam bath procedures will also help improve the functioning of the respiratory system. It is in the steam room that you can easily get rid of diseases such as bronchitis or colds. And if you add special essential oils or dry healing herbs and breathe such steamy air, you can cure inflammatory processes nasopharynx.
4. For people who suffer from kidney disease, the bath will also have a positive effect. As a result of active sweating, the functioning of the kidneys is normalized.

To get rid of muscle pain and joint diseases, you also need to regularly visit the steam room.

Along with sweat, excess accumulated fluid comes out of the body, which has a beneficial effect on the entire muscular system. The steam room will help in getting rid of diseases such as radiculitis, gout or sciatica.

What types of baths are there?

Today there are a huge number of different types of baths. Different nations have their own structural features of such structures. They differ from each other in construction technology, size, and air heating temperature.

There are five main types of establishments where you can take steam treatments:

1. Steam rooms where dry air is supplied. Characteristic feature is the supply of dry air, that is, the humidity level does not exceed 25%. In this case, the temperature in the room can vary from +60 to +120 0 C. This group includes the Russian bathhouse and Finnish sauna.
2. “Raw” steam rooms, in which the air heating temperature ranges from + 50 to +70 0 C, while its humidity is set at a level of 70 to 100%.
3. . At its core, this procedure consists of lying in hot water, which is poured into a special barrel made of wood. It is also possible to install two barrels in the room, the water temperature in which will be different.
4. Turkish baths. A characteristic feature of such a room is the additional heating of the building walls and benches. That is why in the Turkish steam room, not wood is used for installation, but more moisture resistant materials. It could be a natural stone(marble), mosaic or tile. In addition, a distinctive point is the absence of a stove in the steam room. Air humidity reaches 100%, while the temperature remains sufficiently low level— within +40 0 C.
5. Roman steam room. The peculiarity is that it can be installed in two separate rooms different temperatures air. In one, the thermometer shows a mark of +40 0 C, in the second the temperature reaches +70 0 C. Steam enters both rooms through specially installed holes, which are installed in the floor and walls. Often, to obtain a more relaxing effect, a variety of essential oils or herbal infusions are also added to the steam.

Also today, dry Japanese bath. The meaning of this procedure is that a person is immersed in a wooden box filled with hot sawdust or pebbles. The heating temperature of such components is set at 45 0 C. Various medicinal herbs or essential oils are often also added to sawdust. Thus, a dry Japanese bath allows you to get not only warming up the whole body, but also a massage.

Features of the structure of the Russian bath

Construction technology involves installation separately standing structure. In this case, the air temperature warms up, as a rule, to 70 0 C, with a humidity level not exceeding 60%.

A real Russian bathhouse consists of a dressing room and a steam room. In some cases, there may also be a vestibule, which is installed as additional protection against the penetration of cold air into the room.

The steam room is heated by heating the stones that are installed in the stove. A hot fireplace is poured with boiling water, after which a large amount of steam is generated.

Since ancient times, Russian baths have always been built of wood. Coniferous wood is best suited for this purpose. It could be pine or spruce. Their wood has the following important qualities:

• rapid absorption of moist air;
• long-term heat retention indoors.

Traditional construction technology is a bathhouse made of timber.

When choosing log houses, you should pay attention to the following points:

• the surface of the timber must be smooth and even;
• cracks should be practically invisible or absent;
• the log house must be free of characteristic bluish spots, which are the first signs of wood rotting;
• There should be as few different knots as possible on the log houses.

The technology for building a Russian bathhouse from timber includes several stages:

• pouring the foundation - the best option is a strip foundation followed by waterproofing. It is this that protects the future structure from groundwater;
• laying the first crown - the success of manufacturing and the subsequent technology for constructing a bathhouse from timber will depend on how the base is installed (especially when installing it yourself);
• installation of the second and subsequent links;
• making openings for doors and windows;
• caulking of seams.

The bathhouse made of timber has recently been replaced by frame structures.

The construction technology is so simple that you can easily build it in the shortest possible time and with your own hands. A special advantage is the ability to install the structure at any time of the year, regardless of weather conditions.

The construction technology of a frame bath consists of the following stages:

• construction of the foundation (you can fill a simplified foundation, since the building will not have much weight);
• construction of walls - their installation should begin from a corner, which should be correctly and carefully formed;
• finishing of the frame and arrangement of the floor.

Each of these stages has its own nuances that should be studied before starting construction.

Features of the structure of the Finnish bath

The Finnish sauna is also particularly popular now. A characteristic feature is dry air heated to hundreds of degrees. This temperature is maintained by heating specialized electrical appliances. Moreover, it should be noted that you can set up a Finnish sauna not only in special complexes, but even at home - in an apartment. At the same time, the humidity level is quite low – in the range of 10-30%.

The construction of baths using Finnish technology is similar to a Russian bath. The difference is more low ceilings, which, accordingly, influenced the installation of the top shelf in the steam room (located at a lower level).

A Finnish sauna must have a good ventilation system . In such a dry air complex it is not customary to create steam or use a broom. The main functional purpose of a sauna is to warm the body.

A Finnish mini-sauna can be installed even at home. To equip a bathhouse in an apartment, it is enough to purchase it at a specialized store. Distinctive feature is small in size, and besides, these saunas heat up quickly enough. The heating device can be either electric stoves or specialized stone stoves. It should be noted that it is better to install the electric furnace in a remote place or near an exit. Stone stoves are usually fenced off with a small wooden “fence”.

Canopy baths: structural features and functional characteristics

From how the canopy is installed in bath room, the safety of a person’s presence in the steam room directly depends.

Installation of the canopy may include various options. The most common ones are:

1. Shelves are of the stepped type, which is the most common type. With this installation, the shelves are located along one of the walls and are arranged in several tiers. A stepped type canopy with a small area will be especially convenient for baths. A characteristic feature is that the higher the shelf is, the stronger the heating will be at this level. That is why it is recommended to start carrying out steam procedures from the lower shelves, since the air temperature will be lower and more gentle for humans.
2. The canopy is “g”-shaped. In such bath rooms, the shelves are located on the opposite side from where the stove is located. In this case, the second shelf will always be installed on another free wall. The “L”-shaped canopy arrangement is ideal for a medium-sized steam room.
3. Compartment-type canopies involve placing shelves opposite each other.

To save space in the steam room upper shelves can be installed with a folding mechanism.

Construction of a bathhouse with a shelf

The technology for constructing a bathhouse with a canopy is simple and occurs in several stages:

• preparation of drawings for the future canopy;
• installation work on installing a frame bench;
• construction of the flooring.

It is better to choose oak wood as the main material from which the canopy will be made. Since it is the most wear-resistant and will last long time. Upon completion of any construction work in the bathhouse, the wood should be treated with a special protective agent. Thus, the operating time of not only the shelf, but also the bath complex itself increases.

It should be remembered that ideal option to build a bathhouse at the dacha or in the house there will be its Finnish or traditional type. Recently, modern thermal steam rooms with infrared radiation have become increasingly popular. The essence of such a “steam room” is that the human body heats up under the influence of infrared rays.

It is used as the main device infrared heater, and the design itself looks like a small and compact cabin. The air in the steam room remains fresh, regardless of the set heating temperature. Depending on everyone’s needs, in modern supermarkets you can purchase such a mini-“bath”, which will be intended for one or several people. Infrared heating of the body is considered absolutely safe for human health and brings benefits to the body. But at the same time, such steam procedures cannot replace real Russian steam and will not bring the same emotions and impressions.